Mutungamiri weFrance Blum Leon: biography nemifananidzo

Mutori wenyika weFrance Leon Blum akanga akaparadzaniswa nekubatanidzwa kweFrance kuratidzira kwekunzwira tsitsi netsitsi yeZionism. Maitiro anowanzoitwa nemaitiro emagariro evanhu vemazuva ano anotiita kuti tifunge uyu aimbova mutungamiriri weFrance.

Andre Leon Blum, pfupi pfupi biography

Nzvimbo yekuberekerwa iyi mutungamiri mukuru wemunguva yebasa reParis. Musi wekuzvarwa - 9.04.1872 Date rekufa - 30.03.1950.

Baba vake vaiva mupfumi weAlsatian mupfumi, mugadziri wetibhoni zvesilika.

Blum akadzidza Leon pakutanga kuma lyceums aHenry the Fourth naCharlemagne, akabva apedza kudzidza kubva kuSchool Normal School uye University of Paris, kwaakadzidza mutemo. Akadzidza zvakakwana.

Dreyfus nyaya yakamukurudzira kuita zvematongerwe enyika.

Kubva muna 1902, akava nhengo yeSocialist Party.

Muna 1919, vaParisiti vakamusarudza kuNational Assembly.

Munguva imwecheteyo, akaedza kuita chimwe chinhu chinopikisa kuwirirana kweFrance nechinangwa chekugadzira hurongwa hwevaJudha munyika munharaunda yePalestina.

Zvematongerwo enyika

Mukutanga kwa1920, Blum Leon akatonga October Revolution uye udzvinyiriri wehutungamiri. Munguva pfupi, kubva kuvatsigiri vekuvandudza muRussia, French Communist Party yakaumbwa, iyo iyo "L'Humanite" yakabatana nayo.

Vatsigiri veBlum, avo vaiva vashomanana, vakaronga ivo pachavo muFrench French Socialist Party.

SeMarxist, Blum Leon haana kuda kuva chikamu chehurumende "bourgeois".

Akamunzwira tsitsi neZionism, uye Chaim Weizmann akamukoka kumuJudha Agency, akazvibatanidza muna 1929.

Kubva muna 1936 Blum Leon akapinda muruboshwe rworuboshwe, kubva pane imwe nguva gare gare yakabuda mu-anti-fascist Popular Front, iyo yakagamuchira huwandu hwevhoti mumasarudzo anotevera.

Somutungamiriri wehurumende

04.06.1936 Leon Blum, uyo nhoroondo yake yakagadzikana kwazvo kubudirira panguva ino, akatora nzvimbo yeHurumende yeFrance.

Hurumende yehurumende inotungamirirwa naye yakagamuchira mitemo yakawanda yemagariro evanhu. Basa remaawa makumi mana rakagamuchirwa pakupedzisira, nzira yekubhadhara yakashanda yevashandi yakaiswa. MaArabhu muAlgeria akawana kodzero yakakwana neFrench. Ikusarudzwa kweBhange reFrance uye indasitiri yeuto yakaitwa.

Izvo zvinotarisirwa purogiramu yemagariro evanhu anogamuchirwa nehurumende yeBluum yakagumbura mhirizhonga mumakwikwi emabhizimisi, ayo akaramba kubatirana neKadhimende.

Pamwe chete neizvi, kupesana kwebumbiro rekubatana kwakasimbiswa pamusoro pekusimudzirwa kweSpain Republicans mukurwisana kwavo nehurumende yeFascist. Iyo Prime Minister yakaronga mutemo wekusapindira, iyo yakatarwa nevatsoropodzi semvumo yefascism.

Musi wa 21.06.1937 mutungamiri wenyika akatumira chikumbiro chekurega basa. Izvi zvakaitika mushure mekunge maparamende vakaramba chirevo chekutaura mutemo waizopa hutungamiri hweMasangano masimba anoshamisa aizotendera kuita zviito zvakasimba munharaunda yemari.

Nguva yekutanga-hondo uye basa reFrance

Mushure mekushandurwa kweVatungamiri Vehurumende, Leon Blum, wezvematongerwe enyika ane ruzivo rwakanaka, akagadzwa vamiririri wehurumende uye akaitora kubva 29.06.1937 kusvika 18.01.1938.

Kubva 13.03. Musi wa10.04.1938 akanga ari Mutungamiri weMari.

Mushure mekushanda kweFrance muna 1940, Blum haana kubva munyika. Panguva yekuungana kweNational Assembly muVichy, iye pakati pevhoti 80 vaipikisa kupiwa kwesimba kuna Peten mutongi.

Hurumende yaVa Vichy Blum yakawanikwa iine mhosva pakutanga kwehondo, maererano nezvakaendeswa kune mhosva.

MunaSeptember 1940 akasungwa, uye muna 1942 iye, pamwechete nevamwe vezvematongerwo enyika kubva kuTatu Republic, vakaendeswa kutongwa. Iyi nzira yekuratidzira, inonzi "Riomsky", yakanga iine chinangwa che "kusimbisa nekupa mhosva avo vane mhosva yekukundwa kweFrance."

Muna 1943, Pierre Laval akarayira kuti vabudise Blum kuGermany, kwaakaiswa mumusasa wevasungwa weBuchenwald. Chero chete nekuda kwechiitiko chaakagara ari mupenyu.

Mukoma wake Rene Blum akanga asina nhanho shoma, akaenda kuAuschwitz ndokufira ikoko.

Mumwaka we1945 Leon Blum akasunungurwa kubva mumusasa wevasungwa nevaAmerica.

Nguva yepashure

Mushure mekunge adzokera kuFrance, Blum akava nhengo yehurumende yenguva yeDaulle. Akatora mukutaurirana nevaAmerica panyaya yezvikwereti zvakawanda kuFrance.

Pakazosvika 16.12.1946 kusvika 22.01.1947 Blum akashumira seachigaro weHurumende Inotarisira.

Muna 1947, UN General Assembly yakarangarira remangwana reEretz Yisrael. Blum akapedza simba rakawanda kuhurumende yeFrance yakasarudza kuvhota chisarudzo, icho chakapa kuti kuparadzaniswa kwePalestine kugadzire munharaunda yaro nyika yevaJudha yakagadzirwa.

Muna 1948, Leon Blum, uyo mufananidzo wake waigona kuwanikwa mumapepanhau akawanda, akatungamirira nhume yeFrance kuenda kuUnited States. Kubva 28.07 kusvika 05.09.1948 akanga ari vedzisi-gurukota.

03/30/1950 Blum akafa muguta reJui-en-Jos (Dhipatimendi reYvelines).

Kudzidza kwehupenyu hweBlum

Bhuku reBlum rakadzidzwa zvakajeka naPeter Birnbaum, Purofesa weSerbonne, uyo ari nyanzvi munhoroondo yevaJudha muFrance.

Zvinangwa zviviri zvaiitwa. Munyori akaedza kuziva kuti zvinorevei unhu hwaLeon Blum wenhoroondo yeFrance. Pamwe neyi Birnbaum yakaratidza kuti chinhu chinokosha pakuumbwa kwenyika yezvematongerwe enyika yeBluum kwaive muJudha.

Dreyfus aiva nesimba guru pane maonero aBlum. Akanga ane chivimbo pamusoro pehupenyu kuti vezvematongerwo enyika vanofanira kubvisa kusaruramisirwa kune mumwe munhu, uye ipapo ingofunga nezvekubvisa kusaruramisira kwevanhu pamwe chete.

Maererano naBirnbaum, Blum's hurumende yezvematongerwo enyika yaiva yekuguma kwehukuru hwake hunyanzvi, hwakabudirira pamwe chete nekutarisa kwemaonero ekusimba kuwana simba munzanga.

Achitaura achinyatsotsigira Dreyfus mumutsara, Blum akakwanisa kuzviwanira zita. Mushure meizvozvo, akabatana nehurumende yevanhu, akamira pedyo nemutungamiri wevanhu vevanhu, Jean Zhores. Akakwanisa kuva nyanzvi yekutenderera yeMarxist pfungwa.

Blum naZhores vaidavira kuti munhu wega wega anogona kunge akachengetedzwa chete pasi pechisimba. Mune maonero avo, ruzivo rwakanyanya kudarika rwevanhu, avo vakabva pane zvinodiwa zvikuru mumamiriro ezvinhu ehurumende yevanhu, vachakwanisa kutora chikamu mumabasa ekutonga nyika.

Real Policy

Rimwechete riri mumapoka eparamende, Blum akakwanisa kuzviratidza kwete zvachose se Marthoist ordodox. Haana kugamuchira hurumende yeSoviet yakabuda. Mukutanga kwa1920, iye munyaya dzake akacherechedza migumisiro yakaipisisa yekukunda kweBolshevik kwesimba.

Akatsoropodza kushandiswa kwekutya kwevanhu kwete sechiyero chekuchengetedza kuchengeteka kwevanhu, asi sechimbo chikuru chekutungamirirwa kwehurumende.

Pakazosvika makumi matatu, veFrench Social Democrats vakange varasikirwa nekuzivikanwa kwavo, uye Chechi yeCommunist, pane kudaro, yakanga yakasimbisa zvikuru nzvimbo dzayo. Panguva imwecheteyo, pakanga paine kuwedzera kukuru kwekunzwa kwakanyatsonaka kwemapiro.

Kuti arege kutyisidzira kubva kumasimba akakodzera, Blum aifanira kukurira kusakanganiswa kuripo kune vaKomonisiti.

Sachigaro wehutungamiri akakwanisa kumubata chete mushure mekunge ma-socialist uye maCommunist akakwanisa kubatanidza muchigadziro chinonzi "Popular Front".