Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Teffi

XX remakore yakanga yakazara unhu vanenge akasiya zvisingafi zvechokwadi chiratidzo munhau kukura nzanga yose zvayo. Great Zvakawanikwa zvesainzi ... Wireless Mobile Internet uye mapfumo kudana nokuda Mobile kutaurirana - zvakananga mugumisiro tsvakurudzo kwakadaro. Asi panguva kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, kusimbisa pakuiswa kwete zvemazuva ano. Kwaikosha rokuti tsika vanhu. Ndokusaka chidzoke mabhuku, Chokwadi, kuenda mberi senguva dzose, chaizvo rakavapo kunokwana matarenda mazita akasara kuyeuka vaya kuyeva prose uye nhetembo ari mangwanani XX remakore.

Uye mumwe nomumwe ava Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Teffi, Nee Lokhvitskaya, uye murume wake - Buchynska. Iye akaberekwa May 9 (uye vamwe date - 27 April) 1872 muguta St. Petersburg (apo mashoko ndiyewo zvakasiyana, sezvo pane mashoko kuti akazviratidza kuna chiedza muna Volyn mudunhu). munyori Future aiva mukunda inozivikanwa panguva imwe purofesa kwemhosva, uye kuwedzera, uyewo vanobudisa magazini "Pakutonga Gazette" AV Lokhvitsky. Uyewo Hope - hanzvadzi zvikuru inozivikanwa poetess Mirra (Nee Mary) Lokhvitskaya (yaiva naye panguva rakanzi "Russian Sappho").

Rekunyepedzera "Taffy" Kakanga kakasainwa yokutanga chaizvo nyaya enyambo, uyewo mutambo "nyaya Women kuti", yakabuda 1907. Asi detembo, iro shure muna 1901 uye debuted Lokhvitskaya, zvisinei, rakabudiswa pasi zita rake musikana aripo.

Nezvekwakabva remadunhu- "Taffy" achiri vanzika. Sezvambotaurwa woga, zvakananga kwarinoenda chete kumba remadunhurirwa yakare mushumiri Lohvitsky - Stepan (mhuri yake inonzi Steffy), asiwo nhetembo pamusoro Rudyard Kipling, vachiridza sezvo «Taffy aiva walesman / Taffy aiva mbavha». Asi nyaya uye noruzhinji kuti akazviratidza nokuda siginicha ichi, vakanga kusimba yakakurumbira pre-echimurenga Russia, saka pane imwe nguva iripo kunyange zvinonhuwira uye candies anonzi "Taffy".

Taffy rakadhindwa mu "Satyricon" magazini uye "Satyricon New" kubvira nyaya yavo yokutanga, rakabudiswa muna April 1908, kusvikira kurambidzwa nechinyorwa muna August 1918, saka sezvo munyori vaviri mavhoriyumu muunganidzwa chinosetsa nyaya, rakabudiswa muna 1910, iyo yaiva uchiteverwa vakawanda kuunganidza ( "Carousel", "utsi pasina moto", yakabuda muna 1914, uyewo "mhuka upenyu", zvakanyorwa muna 1916), Taffy kubvira pakutanga iye zvakawana mukurumbira sezvo munyori hunhu hwakanaka, witty, uye kunyatsocherechedza chaizvo. All vaidavira kuti vamwe vanyori chinosiyanisa chiri runonzwisisa kusava nesimba kwevanhu, wake mutsa uye rinoshamisa tsitsi avo usina kufukidzwa vatambi.

Taffy aiva kufarira Genre kuti vakasiyana, iyo yakavakirwa rondedzero zviduku enyambo chinosiririsa. bhuku rake maviri mavhoriyumu, iye akatanga epigraph kuti "Ethics" B.Spinozy kuti zvakarurama kwazvo zhinji pamabasa anosarudza ayo nenamo: "Nokuti kuseka - pane mufaro, uye saka akanga oga - chikomborero."

Zvikuru pfupi echimurenga pfungwa, yakanga muna 1905 rwakakurudzira kunotangira kunyora Taffy pamwe pepanhau Bolshevik "New Life", hapana kuoneka zvisaririra mubasa rake haana kusiya. Havana chinobatika uye zvakasikwa zvabuda uye kuedza kwayo kunyora munzanga satires zvinetso kukamura uchishandisa, iyo pepanhau "Russian shoko" kutarisirwa Taffy. Ipapo rakabudiswa, kubva 1910. Panguva iyoyo, musoro pepanhau "Mambo chinosetsa anecdotes" - V. Doroshevich pachake, Chokwadi, zvisinei mavambo tarenda Taffy zvakarurama kamwe akati kuti "zvakawanda maturo ari bhiza muArabhiya kutakura mvura."

Pamwe akakurumbira munyori satirikonovtsem Averchenko pakupera 1918 Taffy akapfuurira kwenguva yakati muKiev, apo aida pakutanga kuti kuitisa hwavo hwepachena zvomunhu, zvino, pashure urwo rwakatora makore rimwe nehafu achidzungaira kumaodzanyemba kweRussia (kuburikidza Odessa, Novorossiysk uye Ekaterinodar) ivo asvika, pakupedzisira, kuburikidza Constantinople pacharo chaipo kusvikira Paris. Mubhuku rake rinonzi "Ndangariro" (rakabudiswa muna 1931), izvo haisi memoir iri truest pfungwa shoko, asi chete nyaya autobiographical, Taffy akakwanisa zvakajeka uye zvachose vakiridza yose nzira youtorwa hwavo, uye akanyora kuti iye asarase tariro nokuda kunokurumidza kudzokera kurwadziwa nomutauro wake Moscow.

Vose vari prose uye mumutambo pa Taffy pashure chaizvo wake kuenda kumwe kunowedzerwa vamwe chinopunyairireiko, kunyange zvishoma inosuruvarisa motifs. Izvi hazvishamisi, nokuti kupanga yake yaakaberekerwa - mumwe pakugona matambudziko mupfungwa zvakawanda vatama. Uye kwete navo chete. Unoitei kana nguva refu usadana shamwari dzako nehama, hauzivi kuti chii chinoitika kwavari? Ndizvozvo, kuti agumbuka uye kunyange mwoyo, musingadi kuwana nzvimbo pachake.

Tone Taffy nyaya kuwedzera rinobatanidza zvimwe zvakaoma uye pakarepo conciliatory akacherechedza. Maererano dzakawanda munyori, inguva yakaoma, riri kuenda kuburikidza chizvarwa yayo, kunyange asina chero nzira akwanisa haana kuchinja mutemo usingaperi, izvo dzimwe nguva zvakanga zvisingaiti kusiyanisa imhute mufaro kusuwa, nguva refu kuti chenhando.

Mune ramangwana, yose Second World War uye haizopereri payakatora Taffy akapona pasina nokusingaperi vachisiya Paris. Zvisinei, nguva nenguva iye achiri akabvuma kutaura kuverenga mabasa avo kune zvakasiyana mubvakure vateereri, rinova nokusingaperi zvishoma ose gore. Eya, ayo makore post-hondo Taffy chaiva vakabatikana memoir yokunyora nokudhirowa yepakutanga vakararama dzavo - kubva Aleksandra Kuprina uye Konstantin Balmont kuna Grigoriya Rasputina.

Life Taffy akaenda Paris musi waOctober 6, 1952, vachisiya utachiona tsika kutumbuka kwenguva refu, kusvikira pakupedzisira, kwete zvakazara dzakarukwa kupinda korona wematarenda mabhuku kwechokwadi.