Ndege Myasishcheva: Projects ndege

Zita hunoshamisa Soviet ndege mugadziri Vladimir Mikhailovich Myasishcheva vakatsva kuzivikanwa nepakati sixties wekupedzisira remakore. Zvaive munguva iyi ndege dzayo dzakanga kutanga kuratidzwa kuvanhu.

VM Myasischev akapfuura zvose zvorwendo ndege kukura. Basa rake nokushanda akatanga ari draftsman nyore, kupedza kwayo mukuru wakachenjera.

Myasishcheva ndege (mapikicha zvinogona kuonekwa munyaya ino) vakanga vaida USSR.

Izvi zvakakonzerwa veMubatanidzwa zvombo zvenyukireya. Anodonha enyukireya musi Japan, United States haina kuudzwa nyika pamusoro kutanga kwenguva itsva yenyukireya wokuburitsa ayo ukuru. Zvisinei, pashure pakuonekwa zvombo zvenyukireya muSoviet Union pamberi utungamiriri nyika kuwana mubvunzo unokosha nezvomukana kununura enyukireya kundima zvingakanganisa muvengi. Kutsungirira dambudziko iri kwakabatsira muhurukuro yacho USSR ndege Myasishcheva.

Musangano wokutanga avhiyesheni

Myasischev Vladimir Mihaylovich akaberekwa 28/09/1902, muna Efremov muguta, riri muruwa Tula. Somwana, akanga zvisingatomboiti mbudzana, haaratidzi kufarira magadzirirwo. Mumakore 11, Vladimir ndanyoresa panguva yomunharaunda zvekushandisa chikoro, apo akadzidza purogiramu yacho kwemasvomhu hwakakungwa.

Panguva Civil Hondo Yefremov akaregera yokuzviparadzanisa pamusoro vezvikepe nemauto munzira kuenda Southern Front. Vladimir, vakanga vamboona kuti ndege chete mumagazini mifananidzo, aigona zvakanaka kufunga kuti "simbi shiri" pachedu uye kunyange mukana kuvabata. Gare gare ichi chiitiko Myasischev anorondedzerwa netsamba dzake. Akataura kuti musangano pamwe ndege akaita kudaro zvisingafi zvakamuorora kuti akafanosarudza yose mugumo.

studentship

Московского Высшего Технического училища . Muna 1920, Vladimir Myasischev akasvika Moscow uye vakapinda zvokuimba mano Moscow Higher Technical School. Iye aibatanidza zvidzidzo vake basa draftsman pa Sci-mutyairi Air Force Banga. Pano akatanga akaedza ruoko basa romubati wakachenjera. Ruzivo ndege design, vakawana pakati basa iri, Vladimir anobatsira yake basa ramangwana.

Chinyorwa chirongwa Myasishcheva akabata dingindira zvose-metal anorwisa. Izvi zvakanga zvaakataura yake zvakagadzirwa basa hauna paaivatambudza zvachose. Mumakore iwayo muSoviet Union yakanga chete zvose-metal ndege svosve-3, ndiye brainchild kuti A. N. Tupoleva. Izvi inosimbisa utsva uye kunzwisisa rakasarudzwa Myasishchev dingindira. Zvisinei, pasinei neizvi, finance yake Vladimir kudzivirira zvinobudirira.

Start basa

Ndapedza Myasischev vakava nhengo Central aero AND-Hydrodynamic Institute. Ake pakarepo foromani pa TsAGI akanga Vladimir Petlyakov, musoro bapiro chikamu. принимал самое активное участие во многих работах. Pano Vladimir akatora Zvinoshingaira mumabasa mazhinji. ТБ 1 и ТБ 3 , а также проектировал для этих самолетов бомбовые отсеки. Akakurukura mapapiro Ndege TB mienzaniso 1 uye 3 TB, uyewo rakagadzirirwa izvi ndege bhomba bay. Uye iyi Myasischev akakwanisa kuzviita sezvo unyanzvi chaizvo mugadziri, kubatanidza mabasa basa nawo tsvakurudzo.

The chipo chitsva

Young mugadziri kufarira basa AN Tupolev. Famous ndege vakauya nesimba uye unyanzvi Myasishcheva kutarisirwa dhipatimendi experimental ndege. , Владимир Михайлович получил задание спроектировать торпедоносец. Kuva nechinzvimbo ichi, Vladimir akapiwa basa kuti vagoronga Avangard. Rakanga wokutanga ndege Myasishcheva. Avangard, wakange vamwe yepakutanga zvakagadzirwa zvinogadzirisa, yave vakabudirira akaedzwa. Zvisinei, mune basa rimwe ndege ndege yakadonha. In Kuvapo iri Avangard rakachengetedzwa kwapera.

nokukwereta ruzivo

века советские конструкторы не могли предложить стране надежные самолеты. Mune 30s remakore rechi20, vagadziri Soviet kukwanisa kupa nyika yakavimbika ndege. самолет DC 3 в Америке. Ipapo hurumende yeSoviet vakasarudza kutenga imwe yepamusoro mutakurwi ndege DC 3 America. magadzirirwo ayo angashandiswa zviviri munzira - mufambi uye zvifambiso. VM Myasischev akapinda basa ndivo ndege, uye ipapo akanzi kudzidza vanodhirowa ndege uye shanduro padiki kuti arşive. Zvisinei, nyaya haina ruchapera.

Makore mujeri

тюрьмой. Muna 1938 Myasischev akasungwa uye akaisa namaapuro hofisi rakavharwa, nejeri. этого места – ЦКБ 29 НКВД . Zita pamutemo munzvimbo iyi - 29 CKB NKVD. Bureau Izvi vakasunga ndege vakashanda pakasikwa ndege. Myasischev vaishanda pano pasi rakananga cherechedzo Petlyakova. Kuvaka murwi - akapiwa basa pamberi pavo.

In ezvinhu mujeri izvi zvakaoma, wechipiri ndege Myasishcheva akasikwa - a dzemakomo kumberi bhomba. Basa wakaonekwa nehurumende, izvo akabvumira Vladimir Mikhailovich vakananga zvakagadzirwa muhofisi yake. Uye kare muna 1938, ndakaona chiedza itsva basa chirongwa. Yakanga ndege Myasishcheva - iri kure dzemakomo bhomba DVB-102. New mu ndege iyi aiva munzvimbo shoma:

- pressurized kabhini, umo vezvikepe dzakagara 4;

- nhanhatu mita mukuru bhomba ndikunde;

- pfuti, iro basa rinogona kuitwa ari kure.

Muna 1940, 29 CDB NKVD Myasischev akachinjirwa Omsk vasina kodzero kusiya. The guta rakaramba ndege magadzirirwo kwechokwadi-102. The muchina muenzaniso uyu yokutanga rave yakavakwa kare 1941, kuratidza kumhanya zvakanaka uye kukwirira mumuedzo. Zvishoma kutarisirwa akanga chete kuwanda bhomba kutiza, nokuda iro uye ayo Serial kugadzirwa haana rakatangwa. Zvisinei, hurumende yakati mugadziri basa kuburikidza awarding kwaari State Prize.

Kamwe mutsaona yendege akauraya VM Petlyakov, Myasischev vakaramba nyaya kuti nokuumba svetuka bhomba. Mumakore hondo panguva Kazan fekitari, apo akagadzira vakashanda navo kazhinji pave KB, akasunungurwa anenge gumi okunatsiridza yacho ndege.

Hondo Yapera

Pasinei nokuti kwavo zvibereko basa Myasischev rakanga paakavapa murayiro Suvorov vakabata chinzvimbo chikuru zvayo, Bureau wake emauto akadzingwa mabasa muna 1946. Vladimir Mikhailovich akatanga kushanda sechinhu Dean, achitungamirira Aircraft Department of Moscow Aviation Institute. курс «Конструкция и проектирование самолетов ». Pano akaverenga kuti vadzidzi kosi "Kuvakwa umhare ndege."

Makore basa MAI Myasischev yakatsaurirwa Kurovedza vaduku mainjiniya. Pano akaramba kuita mukuvakwa ndege. urongwa hwake chaiva kugadzira kumberi ndege zvine urongwa bhomba. Nokuti basa rake, akanga akakwezva vadzidzi nokupa navo anodiwa misoro kosi uye dissertations. The zvichiguma Chirongwa akabvumirwa neShumiro Aviation Industry. Myasishcheva akapa kamwe zvakare kuva musoro yavo yakakura.

Kuunza Strategic Ndege

New myasishchev akatanga kuvapo kwayo muna 1951, Vladimir Mikhailovich pakarepo zvekare ose vagadziri naye Ndaishanda mumakore apfuura. The pasi KB chakapiwa ndege chirimwa nhamba 22. Workshops okuwana vaiva Fili.

Myasishchev ndege yakatanga nepfungwa vangasimudzira itsva. Ivo nechokuita aerodynamics uye kuvaka ndege. Saka, muna ndege izvi zvinopa kuti "bhasikoro" kumhara giya. Vaiva mbiri dzinokosha pani pamusoro fuselage uye Racks mbiri duku pamicheto yehombodo wamapapiro. Pasina gore Bureau ari chirimwa vakatumwa anenge 55,000 vanodhirowa.

Test Strategic bhomba

Zvinonzi rimwe zita iri yakagamuchirwa zvose pashure pehondo Myasishcheva ndege, - "M". Wokutanga yakaitwa muna 1952. Muna October, akatora pasi nemiedzo yake yokutanga panhandare yendege navo. Zhukovsky. The nemhinganidzo yakakura chete ndege, iyo hwakagadzwa muna rekodhi nguva (muna 22 months), aiva chinokosha mafuta rinodyiwa. Zvisinei, pfungwa pano yaiva injini yake, iyo yakagadzirirwa CB A. A. Mikulina.

Yokutanga Soviet inokosha ndege bhomba kutanga nendege mudenga, ivo 20/01/1953, nyore vakaputsa kure runway. ndege aya anonzi myasishchev M 4. vezvikepe vakanga nendege navo, akaona kudekara piloting uye ndege - nyore.

Kuvandudza mhando

Pasinei ongororo yakanaka, VM Myasischev haana kugumira ipapo. Akaramba kuvandudzika M 4. Mumwedzi miviri chete, mainjiniya Bureau yake yakatanga akamukumikidza kuti mupudzi kuti vanopfuura zviuru zvinomwe vanodhirowa, vakauya pamwe chete mutsva nadzurudzo pamusoro bhomba. Yakanga ndege Myasishcheva M 3 itsva bhomba kuongorora kwakaitika muchirimo 1956 panguva Banga iri Zhukovsky. Asi mudenga paiva nechinetso basa, uye vakaramba imwe injini. Zvisinei, muedzo mutyairi M. L. magwa anokwasviwa akakwanisa kunyika ndege M3 Myasishcheva ari runway. Pasi, vose matambudziko akakurumidza kuwana uye kupera.

Pashure paizvozvo, ndege M3 Myasishcheva (ona pazasi mufananidzo) akanga mumaoko akatevedzana kugadzirwa. Izvi ndege kwakavandudza aerodynamics uye aiva mukuru bhomba iri USSR.

Ndege chete M 4 akachinjwa pamasikiro ndege uye kushumirwa refueling yose chokufambisa kure avhiyesheni.

Panguva imwe chete riri basa nadzurudzo uye kuvandudzika of hunotovapo Ndege, zvirongwa chokuita kukura nzira dzinokosha avhiyesheni. Rakanga muenzaniso ndege 31 Myasishcheva, uyewo 32 uye 34.

Modifications 31 uye 31 vari bhomba rine transonic kutiza nokukurumidza. Model 32 ndiyo supersonic. M Plane 34 vakatora chemhando kutiza unhu. Its kunonyanyisa zvinogoneka kumhanya kutiza - 1350 makiromita paawa.

kuti zvidzidzo zvose kunze mabasa aya, akava hwaro zvinoshamisa basa myasishchev kukudziridza supersonic chombo "Buran-40".

mutakurwi senga

Panguva imwe chete pakusikwa emauto Ndege KB VM Myasishcheva aidaro dzichiri ndege rugare. Zvinosuruvarisa purojekiti magadzirirwo hofisi iyi mufambi ndege haina kugamuchira pakuzadzisa.

Ndege 50 M

Uyezve, hurumende yeSoviet akatuma Vladimir Mikhailovich idzva basa. Yakanga ndege Myasishcheva M 50, uyo akava supersonic zvine urongwa bhomba. Asati nguva ichi chinhu mhando kunyange projected munyika avhiyesheni.

Ndege M 50 aiva mukuru mwero kushandisa michina management, izvo kwakaderedza nhamba vashandi maviri. Zvino mamwe bhomba zvakazoonekwa akabudirira chaizvo. The chete simba panzvimbo yaiva injini. Panguva iyoyo vari USSR, chinokosha ichi ndege haina kuva vanokwanisa yakakwana, akavimbika uye upenyu hurefu. Uyezve, injini zvose kugadzirwa munyika vakapedza zvakawanda mafuta. Handina kuwana munhu akakodzera chikwata nendege Myasischev, uye ndege dzayo M 50 havana kukwanisa kusvika supersonic akurumidze. Izvi kwaiva chikonzero chikuru nokuda yepamusoro akaitwa Vladimir Mikhailovich akavharwa. Ndege M 50 rave kushandiswa experimental zvinangwa. Akasangana ose zvakagadzirwa. Last nguva M 50 akabvisa panguva uto achimisa muna Tushino. Pakarepo mushure kuti ndege akanga muruoko Monino miziyamu kweguta.

Chimwe chirongwa chinoshamisa chakanga myasishchev supersonic bhomba M 52. Zvisinei, sezvo muzvirevo nyaya, ndege iyi haina kuwanikwa zvakakodzera kuti injini yayo unongotaura. Mudenga iri bhomba uye haana kumuka.

Manual mutyairi wendege chirimwa

Muna 1967, Vladimir Mikhailovich akanga akamirira mutsva basa. It achibvumirana pambiru Chief of experimental muchina-kuvaka chirimwa, kurimwa vanokwanisa iri muguta Zhukovsky. Pane ine CB duku iro Myasischev reassembles magadzirirwo chikwata. этого Владимир Михайлович взялся за разработку стратегического сверхзвукового многорежимного бомбардировщика. pashure chete kuti Vladimir akatora kukura kuva inokosha multi-rudzi supersonic bhomba. In kufanana yayo CB dzakafanana mabasa anoitwa mapoka PO Sukhoi uye A. N. Tupoleva.

Myasishchev dzave dzichitaurwa vangasimudzira itsva bapiro redunhu ane shanduka kutsvaira. Kare, paiva kwakadaro namaapuro mhinduro iri ndege P. O. Suhova uye American yokutevedzera. Zvisinei, shanduro zvose yapfuura vakambova pfupi chaizvo deflectable chikamu bapiro. The purojekiti zvakare V. M. Myasischeva pevamwe vose. Izvi magadzirirwo mhinduro aishandiswa A. N. Tupolevym. Pashure aibudirira chaizvo chaiva kuti akagadzira Myasischev. самолета Владимира Михайловича . The Tu-160 pakupedzisira kuvakwa pahwaro Vladimir Mikhailovich ndege anenge zvachose.

BEMZ inotungamirirwa Myasishcheva ave akagadzira uye vakavaka ndege kuparadza Balloons vari stratosphere. , способный развивать скорость до семисот километров в час , поднимаясь на высоту до двадцати двух тысяч метров. Yakanga ndege M 17, vaikwanisa aimhanya mazana manomwe makiromita paawa, achifumira kuti nekukwirira makumi maviri nezviviri mamita.

chipo An chinokosha kukura avhiyesheni

Vladimir Mihaylovich Myasischev akaenda kubaya chete amborohwa makwara. Munhu vaine ushingi engineering michina chipo kufanoona, akanga unyanzvi hukuru hwesangano, pavanoteka ayo kujairika dambudziko chikwata yose KB.

Mhinduro kumubvunzo wokuti kuyera mupiro wacho akagadzira iri avhiyesheni kare, unogona kuwana pashure pokuona firimu "Myasischev, ndege wandei uye zvose upenyu" (2010).

Mumwe nomumwe mabasa Vladimir Mikhailovich aiva budiriro chaiyo mune ramangwana. Uye, pasinei nokuti vakawanda mabasa kusvikira pakuguma chaitwa mashomanana, ndege nerimwe Myasishcheva akapinda nhoroondo avhiyesheni yedu.

Vladimir akafa 14/10/1978 kupeta mwedzi pashure semidesyatishestiletiya ake. Vanopfuura hafu yezana remakore akapa Myasischev avhiyesheni. Mumakore rakachengetedzwa vazvinorimirwa vadzidzi vakawanda vakakodzera. Vazhinji vavo, uye nhasi anoramba kushanda avhiyesheni.

Creative basa Vladimir Mikhailovich inonyatsoratidza kuti ruzivo vagadziri, asi matauriro ake kuti utungamiri inogona muenzaniso vaya nhasi misoro pakutsvakurudza uye kukura nemasangano.