Ndeipi denga guru kupfuura mamwe ose munyika? Chokwadi chinonakidza pamusoro perenje guru

Masango ane nzvimbo dzakasikwa, anozivikanwa nenzvimbo dzakadzika, nzvimbo shomanana yemaruva kana kusakwana kwayo. Kakawanda vanove nemhuka chaiyo. Masango anogona kuva sandy, stony, clayey uye solonchak. Chando (arctic) chiri kure. Maererano nemhando yevhu uye ivhu, kune mapfumbamwe emarudzi, uye maererano nemhepo yakasvibira, matatu.

Sahara

Ndeipi denga guru kupfuura mamwe ose munyika? Kune vakawanda vavo panyika. Asi chaizvoizvo chikuru pakati pavo haisi zvakawanda. Uye guru guru guru munyika yose iSahara. Iko iri kuchamhembe kweAfrica. Nharaunda yaro inopfuura 8.5 mamiriyoni mita mamita. Km. Iyo inenge inenge 1/3 yenyika. Pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu akaipa, nharaunda yaro imusha kune vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni maviri. Asi zvakadaro huwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu hunoderera pasi pose. Vanhu vazhinji vanogara munharaunda yaro ndiBerbers naTuaregs.

Zera reSahara Desert

Vanhu vashomanana vanoziva kuti gwenga iri rakawanda "duku" kupfuura vanhu vakawanda vanotenda. Zvinowanzogamuchirwa kuti Sahara ichishanu nehafu yenguva yemakore. Masayendisiti akasimbisa kuti makore 6000 akapfuura iyi denga "yakararama" - yakanga ine miti, minda nemakungwa akawanda. Asi nekufamba kwenguva yakachinja. Maererano nekutsvakurudza kwemazuva ano kwevanhu vesayenzi, vazhinji vanofarira kutenda kuti Sahara "yakasiiwa" chete 2.7 zviuru zvemakore apfuura.

Territorial "highlights"

Kune nyika dzakawanda muSahara - Libya, Egypt, Morocco, Morocco, Chad, Niger, Sudan uye Western Sahara. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti nzvimbo yerenje haina kugadzikana. Inogara ichichinja. Kubva ma satelliti akagamuchira dambudziko rekuti Sahara rinowedzera kana kuwedzera.

Inoda kuziva chokwadi pamusoro peSahara

Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzerenje iri zuva raunogona kupisa mazai pane jecha rinopisa, uye usiku pakarepo ipapo thermometer inogona kuenda kunodarika gumi. Saka, mumazana emakore akapfuura, vatengesi vemabhizimisi vaifamba nomurenje chete usiku, uye masikati vakaputsa matende ndokuzorora.

Mukuwedzera kune ruzivo rwemazuva ose pamusoro peSahara, pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinofadza. Iyo inewo imwezve nhengo - iyi ndeimwe yezvishoma zvishoma nzvimbo dzisingashamisi pasi pano, uko kushaya kwekudenga kwakakwirira kupfuura kupenya: muhuwandu - kubva muna 2000 kusvika 5000 mm / 100 mm.

Pasi peSahara igungwa guru riri pasi pevhu, iro rakakura kudarika Lake Baikal, uye maoase aripo chaizvo nekuda kweiyo. Shanga mugwenga haisi yakawanda - 1/5 chete, uye imwe nzvimbo yacho yakafukidzwa nematombo emadziro, uye zvishoma-jecha uye shongwe uye shongwe yakareba wastelands.

Chifukidziro chejecha chegwenga chiri mamiriyoni 150 muhupamhi, uye yakawanda sejecha dunes yakafanana pakukwirira kweEiffel Tower. Uye kana vanhu vose vachizobvisa jecha reSahara, ipapo mumwe nomumwe wavo achava nemabhiriketi anopfuura mamiriyoni matatu.

Mhepo ine simba iri kuramba ichivhuvhuta murenje. Kwegore rose kune masere makumi maviri asingaverengeki mazuva. Khamsin - imwe yemhepo ine mukurumbira murenje, inoshandurwa se "makumi mashanu", iyo inoratidza kuti inokurumidza kukurumidza sei. Zvinofadza, izvi zvinopindirana nemhepo yeEgipita, iyo inotora mazuva akawanda.

Mirages

Denga guru kupfuura dzose munyika rine chimwe chinoshamisa-mirages, iyo yaimbofungidzirwa kuti inomuka chero ipi, asi inosvika pakuti ine nzvimbo yekusingaperi. Uye nhasi nanhasi pane kadhi chaiyo yavanoshandiswa.

Zvinonakidzawo kuti panguva imwechete tsanangudzo yakazara yekutsvaira panzvimbo ino inopiwa - imba yamambo, tsime, makomo emakomo, oasis, nemiti yemichindwe. Mumwe nomumwe wavo, chaizvoizvo, anogara aripo. Gore roga roga, vanochengetwa kusvika ku 160 mamiriyoni. Riraira inogona kuva nezvimwe zvingasarudzwa - kusvetuka, kumira, kugadzikana uye kusina kumira.

Fora nemhuka dzeSahara

Pakati pemiti pano, kunyanya, semiti-shrub uye shrub inowanikwa. Kurutivi rwezasi kune ephemeroids uye ephemerals. Mhuka dzinofamba nokukurumidza, nekwanisi yekucheka jecha (ine bvudzi rinoputika pamapapiro avo, claws, setae).

Denga guru pane rose rinozivikanwa kune nzvimbo inonzi Valley of Death. Inofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo inotyisa uye inonyanyisa nzvimbo pasi.

Pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu akaipa, mhando dzakawanda dzemaruva nemhuka dzinogara muSahara: 545 mbeu, 12 amphibians, 13 hove (mumakungwa eoasis), uye zvinodarika makumi mapfumbamwe nemamera uye zvinokambaira.

Masango makuru enyika: anokuvadza uye ane ngozi

Sahara handiyo chete gwenga guru munyika, kune anenge akaenzana naro. Kune mapoka mapfumbamwe makuru pasi redu. Zvose zvavo zviduku munzvimbo yakasiyana neSahara, asi maererano nezvimwe zvacho - zvakawanda. Panyika imwe neimwe mune mumiririri akafanana wenharaunda yacho.

Denga guru pane rose mushure mekunge Sahara iArabia. Nharaunda yaro iri 2 330 000 square meters. M. Uye inotora nzvimbo yeEgypt, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Jordan neSiria. Chaizvoizvo, iyi gwenga haigari munharaunda nekuda kwemhepo ine simba uye mhepo ine mhepo, uye kuchinja kwekushisa pano kune zvakakura. Mune jecha, zamai anokwanisa kubikwa mumaminitsi gumi chete. Uye usiku, kunyange kubva kunotonhora, kunyange matombo anoparadza.

Gwenga reGobi rinowanikwa munyika dzeChina neMongolia. Bert akatanga kubva kumakomo eAltai. Nharaunda yaro ndiyo 166 000 sq. M. Km. Kana iwe ukashandura zita rayo, ichaita se "nzvimbo isina mvura".

Gwenga reAustralia ndiro rinotevera guru (647,000 sq. Km.) Guru guru renyika. Iko pano kuti iwe unogona kusangana nematare anozivikanwa matsvuku, ayo akareba kusvika mamita makumi mana.

Kalahari mukushandura "inonakidza". Nharaunda yaro ine mazana matanhatu emakiromita mita. Km. Asi nzvimbo yacho iri kuramba ichiwedzera, kutora nharaunda yeBotswana, Angola, Zambia neZambia.

Karakum zvinoreva "sande dema". Nharaunda yaro i 350,000 square meters. Km. Kureba kwemakumbo kunogona kusvika mamita makumi matanhatu. Iyi gwenga iri mune vazhinji veTurkmenistan. Nemhaka yezvinomera zvisingawaniki ipapo, vanhu vomunharaunda vakazvienzanisa sekudyisa kwemombe.

Takla-Makan iri muCentral Asia, nharaunda yaro 337 600 sq. Km. Km. Ikoko muna 2008, kwete kungoona kutonhora kwakadzika kwazvo, asi kunyange chando chando!

Vanhu vazhinji vanozvibvunza kuti jedheni ndechipi chikuru pakati pemunyu. Inogona kupindurwa kuti Salar-da-Uyuni inofungidzirwa kuva mukuru munyika yose. Munharaunda yaro munyu inofungidzirwa mumabhiriyoni ematani. Uye achipfuura mvura, achiiputsa, shandura gwenga kuva girazi huru.

Atacama ndiyo dambudziko guru muChile. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo yakanyanyisa zvikuru pasi pano. Zvirimwa, zvisinei, zvakakwanisa kuchinja, zvakagadzira nzira dzavo dzekugara munzvimbo ino. Kana kusanaya, vanoramba kunyange mabasa ekuberekwa nekukura.

Antarctica ndiyo gwenga guru munyika yose, rinosanganisira ice. Nharaunda yaro inopfuura mamiriyoni 14 emamita mita. Km. Uye zvinoshamisa kuti iyi ndiyo gwenga iyo inonzi inzvimbo inonyanyisa pasi pose. Ikoko kune tsanangudzo - yose inonaya "inodonha kunze" inotonhora, uye kunaya kuno hakuna kudarika 4 cm pagore. Uye muna 1983 hupenyu hwakaratidzwa nekushisa kwahwo kuderera-89 degrees Celsius.