Ndeipi dielectric kuramba ari svikiro

Vachiri kuchikoro zvidzidzo wefizikisi mudzidzisi, kutaura zvemagetsi mananara, anotsanangura chii ari dielectric kuramba ari svikiro. Mune ramangwana, kana mukuru wokupupura hauna ukama magetsi engineering, musoro wenyaya akanga akanganwa zvakanaka. Pepa ichi, isu kuyeuka chii chiri seri tsanangudzo iyi.

Kazhinji, nokuti tsanangudzo rokuti "dielectric kuramba ari svikiro" Kazhinji vaiona muenzaniso capacitor ane mahwendefa sandarara. Kumiririra nyore capacitor yaiva vacuüm it. Kuona kukosha kwezvinhu yemagetsi vebasa :

Qv = (U * S * EV) / D,

apo D - chinhambwe pakati mahwendefa, U - voltage, S - nharaunda nendiro, vara - dielectric. rusingaperi. Ekupedzisira iri bhuku mutengo, ndicho dielectric kuramba ari svikiro pasina mhepo (vacuum) uye akaenzana 8.85 10 -12 Farad dhigirii pa mita.

Asi capacitors kupatsanura ndiro svikiro kungava kwete chete Vacuum, asi zvimwe dielectric zvinhu. Zviri pachena, iyi kana dielectric kuramba ari svikiro rakasiyana «EV» Naizvozvo, nokuchengeta zvinosiyana. Kana capacitor zvakabatana ndimo electromotive simba, kukosha vebasa Panhivi inova Qz. The dielectric kuramba mashoko ndiyo nhamba vebasa Qz condenser ndiro chokuita mhosva panyaya Vacuum Qv, i.e.

E = Qz / Qv.

Zvakajeka divi vasipo. Powered condenser zvinoda simba kubva kupi.

Kutaura zvazviri, ndiye hama dielectric kuramba kuti svikiro. Zvinoratidza kangani kunyatsoita zvinoderedza mutariri kudyidzana akaparadzaniswa pedyo dielectric, sezvo ichienzaniswa mahwendefa vacuüm it. Unogonawo kutaura kuti uyu ndiye mumwe zvechadenga zvinhu.

Kana kuunganidza mutariri Panhivi simba nerubatsiro anomiswa, pane zvakasiyana kutanga. Uchisiya voltage, uye somugumisiro, zvinoderedza yemagetsi munda zvikuru. Sei?

Chero zvinhu ine kwemaatomu pamwe maerekitironi orbiting chete nuclei. Kana yemagetsi munda kuparadzirwa kunoitika neimwe mutakuri morekuru zviri polarity of kwokunze chiito - Yaunoti polarization akaita dipole. Izvi E-mail yake chitarisiko. Acho anogona kuva polar uye nonpolar mamorekuru. Kana tanga Morekuru iri nezvatinovavarira maererano munda (voltage), uyewo dipoles caster, hama permittivity iri nani kumusoro. The kukosha permeability kazhinji kupfuura 100 dzakabatana. Kana yechipiri (non-polar mamorekuru), kunyange nokuda chiito dzesango dipoles vari kuumbwa, chikamu simba vakapedza kuramba kwavo spatial configuration, zvisinei seasingakoshi permeability uye kashoma kukasapfuura 5 dzakabatana. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti gaseous fuma nguva dzose ane yakaderera permeability nokuda vashoma mamorekuru por Unit vhoriyamu, zvisinei kwavo rwokuzvarwa mamiriro.

Nokuti Inonyanya dielectric zvinhu permeability Data anopiwa mune dzazvinogara matafura, saka kana kuita Masvomhu hapana zvakaoma tsanangudzo achida ukoshi. Sezvineiwo, mhepo ine permeability 1 chikwata. Ndokusaka muna capacitors vanoshandisa akasiyana mamwe dielectric rukoko -. Ceramics, Mika, Paraffin, etc. zvinhu zvose izvi, ane yepamusoro permeability, kuwedzera kukosha vaunganidza vebasa Panhivi. Nemamwe mashoko, capacitance zvinogona kugadziridzwa kwete chete nenzira mahwendefa nzvimbo, asi kupatsanura pavo mifananidzo. Champions pakati zvinhu dzakakwirira permeability vari Ceramics (80) uye mvura ndakanatswa nouipi (zvinenge 81).