Ndezvipi mazororo echihedheni?

Tisati kutaura pamusoro mhemberero dzamadzitateguru edu, zvichida, ndiko kubata chaizvo pfungwa "zvechihedheni." Inonzwisisika dudziro iri izwi zvino masayendisiti kuedza kwete kupa. Kare zvakanzi vaifungidzira kuti kwaita pfungwa "zvechihedheni" ano vanhu vanofanira Testamende Itsva. Umo Chechi kwechiSlavonic shoko "iazytsy" kunoenderana pfungwa "mamwe marudzi", kureva, aiva chitendero chakasiyana echiKristu. Historians uye nyanzvi dzemitauro vanodzidza necheSalvic tsika, tenda kuti zvinoreva rinoera pfungwa iyi iri rekare necheSalvic shoko "yazhichestvo" izvo mumutauro ano zvingadai kwainge "uzychestvo", kureva kuremekedza ukama, mhuri uye ropa zvakatadzisa. Madzibaba edu vakaita kuvhunduka panguva imwe vaitire ukama matayi, nokuti vaiona pachavo chikamu zvose, uye naizvozvo hama Mother Nature uye zvose zvayo kuratidzwa.

zuva

Pantheon vanamwari, zvakare, kwaibva zvakasikwa, uye mazororo echihedheni akanga mukana kukudza uye kuratidza kuremekedza zvakakodzera kuti mauto aya. Kufanana nevamwe vanhu vekare, Slavs vainamata zuva nokuda Zvinovheneka kunobva chaizvo urongwa yokupona, saka huru okuberekwa kwakanga vakazvipira chinzvimbo chake mudenga uye kuchinja anokonzerwa urongwa uhwu.

Rechihedheni kwezuva mhemberero

Ancient Slavs vaigara zuva pakarenda, izvo unoenderana nzvimbo zuva hama kune zvimwe zvinhu zvokudenga. Year rinowanikwa kwete mazuva, nepamakona mana makuru nyeredzi dzine chokuita Sun: kwezuva muchando, ari Vernal rinenge riine, zhizha kwezuva, yechando rinenge riine. Nokudaro, mukuru mitambo yechihedheni kwakanga kwakabatana dzinongoitika kuchinja munguva isinganzwisisiki gore.

Huru necheSalvic mazororo

Ancient Slavs akatanga gore itsva Vernal rinenge riine. Ichi nemhemberero huru wokukunda yechando aiva zita Komoeditsa. Mutambo kuna zhizha kwezuva, rainzi Day Kupayly. The yechando rinenge riine kupemberera zororo Veresen. The Mhemberero chikuru yechando yaiva kwezuva muchando - yechihedheni zororo Kolyada. The zvina zororo chikuru amadzitateguru edu zvakatsaurirwa kuna Sun zimukadzimu, kuti anochinja zvichienderana nenguva yokuongorora zvomuchadenga gore. Deifying chiedza uye kupa unhu hwevanhu, Slavs aidavira kuti Sun zvichisiyana rose gore, sezvo munhu muupenyu hwake. Zvisinei, kusafanana yokupedzisira, mwari kufa usiku pamberi zuva kubuda kwezuva munguva yechando, mangwanani rinobuda zvakare.

Kolyada, kana Yule, kudzoka

Kutanga muchadenga chando, nomutambo wechihedheni guru kwezuva muchando kuna Kwemitambo Sun, izvo kuzvibatanidza mwana, akaberekwa mambakwedza nomusi kwezuva muchando (December 21). Celebration yakatora kwemavhiki maviri ndokutanga guru Yule musi 19 December. Krisimasi Sun akaunganidza zvose hama, n'anga omoto unozvidzinga kure mweya yakaipa uye kukuratidza nzira kuunganidza vaitamba mutambo vakokwa mabiko. Pausiku kuzvarwa patsva ehondo zuva zvakaipa aigona kuva kushingaira kunyanya nokuda pakati rufu rekare uye kuberekwa Sun Svetovita idzva Kolyada aiva mashiripiti usiku kuti kurega kunotanga. Zvaidavirwa kuti avanosangana otherworldly mauto namadzibaba edu anogona, vakaungana kuti mafaro.

Usiku ihwohwo, vakuru Slavs ndakaubatidza tsika omoto kubatsira zuva aberekwe. Vakachenesa mune dzimba uye necheseri, akageza uye vakauya akazvifukidza kumusoro. Uye moto vakapisa ose akare uye basa, yokufananidzira uye chaizvoizvo ndichipfeka kubvisa mutoro kare, kuti tichingamidze mangwanani zuva chakamuka yokunatswa uye kuvandudzwa. Achiri zvikuru kusimba yechando zuva rinonzi Kolyada (dzinovaraidza rinobva kuna Kolo, kureva denderedzwa) uye takafara kuti zuva roga roga uchamera, uye zuva uchatanga kuwedzera. Mitambo yakaramba pakarenda redu kusvikira ravira musi January 1st.

Magic usiku Yule

Kupfuura nakisisa uye zvemashiripiti Slavs yekare, uyewo vanhu ano, vaiona wegumi usiku Yule (December 31 kusvika January 1) uye vachengeta wake varaidza kuzvivanza, nziyo uye vachitamba. It akapukunyuka kusvikira nhasi, kwete chete tsika mafaro kuti usiku, asi zvakawanda. Modern rebyatnya achifara vakamirira mwari wechihedheni Santa Claus, apo Slavs yekare inonzi kuti kushanya, kuti vafadze uye kudzivirira saka zvirimwa zvavo kubva kuoma nechando. Kugadzirira mazororo Gore Idzva, vanhu nhasi munoshongedza Christmas muti pamwe zviedza pamukova yakanamatira Christmas emimbure, uye chinonhuhwira tafura kazhinji akarara zvakamirira evästeet nemakeke muchimiro matanda, nechivimbo uchitenda kuti tsika Christmas muKristu uyu. Kutaura zvazviri, vanenge vose unhu akakweretwa kubva yechihedheni Yule. In yechando nokutambidzwa mazororo echihedheni - Christmas nguva uye Kolyadnye Kukudza vakadzi. Vakanga achiperekedzwa nziyo, nokupembera, mitambo uye Christmas kushopera. Mumazana Kupemberera vanhu vakarumbidza wechidiki zuva sechiratidzo yakanakisisa tsamwisa uye hutsva.

Komoeditsa

Vernal rinenge riine Day (20-21 March) mutambo yakatsaurirwa kuna pakutanga New Year, musangano kwematsutso uye kukunda pamusoro kwechando. With karenda chechi, yava kuzivikanwa Carnival yave kutambwa pamwe veMubatanidzwa chiKristu uye vakatamira munguva pakutanga kwegore. Komoeditsa wechihedheni yaipembererwa kwevhiki mbiri, mumwe pamberi Vernal rinenge riine, mumwe gare gare. Panguva ino, iyo Slavs vaichengeta akasimba uye kuwedzera zuva. Kubudirira zita rake pauduku Kolyada ari Jari, zuva-mwari akanga atova simba zvokugona kunyunguduka chando uye kumutsa kubva chando hope hunhu.

Kukosha zororo guru madzitateguru edu

Munguva kupemberera madzitateguru edu vakapisa effigy muchando, nokuti kazhinji kwete chando chete, asiwo nzara. Kana tsime achisiya kutya muenzaniso kutonhora nzufu chando. Kuti afadze chitubu zvirimwa uye nechokwadi nyasha dzake, thawed mumunda runofarira vakaisa kubva zvipenga pai sezvo vaitire muchirimo uye namai. On mitambo yezororo Slavs nezvaaigona zvokudya zvinovaka muviri kuti uwane simba kushanda inodziya mwaka. Achicherechedza chitubu dzechihedheni New Year mazororo, ndivo mitambo inotambwa vachitenderera, kunonakidza uye akagadzirira kuti dzokuzvinatsa zvibayiro Pudding tafura - Pancakes, akabata chimiro chayo uye ruvara nowenyika yechirimo zuva. Sezvo Slavs akararama maererano zvakasikwa, ivo akaremekedza wake kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Bere yaiva mhuka anoremekedzwa uye kunyange anonamatwa, saka muna kupemberera kwematsutso kuti zvibayiro dziri Pancakes. Zita Komoeditsa kunewo chokuita bere, ayo madzibaba edu akadana munhu, saka achiti "wokutanga Pancakes Comas" uye naizvozvo aida nemabheya.

Kupayla kana Kupala

Zhizha kwezuva (June 21) anopemberera zuva-mwari - ane simba uye azere simba Kupaylu, nemupi wokubereka uye goho rakanaka. Ichi chikuru zuva, musoro muchadenga dzechihedheni mazororo chirimo uye ndiko kutanga kwezhizha pamusoro zuva pakarenda. The Slavs vakafara uye kuva nenguva yakanaka, nokuti nhasi vavanogona kutandara kubva basa rakaoma uye nokukudza zuva. People mitambo inotambwa vachitenderera mumoto chitsvene, akakwakuka kuburikidza nawo, saka Yakanatswa, yashambidzwa murwizi, mvura kunyanya hunorapa kuti zuva. Vasikana akashamiswa aienda dzavo uye kurega mvura nezvishongo makwenzi uye maruva zvezhizha. Yakashongedzwa maruva uye RIBBONS Birch - muti nokuda kwayo akanaka uye akasvibirira kushongedzwa raiva chiratidzo chokubereka. On nhasi, pakaitwa kuporeswa simba zvose zvinhu. Kuziva chii mhemberero dzechihedheni chokuita mashiripiti zvakasikwa, Magi musi Kupala stocking mhando dzose miti, maruva, midzi, manheru uye dova mangwanani.

Magic mashiripiti usiku

NecheSalvic Magi akaita tsika zhinji kuwana nzvimbo Kupayly. Mashiripiti usiku vaidzivisa fork munda, singsong iverengwe rangano nemweya yakaipa uye akadana akapfuma yokukohwa. On Kupala madzibaba edu aida kuwana mashiripiti Fern ruva kuti Anotumbuka usiku huno chete nakisisa anogona kushanda zvishamiso uye kubatsira kuwana pfuma. A yakawanda chevarwere dzechembere chokuita kutsvaka ruva Fern musi Kupala, kunoreva akatakura chinhu mazororo mashiripiti dzechihedheni. Chokwadi, tinoziva kuti uyu chirimwa rekare hakuiti anotumbuka. A sokupenya vakagamuchira Schastlivtsev kuti mashiripiti maruva kwakakonzera phosphorescent zvinenge dzimwe nguva dziripo Fern mashizha. Asi akaita usiku uye kutsvaka achava chero zvishoma inonakidza?

Veresen

Festival vakazvitsaurira kuna yechando rinenge riine (September 21), pakupera kokuchekwa uye kutanga isinganzwisisiki kwematsutso. Mhemberero yevhiki mbiri, yokutanga rinenge riine (Indian Summer) - iyi, zvibereko akanga dzaona uye vakaronga kuparadzwa kwayo kune ramangwana. Wechipiri - mushure yechando rinenge riine. Panguva dzemazororo izvi, madzitateguru edu akanga kukudzwa uye akachenjera kuchembera zuva chiedza, tenda mwari kuti chorupo kukohwa uye kuita tsika zvinotevera gore rakanga yakaorera. Kuonana kuwa uye vanopedza zhizha, Slavs akapisa moto uye mitambo inotambwa vachitenderera, vadzimwa mudzimba dzavo nomoto mutana uye akabatidza itsva. Ivo yakashongedzwa imba zvisote zvezviyo uye akabika kuti mutambo tafura zvakasiyana siyana makeke kubva kukohwewa chirimwa. Mhemberero kwakaitika guru nzira, uye nematafura vakaremedzwa zvokudya, vanhu akatenda saka Svetovita nokuda kwenyu rupo.

nhasi

With veMubatanidzwa chiKristu, tsika dzekare amadzitateguru edu anenge anyangarika, nekuti kazhinji chitendero chitsva akanga zvavakatemerwa harisi shoko rakanaka, asi nomoto uye nomunondo. Asi zvakadaro ndangariro vanhu ndiro simba, uye vamwe tsika uye nechechi mazororo uye asingagoni kuparadzwa, saka ini chete kubvumirana navo kutsiva zvinoreva zita. Chii dzechihedheni mitambo akabatanidzwa muKristu, kuva kuchinja, uye kazhinji dzinofamba pamusoro nguva? Sezvo zvinoitika, zvose mikuru: Kolyada - kuberekwa Sun - 21 December (Christmas Day pashure 4 Mazuva), Komoeditsa - March 20-21 (Shrove Chipiri - Cheese Week, zvakachinja munguva pakutanga kwegore nokuda Easter muLent), Kupayla - June 21, (Ivana Kupala, setsika wechiKristu akasungirirwa zuva rokuberekwa Ivana Krestitelya). Veresen - 21 September (Dzokuberekwa of cheTheotokos). Saka, pasinei remakore rapfuura uye kuchinja chitendero, chizvarwa necheSalvic mazororo, kunyange ari dzakachinjwa chimiro, asi vanoramba vachirarama, asi vanogona kusimbisa munhu ane hanya munhoroondo vanhu vake.