Ndiani akanyora Tenzi naMargarita? Nhoroondo yeruzivo "Master naMargarita"

Pasinei nokuti iyo inoverengeka yakanyorwa kare kare uye ibasa rekare, rinenge richizivikanwa zvikuru nezera duku. Kutenda purogiramu yechikoro, inenge munhu wose anoziva ino ino uye iye akanyora. "Tenzi naMargarita" - nhoroondo yakagadzirwa nemunyori mukuru, Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov.

Kwete-kusava nehanya nheveli

Iko kune avo vasina hanya nevanhu maererano nebasa iri. Kutaura zvazviri, vaverengi vakapatsanurwa mumisasa miviri: avo vanoda nhoroondo uye vanoyemura, uye avo vanongorivenga chete, uyewo havazivi genius yeBulgakov. Asi pane chechitatu, chiduku, chikamu. Inogona kuonekwa, zvichida, kune vana vaduku chete. Ava ndivo avo vasina kumbonzwa nezvenyaya ino uye havazivi kuti munyori ndiani.

"Tenzi naMargarita" - iyi ndeimwe yezvishamiso zvikuru uye zvinoshamisa zveprose mabasa. Vanyori vakawanda nevatsoropodzi vezvinyorwa vakaedza kugadzirisa chirabwe chekuzivikanwa kwake uye kubudirira nemudzidzi. Kusvikira mugumo weizvi, hakuna munhu akabudirira.

Kwete zvakawanda iwe unogona kuyeuka nekushevedza mabasa akadaro, izvo zvaizoita kuti aite zvakakakavhiringidza zvakadaro. Nezvinyorwa mubhuku reBulgakov, hazviregi kusvikira nhasi. Vanotaura pamusoro pezvikamu zvebhaibheri zvechirongwa, pamusoro pezviratidzo zvevanhu vanonyanya kutaurwa, pamusoro pemafungiro efilosofi uye anofungidzira emutsamba, pamusoro pekuti ndiani achiri chimiro chikuru, uye kunyange nezvemhando iyo basa rakanyorwa.

Matanho matatu ekunyora inoveli, maererano neBV Sokolov

Mafungiro evanyori vezvinyorwa pamusoro pezvakanyorwa zvekunyora "Master na Margarita", uyewo chinangwa chebasa iri, vakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, Sokolov, munyori webhuku rinonzi Bulgakov's Encyclopedia, anokamura zvinyorwa zvebhuku iri muzvikamu zvitatu. Anoti basa rebasa rakatanga muna 1928. Zvichida, ndiyo ndiyo iyo munyori wenhau inoti "The Master and Margarita" akaitora, uye kunyora zvitsauko chimwe chete zvakatanga muchando cha1929. Mumwaka wegore iroro gore rekutanga rakakwana rakapiwa. Asi zvange zvisati zvanyatsotsanangurwa kuti ndiani munyori webhuku racho, uyo akanyora. "Tenzi naMargarita" kunyange panguva iyoyo havana kuve saiye musoro webasa racho. Ichinyorwa chinonzi "Furybunda" chakapiwa imba yekudhinda "Nedra" pasi pezvinyorwa zvinonzi K. Tugai. Uye musi wegumi nemasere waMarch 1930 yakaparadzwa nemunyori pachake. Izvi zvinopedzisa danho rekutanga rebasa rekunyora, rakapiwa naBris Vadimovich Sokolov.

Nhanho yechipiri yakatanga muvhuro ra1936. Uye panguva iyoyo hakuna munhu aiziva kuti inoverengeka yaizotumidzwa sezvatinoziva. Bhabakov, uyo akanyora, akafunga zvakasiyana. "Ishe naMargarita" ibasa rakagamuchira mazita akasiyana kubva kumunyori waro: "Akaonekwa" uye "Akaonekwa", "Kuuya", "Grand Chancellor", "Ndiri pano", "The Black Magician", "Hasha ine Feather" , "Hoof consultant" uye "Horseshoe wokune imwe nyika", "Mutevedzeri wechechi", uye kunyange "Satani". Musoro mumwechete chete wakaramba usingashanduki: The Fantastic Novel.

Uye, pakupedzisira, danho rechitatu - kubva pahafu yechipiri ya1936 kusvika pakupera kwa1938. Pakutanga iyo inoverengeka yainzi "Muchinda weRima", asi yakabva yawana zita raizivikanwa kwatiri. Uye pakutanga kwezhizha, muna 1938, yakanyorwa zvakare kwekutanga.

Zvose zvakangoitika neruzivo rwekare, Sokolov haasati aona shanduro, asi anoshevedza shanduro yemunyori.

Zvikamu zvepfumbamwe mahofisi, maererano naLosev

V. Losev akadzidza biography nekusika kweMikhail Afanasievich kwemakore anopfuura makumi maviri. Anoparadzanisa nhoroondo yekunyora inoveli kuva mapfumbamwe, semunyori pachake.

• Yokutanga yegwaro - "Black Magician". Aya ndiwo mapeji emutsva, bhuku rekutanga rakanyorwa muna 1928-1929. Haisati tine Tenzi naMargarita, uye kune zvitsauko zvina chete.
• Yechipiri i "Dzvuku rejinjiniya". Ichi ndicho chechipiri mabhuku ekunyora emakore akafanana. Izvi zvakafanana nekuenderera mberi, chikamu chechipiri chekutanga pebasa. Pane zvitsauko zvitatu chete mairi, asi pakanga pane gadziriro yeimwe yezvinyanya kukosha munyaya ino-chikamu chinonzi "Evhangeri yaWoland".
• Chechitatu "Manheru eSabata rinotyisa." Zvinyorwa, mifananidzo yebhuku, yakanyorwa muna 1929-1931. Panewo zvitsauko zvitatu. Uye kusvikira shanduro yekupedzisira yavo yakasvika chete iyo nyaya muGriboyedov.
• Yechina - "Guru Chancellor". Yechikamu chekutanga chekanyorwa. Pano ikozvino pane Margarita uye mudiwa wake. Asi zita rake harisi Mudzidzisi, asi nyanzvi.
• Chechipiri - "Inonakidza inovhura." Aya ndiwo zvitsauko zvakanyorwa zvakare uye zvakapedzwa muna 1934-1936. Iko kune zvitsva zvitsva, asi hapana hunokosha hunochinja.
• Yechitanhatu ndiyo Golden Spear. Ichi chinyorwa chisina kupera chakagurwa pamusoro we "Magic Money".
• Yechinomwe - "Muchinda weRima." Zvitsauko gumi nezvitatu zvekutanga. Nhoroondo yerudo rwaTenzi naMargarita haisi pano, uye kazhinji zvinhu zvose zvinoputika pakuonekwa kwechimiro chikuru. Berlioz anonzi Mircev pano.
• Yechisere chikamu ndiTenzi naMargarita. Nyaya yakakwana uye yakakura yemagwaro e1928-1937. Uye yakanga iri iyi shanduro yakadhindwa nehanzvadzi yaElena Bulgakova Olga Bokshanskaya.
• Yepfumbamwe zvakarewo Tenzi naMargarita. Ndiyo yekupedzisira uye yekupedzisira shanduro, kusanganisira zvose zvinyorwa zvatsva nezvakataurwa naMikhail Afanasyevich. Yakanga yakadhindwa mushure mekufa kwemunyori Elena Sergeevna, mudzimai wake, muna 1966.

Kusiyana kwenhoroondo yeL Belobrovtseva naKulius

Nenzira dzakawanda, shanduro yavo yakafanana neyeLosev, sezvo vanobvumirana zvachose nemutsoropodzi pamusoro pekutanga. Zvisinei, yechipiri shanduro yavanoti musoro webhuku "The Hoof of an Engineer", yakapiwa imba yekudhinda "Nedra". Iko pano iyo kwekutanga kokutanga Tenzi achioneka, anonziwo Fezey. Anotamba chikamu cheFaust kunyange pasina Marguerite. Shanduro yechitatu, maererano neB Belobrovtseva naKulius, ndiyo "Fantastic Novel" yakanyorwa naBulgakov muna 1932, apo Tenzi anotendeuka kubva kuna Fezi kusvika kuPoet uye Margarita atooneka. Vanotora bhuku rechina ra1936, iro rakazopedzwa kwekutanga nezwi "kuguma". Chinotevera chinouya basa ra1937 - inobudiswa nhauri "Prince of Darkness". Uye ipapo iyo yakanyorwa yakadhindwa na OS Bokshanskaya. Iko kugadziriswa kwaro nevanyori kunoonekwa shanduro yechinomwe. Uye yechisere uye yekupedzisira-iyo iyo yaitungamirirwa nemudzimai waBulgakov asati afa uye yakabudiswa mushure mekufa kwake.

Nhau yacho yakabudiswa nenzira iyo yatinoziva nayo, kwekutanga kokutanga mumagazini "Moscow" muna 1966. Basa racho rakabva rawana mukurumbira, uye zita raBulgakov harina kubva pamiromo yevanhu vepanguva. Uye ipapo hapana munhu akanga ane mubvunzo pamusoro pokuti ndiani mubhuku webasa, uyo akanyora. "Tenzi naMargarita" - nhauri yakaita pfungwa huru. Uye iye achiri kuchengetedza cheki.