Nei inonzi saka gymnosperms: STRUCTURAL zvinhu

Mumwe taxon kuti chirimwa ine zvachiri kuti kusiyanisa kubva zororo. Nokuda kwechikonzero hazvibviri kuona maruva uye zvibereko mupaini edza? Gymnosperms Sei vanonzi kudaro? Muchidimbu uye zvakajeka sezvinobvira mibvunzo iyi isu achapindura munyaya ino.

Nei atumidzwa Gymnosperms: Reply

Gymnosperms zvirimwa izvi zvinonzi akakurumbira nyanzvi Andrey Nikolaevich Beketov. Sezvo muvambi Russian nzvimbo zvinomera, akanyora bhuku rokutanga pamusoro systematics. Sign, zvinoratidzwa musoro uku kunyanya mbeu nzvimbo. Vari iri rokubereka zvomukati pachena, "pachena". Kusiyana maruva miti vane mbeu vanodzivirirwa madziro ovary.

STRUCTURAL zvinhu

Life mhando miti izvi dzaimirirwa nemiti kana miti, nekuti dzavo madzinde akaumba jira lateral rokudzidzisa - cambium. Gymnosperms hwakabva hwepamusorosoro spore. Zvisinei, kuti muchangosangana muitiro havachisiri novimba mvura, iyo iri rutivi kunofambira mberi mamiriro. Mashizha gymnosperms vanonzi tsono. Vane tsono-kufanana chimiro, izvo zvinoderedza pemvura iyo mvura runopwa.

Gymnosperms sei saka zita, achiri anotsanangura sechivako ovary pachayo. Iri flake, zvisina kuvanda embryo nechando uye kwemvura.

Pane kubatsira vari gymnosperms?

Vazhinji vanodavira kuti anorovera - ndicho chibereko gymnosperms. Asi pfungwa iyi yakakanganiswa. Chokwadi kuti zvibereko vari aumba chete pashure pokumuka maruva. The zvirimwa, vari vamiririri wedhipatimendi, zvakadai rokubereka nhengo chinoshayikwa. Vari anomiririrwa vechirume pasikweya, umo vose pabonde masero - gametes.

The kwacho kunoitika muna gymnosperms pollination nemhepo. Nokuda hono pasikweya dzisingaoneki kupinda nehadzi, apo muchangosangana kunoitika uye paumbwe mbeu. Kana zvapedzisira akura, chikero pasikweya yakazaruka. Izvi zvinoitika mwedzi chete pashure 18. Panguva iyi unokwanisa kuona pamwe kusimira mbeu ziso, izvo nhema zvakananga pazviyero. Ndicho chikonzero gymnosperms vari atumidzwa. Nokudaro, anorovera vari dzakachinjwa Matavi kushanda dzepabonde kubereka chaitika.

Winter uye chirimo ...

Vana chirahwe pamusoro mbava-muti unozivikanwa vose kubvira pauduku. gymnosperms Most mukasateura mashizha muchando. Sei? Gymnosperms saka ainzi kuti mhando nemamiriro rokubereka zvomukati. Asi kugona kwavo kugara miti yakasvibira chokuita autonomic: mashizha uye hunde. Chokutanga, nokuda chimiro chayo uye duku pamusoro, kudzivirira zvinomera rokurara transpiration.

In yechando, kuti stomata chisimbiso nomudzimu nebwe, yudagodarya izvo iyi kwemvura kushanda anomira. Protection iri nechimwe chokwadi chokuti tsono akafukidzwa cuticle. Asi izvi hazvirevi kuti Gymnosperms handishanduki une mashizha. Tsono anogona kurarama makore 7, uye ipapo kufa uye inotsiviwa vatsva. The chete Kunze ndiko larch. chirimwa ichi ari kuchinja ayo hembe mwaka neimwe.

kupatsanura

Pasinei vanoverengeka nevakawanda zviri muchikamu chino vari makirasi dzakawanda. The kupfuura vakawanda vavo Conifers. Spruce, nemipaini, misipuresi, nemisipiresi, yew there, nemisidhari, larch - mifananidzo vamiririri kirasi. The zita vakapiwa mhando shizha - tsono.

Kirasi Gnetova rinoreva Welwitschia zvinoshamisa. chirimwa ichi pamwe huru mashizha anosvika mamita anoverengeka pakureba. Havana kumbobvira kuwira pasi. Panyaya iyi, Upfu pacharo, iro rinenge zvachose muvhu, hazvisi kuoneka. Welwitschia inokura mugwenga apo mhepo dzose simba. Anoparadza mashizha pamwe, saka vanotarisira zvakafanana nenyoka.

Asi vamiririri veboka Sagovnikovye kuvhiringidzwa kumuchindwe. Dzavo madzinde havasi branching. It kunoratidzwa paine dzakabudirira chinoumba nehuni simba. Sagovnikovyh kana mashizha akawa, madzinde kuramba uri hunde.

Boka anotevera chinomirirwa chete rudzi - bilobed Ginkgo. chirimwa Izvi endemic kuna China uye Japan. Ginkgo rinosvika munhu kukwirira mamita 30, uye dhayamita of dhiramu - matatu uye kuparadzira korona. mashizha akafanana dzinoshandisa aine pataimbozorora pakati. Translated kubva zita Japanese kuti chirimwa ichi chinoreva "Dhadha rutsoka", izvo anoenderana kwavo chimiro. In Mumatsutso mashizha kutendeukira piriviri ruvara, uye ipapo idonhe. Munyika umo inokura Ginkgo, ivo vanoonekwa zvinomera zvitsvene uye kudzivirirwa nomutemo.

Saka, takurukura nei Gymnosperms vari atumidzwa. Chikonzero ichi ndicho nzvimbo kumbeu pazviyero ari rokubereka zvomukati. Havana kudzivirirwa masvingo ovary, uye varipo pachena, pachena. The maitiro zviri zvirimwa izvi kushaya maruva nemichero, nemidziyo ropa mudondo. Pollination mu gymnosperms zvinoitwa nemhepo uye mashizha dzinonzi tsono.