Yalta - Russia kana Ukraine? Yalta, muCrimea. guta Yalta

Yalta pamepu iri kumaodzanyemba kuCrimea kubva Foros kumadokero uye kukwira kusvikira Krasnokamenka kumabvazuva. Guta kuzivikanwa sezvo Spa guru Peninsula, chinokosha mutakurwi uye vezvokutengeserana chiteshi.

History of zita

Guta Yalta, pamusoro inonyanya shanduro, anowana zita rayo kubva pashoko rechiGiriki "Gialos", iro rinoshandurudza se "kumhenderekedzo". Kokutanga musha uyu anotaurwa 1154. Mitsara Polovtsian guta muGungwa Dema akauya kunyorwa vechiArabhu wenhoroondo Al-Idrisi.

Yalta pamepu. Physical uye nzvimbo unhu

The guta iri riri kumaodzanyemba chikamu Crimean kweItari. It inoremekedzwa pamhenderekedzo Yalta Bay, muGungwa Dema. Mukati guta ndiwo makomo Darsan uye kubwinya. Kunyika Yalta iri takapoteredzwa denderedzwagama Makomo Crimean.

General dzisina kukwezvwa anovaraidza vari Vorontsov uye Livadia, akapwanya Greater Yalta (yokupedzisira inosanganisira guta pacharo, Alupka nemisha yakawanda). Kutanga, Vakamanikidza avo anoyevedza saizi. Paaisika pavo zvave zvikuru nemamwe Sora dzimwe zvirimwa.

Climate Features

Uripi muguta Yalta? Panenge panguva iyoyowo Latitude sezvo yakakurumbira Italian plesieroorde kuGenoa uye Ravenna. Inenge 2250 maawa pagore, guta rwakandimbundikira inodziya zuva. Chete chakarurama anozvikudza vakadaro kwoumbozha plesieroorde Mediterranean sezvo San Remo, Nice uye Cannes. City Yalta (kuCrimea) akasiyana okunze, rakafanana subtropical kweMediterranean. The yechando kuchinaya uye nounyoro, chitubu akadzikama, zhizha rava refu uye inopisa, uye yematsutso unodziyirwa uye refu (anonzi Indian zhizha).

Yalta pamusoro Crimean kadhi iri kumbundirwa gungwa uye makomo, iwo ave akavimbika nevanozvitsigira pamhepo inotonhora. Izvi nenzvimbo chinhu chinopa mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka kuti vashanyi.

Yalta (Crimea) ndiro akakurumbira zvikurukuru nokuda kwayo kuzvivaraidza kupfuma. reserves akadai "Cape Marian," Crimean Natural uye Yalta gomo-dondo, zvinopa zvokurapa uye okunze dzisina ukoshi.

mahombekombe

Yalta (mufananidzo weguta dzinoturwa munyaya) ndiyo inozivikanwa zvayo zvinoshamisa mahombekombe. Zvisinei, kwete kuti kare vakanga pasi zvishoma nezvishoma kudzikisirana kunokonzerwa Madhaka. Vanhu vakatanga nemaune ennoble mahombekombe ane emakore mashoma chete apfuura. Saka, yakanga yarongwa pakuvaka ukaramba masvingo, kuchera pemigero vari mugungwa uye backfilling namabwe. Achibatsirwa zvinoyangarara Cranes akagadzawo--tani zana groin, uye pakati pavo vakanga vakaisa mamiriyoni cubic metres muturunhuru. Somugumisiro, vanhu vakadzidza kusika chakagadzirwa mahombekombe, kunyange munzvimbo idzi kuti kare vaiona kukodzera zvachose pakuzvivaraidza.

Fauna, Flora

Yalta Reserve ibhuku rakasiyana nzvimbo, apo inokura zvuru zviviri mhando dzakawanda zvirimwa zvakasiyana. Juniper-nemiouki masango uye kwesha akafukidza zvikomo muguta. Rakajairika Scots nemipaini uye Crimea, uyewo omujunipa, sessile pemioki uye fluffy, Maple, hornbeam, Beech, nemipaini, dogwood, peya uye gomo nedota.

Masango kumhenderekedzo yokumaodzanyemba vari zvikuru mvura kudzivirirwa uye ivhu kuchengetedza ukoshi, saka vari vanoonekwa dzinongoitika reserves uye nokungwarira kurindwa.

The Fauna of kumaodzanyemba Crimean pamhenderekedzo ine chitsuwa hunhu, uye zvakafanana mune mhando kusvika kuMediterranean. Munzvimbo iyi, unogona kuona tsvuku nondo, nemharapara mhembwe, makwai gomo, mouflon, ibwe the marten, nembira, tsindi-Teleut, mhuka musii, Chidembo, gava, tsuro, tyoni, shrew, nechiremwaremwa.

zvipenyu ezvinhu

Chokutanga zvose isu kusarudza wandei huripo matambudziko:

• zvidzidzo dzinenge pfumbamwe paawa (dzimwe nguva nhamba iyi dzakasvikira 1600 hrs.) Of motokari mutoro pamusoro chikuru tikaenda kunoita Yalta masikati muzhizha. Kana yechando mwaka, kwainyanya anokuvadza choutsi mumhepo vanoonekwa boilers, wastewater kurapwa hurongwa, hurumende kunosiya zvakawanda anodikamwa kwemakore akawanda.
• The kunonyanyisa Kuwanda carbon monoxide pamusoro mikuru Simferopol inosvika Mac nhanhatu (kunonyanyisa zvinobvumidzwa wevasungwa), uye pana Yalta Roads - vatatu Mac. Izvi zvingava nokuda kushandisa kbps mafuta.
• Sezvo akasimbisa nyanzvi Yalta dzinenge yepamusoro kaviri kupfuura Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri Kuwanda benzopyrene. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza ezvinhu muguta murombo.
• Muna March 2012, European Bank kuti Zvokuvakazve uye Development akanga dzinounzwa Hryvnia mamiriyoni gumi kuti mazuvaano Yalta sewers kumisa kuerera effluent mumvura kweGungwa Dema. Zvisinei, sezvo vana 2013 guta wastewater kurapwa zvinomera vari mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipa zvikuru achiri. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, yakabatana chengarava riri mahombekombe vari zvakasvibiswa tsvina mvura nguva nenguva.
• April 2012 aizivikanwa rakafara panokurukurwa zvakaipa madhorobha rokuchenesa mumigwagwa matambudziko. Local vagari rakarongeka basa yokuzvidira yavo pamusoro rokuchenesa marara kubva Yalta. Muna September wegore iroro, zviitiko zvakadaro akatangazve, nekuti zviremera zvemo havana kukwanisa kuramba kuchena muguta.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Zvakasara nemisha yekare vagere Crimean nharaunda - Tauri - yawanikwa nevanochera pedyo Simeiz, musi Cape Ai-Todor pamusoro pegomo katsi, uyewo mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Zvinoratidza vakatumirwa anenge kune-rechina nerechishanu emakore BC. Tees vaiva Pirates, vabati vehove, varimi, vavhimi uye nevafudzi. nzira yavo youpenyu anganzi ane Semi.

Maererano nengano, Yalta - guta yakavambwa Greek vezvikepe. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti havana nguva Vaidzungaira rakakura penzvimbo kweGungwa Dema, uye pashure achiona akamirirwa kwenguva refu pamahombekombe, akati: "Gialos" (sezvo muchiGiriki rinoroverera shoko "pamhenderekedzo"). Sezvo idzi uye zita. On mepu uye magwaro XIV remakore. guta riri kunzi Yalita, Gialita, Kallithea uye Etalita.

Yalta - Russia kana Ukraine? It Parizvino runobva kuna Russian Federation, asi muzhizha 1475 muguta, sevamwe Crimea, akanga akabatwa hweOttoman vokuTurkey. South Coast akanga achitaurwa nevanopinda hweOttoman Empire. Muhafu yechipiri yezana remakore rechigumi nemashanu kukavapo kudengenyeka kwenyika kwakasimba, izvo vakaparadza Yalta. makumi manomwe chete makore pamusoro dzakaparadzwa nzvimbo vakatanga kugadzirisa vokuArmenia uye navaGiriki. Vanyori venhoroondo vanofunga kuti zvakanga panguva iyoyo nyika yakanga yakatarwa achiri akashandisa zita.

Yalta - Russia kana Ukraine? Kunyange 1783, muCrimea yakava chikamu Russian Empire. Izvi zvakaitika somugumisiro vakawanda Resettlement kwevaKristu Crimean muna Gungwa Azov muna 1778 uye kuenda kumwe of Crimean Tatars kuTurkey. Apo Yalta aiva musha chiduku yakanyarara hove.

namapfumbamwe remakore

Gavhuna-General wenyika Novorossiysk nyika - Count Vorontsov - muna 1823 akapa chegumi mazana maviri Yalta nyika pasi maberekero ose, yemizambiringa neminda uye kuvakwa. The richangobva yakagadzirwa varidzi vakapfuma, anoonga basa rakaoma serfs dzavo, vakanga yakavakwa munharaunda muumbozha dzimba, mizinda, dzimba, akaisa maindasitiri makuru yemichero uye yemizambiringa. Mukuwedzera, panguva ino kwakanga mumapaki dzakanaka kuti dzichiri zvinofadza muziso veko uye vashanyi: Gurzuf, Massandra, ari Alupka, Livadia nevamwe.

Zvishoma nezvishoma akakura Yalta. Map of nzvimbo akabvumira Vorontsov kunzwisisa kuti musha uyu asazivikanwa, nemhaka yokukosha kwakaita nzvimbo yacho uye yakakodzera mhenderekedzo, anogona kuva inokosha guta weRussia.

zvikuru kushandurwa

1838 Gore pakataurwa inotungamirwa Yalta eruwa. The kamwe dongo musha akawana guta mamiriro. A gore yapfuura, Count Vorontsov akarayira pavakwe mavhu mugwagwa, izvo zvine Yalta pamwe Simferopol uye Alushta. Muna 1848, guta yakazviwanira zvakananga mugwagwa chokuita Sevastopol.

Kuparadza uye Recovery

Munguva yehondo 1853-1856. kukanganiswa yose Crimea. Yalta (panguva iyoyo guta mepu kunobatsira kunzwisisa hunhu uye kutambudzwa yokuparadza) hapana anosara. Nokufamba kwenguva, guta rakadzorerwa, uyezve, nezvake akatanga kutaura sezvo shasha dzisina. Dr. Dmitriev uye Professor Botkin yakati kuti Yalta okunze ndiko salubrious. Chikonzero ichi kuti Kesari Alexander III chirevo pamusoro kuvaka miviri dzoushe - Livadia uye Massandra.

Private kuvaka zvakare kwete akamira. Saka, mumwe vakapfuma vanhu Russia - Prince Yusupov - chakavakwa palace Koreiz, Count Milutin - Simeiz, Naryshkin - mu Mishor.

Muna 1886, maererano nemirayiridzo Alexander III, kuvakwa ine simba ibwe breakwater chakatangwa, uyewo mapaipi hurongwa. Chimwe chinokosha akaziva chirongwa nezvenguva yaiva Yalta embankment. kuvakwa mumadhorobha mvura hurongwa yakapedzwa muna 1898.

Somugumisiro, pakazopera rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore, vakawanda vaiziva apo Yalta pamepu, nokuti guta rakanga kare aizivikanwa inoshamisa dzisina. Kufarira simba dzakawedzerwa ndechokuti vari 1860s, Livadia, riri pedo Yalta, akava mambo wokumaodzanyemba chigaro mhuri.

remakore rechimakumi maviri

Yalta - Russia kana Ukraine? Russia. Uye pakutanga remakore rapfuura, nhengo dzakawanda youmambo kwamachinda aiona basa ravo kuti mumuzinda kana kunyange sedumba riri pamhenderekedzo yokumaodzanyemba Crimea.

Pakazosvika 1914, guta rine zvikoro zviviri yakakwirira uye zvokutenga kukoreji yakavhurwa, kuti zvikwata zviviri, ina akaripa, mumaraibhurari uye zvakaenzana cinemas.

Zvinhu zvakachinja yekudyidzana muna Yalta pashure otshumeli maviri nokumukirana - February uye October. Maererano Lenin wokuti, umbozha dzimba uye dzoushe vakatamira kushandiswa nevanhu. Uyezve, kushingaira kuvaka plesieroorde matsva. First akazarura mikova arwo pachipatara pacho "Dolossy". Izvi zvakaitika muna 1928.

Zvakare, hondo ...

Panguva Great Patriotic War, mauto eGermany muCrimea. In Yalta, mabasa Anti-Nazi kwakatangwa. The vomumuzinda yakarongwa cram chechiJudha. Pane zvaifudzwa yaltintsev 4500. Vose vakazonzi akapfura akafa pedyo Massandra. Munguva kubva 1941 kusvika 1944 Yalta tsitsi okushambadza ndege muvengi. The guta rakanga vakasunungurwa kubva vanopinda nechisimba muna April 1944

Yalta - Russia kana Ukraine? Kubva 1954 kusvika 2014 guta raiva rokutanga Kuronga Ukrainian nyika, asi panguva ino zviri chikamu Russian Federation.

Recent nhoroondo

Pakutanga kwezana remakore maviri okutanga akatanga rokuvakazve zvakawanda Yalta pamhenderekedzo. Somugumisiro, yekudyidzana nani mamiriro ari mahombekombe, ayo zvino kutora vanhu vanopfuura zviuru rimwe pagore, uye Massandra kunyange paakavapa "Blue Flag". Muna 2003, kwave kwapera vavakezve basa iri muguta racho building. Kubvira ipapo, iye haasi chete kutenga mumugwagwa, asi nzvimbo vakawanda mitambo. Muna 2009 Vakavaka chapero-chirangaridzo musi iwoyo wepachiteshi chacho ainzi, iyo gare gare akanga vagadzwe nezita New Martyrs uye zvivi Russian. It yakavakwa nokukudzwa kuyeuka zvose mhosva vakaurayiwa panguva dzakaoma, panguva Civil Hondo Huru Patriotic War. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti chokurangaridza haasi kure kuparadzwa muna 1932, St. Aleksandra Nevskogo emapuranga chapero, chakavakwa pakuyeuka avo vakaurayiwa gandanga Alexander Second.

March 18, 2014 muCrimea (Yalta uye kusanganisira) vakava nhengo Russian Federation. Rakanga pahwaro National referendamu yakaitwa mazuva maviri akanga apfuura, uye chibvumirano pakati hurumende yeRussia uye Republic of Crimea.

Yalta vagari vachiziva vanodada kudana musha guta miziyamu pasi pakachena denga. Created nokuti vamwe Russian kwamachinda, kamwe-duku mumusha zvino nevakawanda dzisina. Vashanyi vanobva munyika dzakawanda vanofara soka kukwira dzemo mahombekombe pasi inodziya zuva Yalta.