Neleukemia - Chii? Description of chirwere, zvinokonzera, nechirwere, fungidziro

Oncology, kenza - mazwi aya kukonzera kusingafadzi, kumuganhu Association kutya vazhinji vedu. Kana bundu nyanyisa zvinowira chero nhengo, izvozvo chinobviswa. Uye chii chokuita kenza ropa, uyo anogara anofamba yose muviri uye akashanyira ose nhengo kakawanda pazuva. Vanhu vakawanda vanodavira kuti chirwere iri 100% zvinouraya, uye, Zvichakadai, chinogona kurapwa sezvinoita chero oncology. zvakarurama zita rayo - neleukemia kana neleukemia. Chii? Zvii avatambudze? Pane maturusi anogona kurapa nayo? Kana nhaka nokuda neleukemia? Sei vanofanira kutambura vana vaduku? Ngatiedzei kupindura mibvunzo yose iyi.

mafekitari ropa

Tsanangura zviri neleukemia, hazvibviri, regai kupa zvakawanda ropa. Kunenge munhu homogeneous mvura, asi chokwadi pane zviuru duku tusingaoneki - masero matsvuku eropa, maplatelet uye ropa masero machena. Vose vari yakagoverwa nguva zera ravo uye kufa. Uise akafa pakarepo kutora vatsva. Ivo pave vanonzi "fekitari" ropa, izvo riri thymus, chirwatata, node nodes, mumwongo tubular uye hudyu mapfupa. Kana kuti kubudisa yokupedzisira chigadzirwa runodiwa feedstock. On hematopoietic 'mafekitari' mbishi zvinhu zviri hunde masero. Sezvo zvakakodzera, vari dzakachinjwa (kusiyaniswa), akatendeuka kupinda aida ropa inoramba. Izvi zvinonzi muchitokisi kuibvisa. Vamwe maitiro mushure chakanyatsorongwa kuongororwa. Masayendisiti izvi hematopoietic "controller" anoziva zvishoma, isu chete kuziva kuti munguva ichiibvira hunde masero kumbotambudzika vakawanda metamorphosis, zvishoma nezvishoma akatendeukira kupinda myelocytes, normocytes, prolymphocytes zvimwe kusvikira vanosvika mukunopera, umo kuchinja kupera. Somuenzaniso, lymphocyte chikuva rinopfuura lymphoblasts uye prolymphocytes uye erythrocyte pachikuva eritrotsitoblasta, pronormotsita, normocytes uye reticulocyte. Kana atadze kushanda zvakanaka kunoitika nokuda "conveyor" ichi kuoma kutanga vakawanda mugove saibva masero kubva zvenguva matanho, dunhu terminates mamwe transformations. Somuenzaniso, hazvina kusvika lymphocytes, uye Anodzivisawo panguva lymphoblasts. Zvakaratidza ane overabundance asingabatsiri masero zvisingakoshi kuti kuunganidza zvokuti ivo kushayiswa romuzvarirwo utachiona ropa-dzichiumbwa. Saka pane neleukemia. Chii? Uyu akaipa chirwere pamusoro hematopoietic hurongwa.

The chisingaperi chimiro

Leukemias dzinoiswa maererano siyana zvinodiwa. By neoplastic hunhu pezvakaitwa secrete dzavo chakasimba uye chirwere siyana. Muchiitiko ichi tsanangudzo aya zvemasanga uye regai dzinoenderana mureza. Saka, marudzi neleukemia hakunei ya chirwere uye haazombofi kuyambukira mumwe, asi mumwe nomumwe ane padanho kuregererwa uye wava kusvutazve. Inokuvadza chinoratidza neleukemia ndiko kutsanya zvifambiso mutants ropa masero chero nhengo, zvichiita kuti vatange kenza.

Ngatikurukurei chisingaperi neleukemia. Chii uye nei Inonzi? Izvi Chirwere kunokonzerwa kunotouraya kare kuumbwa, vakagadzirira basa masero eropa (erythrocytes, leukocytes, uye maplatelet). Kakawanda chinoratidza pacharo pakati pemakore 50 makore uye vakwegura. Marudzi chisingaperi neleukemia:

• myelocytic;
• neutrophilic;
• mieloskleroz;
• basophilic;
• myelomonocytic;
• monocyte;
• erythromyelosis;
• lymphocytic neleukemia;
• mvere muchitokisi neleukemia;
• lymphomatosis;
• gistotsitoz;
• iretrimiya;
• thrombocythemia.

Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane yayo noruzhinji zviratidzo. Somuenzaniso, apo myelocytic neleukemia chete zviratidzo chirwere Pazvinotanga ndiye simba, vangadikitira, kurukutika. The chirwatata haisi awanda, ropa riri chakaipa. Chinhu bedzi anogona kuona - yakawedzerwa uwandu neutrophils muropa, kunyange zvazvo rinowanikwa mune zvose rwarisa kwendangariro.

The zvakafanana zviri mberi chisingaperi neleukemia vari:

• simba;
• kunyanya vangadikitira;
• splenomegaly;
• kuzvimba node nodes;
• rashes pamusoro ganda uye mucous membranes;
• necrotic dzinotsanagura ganda uye zvomukati;
• chinhu exacerbation kuti Nokufema dambudziko muropa uye mwongo;
• zvirwere;
• kuwedzera uwandu leukocytes muropa;
• infiltration pamusoro leukocytes mu mumwongo;
• ungaderedza kutapata.

chisingaperi lymphocytic neleukemia

chirwere ichi kunokonzerwa kunotouraya ari lymphocytes vakura, uye 90-98% vavo vari boka "B". Pano kusiyanisa benign uye nyanyisa nzendo. The yokupedzisira nokukurumidza ichichinja lymphosarcoma. Kutanga hosha iri rinenge indefinable, nekuti murwere haafungi chero kufungira zviratidzo, uye kuongorora zvose ropa kuratidza kuipa, kusanganisira chena eropa count. Nokufamba kwenguva, murume airwara kunotanga kuTire nokukurumidza, ipapo vangadikitira, uye node nodes uye chirwatata zvawanzwa. In chisingaperi lymphocytic neleukemia chiri rakazvimirira chimiro, inonzi mvere sero neleukemia, tsika villous outgrowths pamusoro cytoplasm, uye rine yakawanda phosphatase uye husingakwanisi acids tartarikovym. In chimiro ichi yakawedzera node nodes vasiri, uye chirwatata. Her yechipiri inoti - cytopenia, kureva zvinoderedza neropa rimwe kana zvose kamwechete kuumbwa zvinhu. In kwokutanga nzendo nechirwere kwose lymphocytic leukemias zvakaoma kunyange kana kuita miedzo ropa, nekuti migumisiro akafanana chero rwarisa zvirwere. Also kudzivisa nemazvo rokuongorora kuzvimba node nodes, risingagoni chokuita neleukemia. Varwere akaita wokutanga asingaurayiwi kurapwa uye ipapo kutaridzwa chirwere nzira histological uye zvidzidzo cytological vaiita rontgen (neleukemia yemapapu vakaumba infiltrates pamusoro lymphocytes yakawedzera thoracal node nodes).

The chenjera chimiro neleukemia

In uduku kuyaruka zvakawanda zvakafanana rikwanise neleukemia. Chii uye sei ngozi? Izvi Chirwere kunokonzerwa kunotouraya ari saibva masero eropa, chikuru (Nokufema) mamiriro. Zvichienderana chii mhando masero zvikuru mutated, zvinotevera mhando rikwanise leukemias:

• monoblastny;
• myelogenous;
• eritromieloblastny;
• myeloblastic;
• chenjera lymphoblastic neleukemia;
• undifferentiated.

Sezvaiitwa chenjera neleukemia muropa riri yaitsiva chicherwa inoramba iri kushanda ropa saibva zvishoma nezvishoma anorasikirwa chahwo basa, kureva, nerubatsiro mapazi okisijeni uye zvinovaka muviri. Uyewo yekudyidzana neb kana varasikirwa basa leukocytes zvachose nokudzivirira muviri dzimwe tusingaoneki.

Zviratidzo chenjera neleukemia

mhando dzose hosha vane danho rokutanga (akatungamirira), kanganwiro uye wava kusvutazve. It achaongwa kuti zvinokwanisika zvose chikuru uye akadzokorora kuitazve kuti rikwanise neleukemia. Total somptomatika chirwere sezvinotevera:

• bundu kuwanda mu mumwongo;
• zvakakomba kupererwa neropa;
• vakawanda simba pamwe kupfupika mweya uye dzungu;
• mucosal ropa uye ulceration (kakawanda stomatitis, tonsillitis, ulceration mu yegurokuro uye ura);
• rashes paganda;
• kuwedzera chiropa, chirwatata, node nodes;
• nemabayo;
• kurwadziwa mapfupa pavanenge effleurage (chikonzero growths mumasero izvi mutant);
• sepsis nezvimwe zvirwere matambudziko.

Kuregererwa kunoitika apo ropa hakuchisina dzakaonekwa masero saibva mu mumwongo zvishoma pane 5%, uye kuwandisa leukemic mwongo haisi kuwanikwa.

Kupfuura ngozi uye kwakapararira pakati pavana vari zera boka makore 1-6 wekare chakasimba lymphoblastic neleukemia. Most kazhinji kuwana vakomana vanorwara.

Sezvo lymphocytes vari muchimiro "B" (anokonzera antibody production) uye "T" (nezvombo vatorwa nezvimedu), lymphoblastic neleukemia iri rakamuka-kamuka marudzi akawanda, rimwe nerimwe mutate mamwe leukocytes. In chikamu muzana nemashoko, kutungamirira "mu" siyana, izvo kugoverana 85%. Yepamusoro kuitika rinowanikwa mune vana 3 years, kubva pazera ichi muviri vachishingaira unobereka "B" -leykotsity. "T" -form anotungamirira kuyaruka makore 14-15, apo ari thymus runosvika kunonyanyisa ukuru. Mukuregererwa neleukemia iri mhando vanofanira hazvo kuva zvakajairika cerebrospinal mvura. Akapora vaiona mwana ane kuregererwa kunotora 5 years kana kupfuura. Wokurarama vana vane nenguva uye kurapwa kuti rikwanise neleukemia ndiyo 80-85%.

Zvinokonzera uye kuongorora chirwere

Neleukemia mune vakuru nevana anoita nenyonganiso marongerwo okutodza zvinogona kukonzerwa nhaka urema kana Kufurirwa nevamwe. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• irradiation (nemwaranzi);
• carcinogens (mishonga, zvokudya, makemikari);
• chikakananda;
• mishonga anomera.

Dzidziso nemavhairasi etiology pamusoro neleukemia haisati akaratidza.

Pakati nhaka zvinhu kwave kuchikosha yakawedzera neleukemia zvirwere Down kuti urwere, Bloom, Turner.

Chirwere pamusoro neleukemia dzinosanganisira:

• zvekunze rokuongorora (inoda kufunga nodes, achizivisa mucosal kuchinja);
• Laboratory ropa bvunzo quantitative Zvinoumba masero matsvuku eropa, lymphocytes, matsvuku masero, maplatelet;
• mwongo biopsy;
• (PCR anogona Philadelphia chromosome, kana chipo);
• NEHOVE kuongorora (inoratidza kuchinja okutodza);
• IPT (rinotsanangura masero vachishandisa zvezvinangwa uye maantigen).

mabatiro

Varwere neleukemia vanofanira kupinda nzira mishonga (mapiritsi, majekiseni zvinodhaka). kurapwa Izvi zvinoita kuuraya mutated masero ose. Mishonga Kazhinji hakusi asingasviki maviri - chikuru, danho rokutanga rikwanise chimiro chirwere, uye prophylactic, mu kanganwiro. Mushure Danho rokutanga kurapwa uye kana kusvika 100% of zvabuda rinoitwa transplantation kuti mwongo masero. Kana mushure zvose basa iri kunouya kuitazve, izvozvo panotaura ineffectiveness ose rikashandiswa mishonga. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, kushandura mishonga zvaiitwa. Kuitazve zviri neleukemia nguva dzose kunoderedza wokurarama. Doctors kuziva akawanda mhando chirwere kudzoka:

1. Tichitevera

• superearly (wokurarama chete 10%);
• mangwanani;
• mushakabvu (kubudirira kunoitwa muna 38% nyaya).

2. Localization

• kunze mumwongo;
• mwongo (zvikuru ngozi);
• vasanganiswa.

Very chakakomba uye, kazhinji kacho chirwere nezvimwewo zviri neleukemia. How nengozi zviri, asi kutyorwa mashandiro ropa? Chekutanga, chokwadi kuti masero kenza kupararira nyore uye nokukurumidza rose muviri. Chechipiri, kwakakomba kuomesa kwechirwere chacho, umo mutant masero vanogona kupinda munzvimbo uropi membranes. Chechitatu, kurutivi matambudziko anokonzerwa pakurapa mhando dzose neleukemia.

Neleukemia mombe (mombe)

All mhuka, kusvikira zvinokambaira, zvakare, achitambura neleukemia, zita wechipiri hematological malignancies. Akatsanangurwa mangwanani sezvo 1858. Pakutanga zvaifungwa kuti chirwere ichi hachisi ngozi kuvanhu. Zvino, nemhaka nokutsvakurudza itsva, ichiidzwa kuti vanhu neleukemia mhuka zvinokonzera chinokosha ngozi. Pari, maperembudzi zvakanaka zvakanaka kunzwisiswa, asi mishonga asati dzakabudirira. Kufanana nevanhu, neleukemia kwemhuka richiratidzwa yamera bundu (kuwanda) of hematopoietic zvinyama masero pamwe akabuda mune vakawanda saibva lymphoblasts ropa uye myeloblasts. Inokonzera kunotouraya izvi bovine leukaemic utachiwana. Mumwe netariro raro kusagadzikana yakakwirira tembiricha nemakemikari. Saka unofira nyama paminiti ari tembiricha 60 ° C, uye mukaka panguva tembiricha kuti 75 ° C masekondi 20 atova. Zviri nyore kubvisa hutachiwana zvinogadzirisa ose formaldehyde, kuiisa chlorine, yavaibvisa hydroxide. Asi mhuka mhenyu hazvibviri kuiparadza. Chokwadi kuti zvinokanganisawo lymphocytes. Chero mhando yokurapa zvainanga pokuparadza neleukemia utachiona, panguva iyoyowo anoparadza chena ropa masero uye pasina iyo mhuka afa.

Zviratidzo zviri chirwere

Mombe neleukemia zviratidzo zvinogona kuitika kusvika 6 makore. nguva yose iyi, mhuka iri utachiona kuti anogona kombera dzimwe mhuka uye vanhu, uyewo kutamba mwana anorwara, nokudaro kuparadzira zvirwere zvipfuwo kumapurazi. Govera 4 zvokukura chirwere:

• podleykoznaya;
• kutanga;
• muAtlantic;
• inouraya.

In wokutanga Danho nemiedzo ropa purogiramu dzinoratidza zvinoitika. chete muedzo chaiwo ropa rinogona kuona chirwere (serological nemiedzo, virologic kuongorora). Hurumende mapurazi vanopedza mukuronga kwavo uye chidimbu munhu kazhinji haazivi kuti ake Burenka anodiwa chirwere chisingarapiki.

Chechipiri danho kunoratidzwa nokuwedzera kwenhamba leukocytes uye lymphocytes muropa, uye kunounza chikamu kwavo saibva siyana. Zvisinei, kunze zviratidzo chirwere uchiripo.

Chete ari wechitatu padariro neleukemia mombe anotanga kuratidza zvekuchipatara zviratidzo. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• mhuka nekuneta;
• Kazhinji kudzikira, kuparadzwa;
• Goho dzikira;
• nezvinetso zvomudumbu turakiti (manyoka kana kupatira, zvakaoma märehtiä);
• yellowing of mucous membranes;
• kuderera mumoyo;
• Dzakawanda edema (mu zamu dewlap, dumbu);
• pripadanie Makumbo hadzi;
• exophthalmia;
• kuzvimba node nodes (dzimwe nguva vanosvika kukura musoro vomwana).

The mukunopera hahugari refu. kurapwa Zviratidzo All panguva imwe akaratidza zvakajeka muropa vakaratidza vakawanda vanotanga mutated ropa Masero ane tsika hwadzo quantitative rutapudzo. The mhuka anorasikirwa kukwanisa kwayo kurwisa chirwere uye anofa.

In vaduku kutsanya zvakaitika zvose nzendo uye mhuka vakura dzimwe nguva kufa pakarepo kubva ruptured chirwatata. It zvinoitika pamberi kutanga zviratidzo.

dziviriro

Sezvo neleukemia kurapwa mhuka haagoni kuva, zvikuru mukurwisa chirwere dziviriro. Pakutanga zviri kuita nenguva Analyses. In huru mapurazi yavanobata nerimwe gore 1 nguva yokuti mhuka dzose, uye 2 nguva kuti nzombe. Kana boka iri dzakaonekwa kuti anopfuura 2 utachiona vatakuri, papurazi riri kuonekwa vaitambura. Kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu chiri kuitwa nzira mbiri - culling mhuka utachiona uye yokutsiva yose kwevanhu. Panguva iyoyowo hazvo disinfect matura.

Zvinokoshawo kudzivirirwa kubva zvichiita mhuru kuti aivapo nezvipfuwo. mhuka dzose kupinza vanofanira-uchitarisa oncornavirus.

Pane imwe neleukemia mukaka nenyama Rinobva nemhuka utachiona? Zvinosuruvarisa, hungu. Mukaka kubva mhou neleukemia, ari zvaisambobvumirwa kunwa matsva. mukaka Izvi zvinofanira agoiswa dairies, apo riri pachena kuti nguva refu pasteurization. Mumhuri ezvinhu inogona kunwa pashure refu (kwete zvishoma pane 5 maminitsi) Kubika. vanachiremba vakawanda vanokurudzira kushandisa mukaka kwakadaro chete mhuka zvokudya.

Meat, kana pasina kukundwa neleukemia tsandanyama anogona kudyiwa pashure kunyatsoverenga kupisa kurapwa. Kana tine chinangwa kana miviri mhuka akafa vakashamiswa uye skeletal tsandanyama, chitunha chayo chinofanira kuraswa.