Network pamwe vector kwazvakarerekera. grounding waya. magetsi grounding

upenyu Modern hwevanhu, ayo nyaradzo uye kupa zvose zvakafanira, zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe magetsi. Pamusana kwaari, munhu ane nzira nechouviri uye mukana kupesvedzera zvakasikwa kuti zvinowana kunonyanyisa vanobatsirwa hwako. Asi kune vakawanda pluses, iyo ine magetsi, uye pane rakakura kubvisa - midziyo uye midziyo kuti zvinodya uye zvibereko magetsi, muri kukanganisa upenyu hwevanhu, kana musingadi vanoomerera nemitemo yavo kushandiswa.

Electrical uye kuchengeteka zvinodiwa kupatsanura

The Pane zvinhu kufurira mwero ngozi kuupenyu hwomunhu zvivako chero mhando vari:

• kushushikana;
• mhando yokusava grounding;
• ano ukoshi closable pasi;
• kuputira zvikamu, nokuti izvo iyezvino Rwako;
• nemishonga womunhu muviri;
• nemishonga pasi (ivhu) ari Magetsi mapazi.

Kutanga kubva dzinokosha mabhuku aya huripo "Murau waMwari nemagetsi mano" (RB), mezviruva zvose vanokamurwa muzvikamu zvina.

Wokutanga ine installation pamwe vector kwazvakarerekera transformer kushanda kubva 220 KV uye kumusoro, uye aine zvinobudirira makateyiwa kwazvakarerekera - zvakakodzera 110 kusvika 220 KV. Zvinobudirira makateyiwa-kwazvakarerekera chinhu dunhu kuburikidza iyo magetsi vakaomerwa wedunhu pasi, zvinogona vanoumba rakasiyana-siyana resistances (active, reactive uye asiri Linear) uye haina midzi kwazvakarerekera.

Wechipiri ine installation, iyo inoshandisa voga kwazvakarerekera kana resonant vector Via ayo riemukaari kudzvinyirira resistors uye reactors uchishanda network, imwe voltage inobva 3 kusvika 35 KV.

Wechitatu nemagetsi gadziriro vari kushandisa samambure pamwe kwazvakarerekera panyika, uye voltage anobva 110 600 V. In miti iyi, pasi mhosva dzenzvimbo vane yakawanda.

Muchikwata yechina ine hurongwa pamwe kure kwazvakarerekera, kushanda network kusvika 1 KV. zvinomera kwakadaro duku pasi mhosva ano.

Safe nokushanda magetsi zvivako

Chose kubvisa zvinhu kukanganisa utano uye hwevanhu kushanda magetsi zvivako, hazvibviri, nokuti vane dzinongoitika background. Asi kuderedza navo uye kuti vaite basa iri zviumbu sezvo yakachengeteka sezvinobvira kunobvira kwete chete asiwo zvakakodzera. Kuti aite izvi, zvose kwerunyararo uye kushanda nemagetsi zvivako zviri yaidzorwa mune rimwe muunganidzwa mitemo, "Mitemo Electrical Installation" (Pue). Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvinodiwa SAE ari inodzivirira earthing pakati magetsi zvivako. Hazvina zvinodiwa ichi uye ichakurukurwa munyaya ino zvizere.

Unodzivirira pasi rakagadzirwa kudzivirira vashandi vanoshanda uye kutsigira zvivako izvi uye network, uyewo magetsi vatengi kuishandisa mumba midziyo yemagetsi uye namano. Kupa unodzivirira ivhu? Human kuchengeteka pakuparwa netsaona kuonana zvesimbi zvikamu magetsi dzisiri conductive, asi kuva mupenyu nokuda Kuparara kuputira pasi kuvhunduka.

Izvozvo musimbiswe zvemagetsi?

Zvinodiwa uye nhungamiro kana uchishandisa unodzivirira pasi yabatanidza kuva chete gwaro ndangariro uye nokududza Standardization yose muitiro - GOST. Grounding inodzivirira vashandi uye vatengi kuti yemagetsi nehana, akaita kunoparirwa maererano zvinodiwa EMP uye akakodzera mamiriro mureza. Protective pasi Electrical inopa zvemagetsi kubatana zviri simbi zvikamu nemagetsi zvivako pasi, asi kuishaya - ine mutungamiriri, kutsiva pasi. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvikamu vaya makateyiwa hurongwa kuti isisina mumwe kudzivirirwa.

Saka, makateyiwa housings simbi pakati magetsi, motokari, michina, mabhokisi waya, chiedza Fixtures, haizoshandisi nezvigadziko, uyewo zvombo ari waya uye waya.

Huripo mugadziriro magetsi grounding

Electrical unodzivirira earthing mamiriro takatsunga kwakavakirwa maitiro simba bhuku akadai ane vector kwazvakarerekera, voga vasina kwavakarerekera. Kune zvitatu zvinokosha gadziriro yakatanga neInternational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC): TN, IT uye TT. Ngationgororei navo zvizere.

TN maitiro uye ayo subsystems

Systems pamwe vector kwazvakarerekera, umo simbi zvikamu chokugadza chokuita kuti kusatsigira razero Via grounding conductors vari TN boka. Uyewo, boka iri rine subgroup Anoumba nzira uchishandisa razero misha uye kudzivirirwa conductors. Saka, kana conductors izvi ikashandiswa mune rimwe kondakita yose kureba nemambure subsystem runotaurwa TN-C. Ndicho yekare Soviet hurongwa. Kana unodzivirira mushandi uye kusatsigira waya ikashandiswa chete chikamu cheni, kutangira kubva simba nerubatsiro (substation), ipapo munhu subsystem pakati TN-CS. Eya, panyaya uko kwazvakarerekera uye unodzivirira kondakita dzakaparadzaniswa vakaparadzana waya zvose pamusoro padandemutande, subsystem ichi runotaurwa TN-S. Zvinonzi vaiona nani kuti rakakwana kuchengeteka installation.

IT hurongwa uye TT

A wemuTesitamende izvo kwazvakarerekera earthing asisipo kana achiumbwa kuburikidza resonant grounding, runotaurwa sezvo IT. Zvakadaro hurongwa vari makateyiwa simbi zvikamu magetsi mumwe conductors, zvakabatana grounding mano.

System pamwe vector kwatakarerekera, sezvamakaropafadzwa simbi zvikamu zvemagetsi zvemhando vari makateyiwa kushandisa, unconnected chero pamwe nesimba panobva kwazvakarerekera pfungwa, runotaurwa TT uye yaizongoshandiswa Mobile zvivako. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvakadai hurongwa zvinoda kushandiswa residual ano mano.

Earthing

Maererano SAE kudzivirira vanhu kubva voltages ngozi anoshandiswa grounding redunhu akatasva ne electrically unobatanidza zvikamu chirimwa, aumba kubva conductive zvokunyama uye insulated kubva kurarama kumativi panyika. Zvadaro, pasi electrode anoitwa resimbi kondakita ane yemagetsi conductivity yakanaka uye yakakura navo ivhu. All pamwe - uye earthing waya electrically unobatanidza zvemagetsi zvikamu uye vane grounding mudziyo.

Zvichienderana mhando kuitika kushandiswa nemagetsi zvivako kusvika 1000 V, kureva mudunhu pasi yoga kana vector kwazvakarerekera (AC), kure kana vector mid-pfungwa (zvakananga iyezvino). Kwazvakarerekera simba mabviro (jenareta kana transformer) iri vector kana hwakabatana zvakananga pasi kubatana uye yoga kwavakarerekera ndiye asina kana remubatanidzwa wavo kwakabatana kuburikidza zano huru nemishonga.

Mhando grounding mano

Grounding rakakamurwa dzamarudzi maviri: chakagadzirwa dzinongoitika. The mhando zvevhu zvakagadzirwa rokutanga kunosanganisira kushandisa siyana simbi zvinhu. Vangave makona, matanda uye sepombi kuva kureba kwete asingasviki maviri uye hafu metres uye akavigwa (transfixed) pasi. Pakati pavo vari vabatana simbi micheka kana zvikamu nesimbi waya - tsvimbo - dhayamita guru (kanenge 8-10 mm) kuburikidza Welding. Grounding conductors anogona kunge esimbi, kana namazariro mhangura uyewo mhangura waya mitundu pamwe kuberekesana nhengo kana magetsi nomoto, kana bolting.

Chechipiri mhando kunosanganisira kushandiswa pasi hurongwa sezvo grounding kwezvivako zvakagadzirwa nesimbi uye vakachengetwa zvakabatana pasi. kongiri zvivako zvose zvinofanira kuva simbi midzi nokuti vakaiisa pamusoro grounding conductors. Panyaya iyi, iyo grounding conductors vari indistinguishable kubva conductors zvinoshandiswa pasi chakagadzirwa electrode.

Chimwe maonero grounding mudziyo ndokunyangarika. Izvi mhando pasi runodzivirira kubatana iri kure magetsi zvikamu kuitika kusatsigira pasi vachishandisa kwazvakarerekera kondakita. The ichidzikira anopa mhosva chiitiko panguva chero danho redunhu kuti mudziyo, uye kunoita rikurumidze rikkovia rukungiso unodzivirira michina.

Zvinodiwa Kuti grounding mano

mano All kushandiswa grounding vanofanira zvinoenderana nemitemo dzakatangwa neHurumende chivakwa mirau Codes. basa ravo - inonzi yakachengeteka yevanhu, kudzivirirwa magetsi zvivako uye modes kushanda.

Hapana mhosva anofanira akatevedzana kubatana kwakaita anoverengeka zvikamu zvemagetsi earthing conductors - chikamu mumwe anofanira kusangana mumwe chete grounding wire ane dhayamita kwete duku muchinjikwa chikamu pane pana RB. Grounding conductors akaisa kudzivirirwa pachena kubva ngura nokuukara navo dema.

Technical Mamiriro grounding mano uye grounding ongororo anoitwa rokuongorora pamwe akashama ziso chikamu chinooneka mudziyo pamwe zvishomanana vaongo- yokutanga uye kuyera ivhu parameters grounding mudziyo. Chikamu chinooneka mudziyo iri iongororwe kamwe mwedzi mitanhatu ose.

Zvinodiwa Kuti anodzivirira yeimwe uye grounding conductors

All yeimwe earthing uye grounding conductors vari kuitwa Welding. Corps pamusoro zvemagetsi michina uye midziyo, chikuru pasi kuonana pamusoro grounding redunhu, uye anotsigira mukuru-voltage Rwonzi zvakabatana kuti grounding kondakita bhaudhi. Grounding conductors dzinoitwa hwendarira kana mhangura nembariro uyewo netambo mhangura. Uyewo, sezvo ari grounding muitisi anogona kushandiswa pasi waya. Nokuti chinangwa ichi rinoshandiswa senzira nezano uye chete chinoumba mhangura netambo, muchinjikwa chikamu izvo achibvumira yakaderera-nemishonga kubatana.

Kupikiswa nokuyerwa grounding mano

Kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti zvaidiwa pamusoro kuitika kurwisa pamusoro grounding pakati mitemo nemirayiro pamusoro chigadzirwa, kuyerwa anotorwa aripo nemishonga. A dambudziko iyi yakayerwa ndiko kuziva kurwisa grounding marongedzero kupfuura therethrough kuitika pasi - Yaunoti kupararira iyezvino.

Kuyerwa dzinoitwa maererano inodiwa kuchengeteka mitemo: kudzivirira rimwe-danho redunhu uye kushandiswa pachake unodzivirira zvokushandisa, kusanganisira insulating Magorovhosi Chipfeko uye majombo, uyewo voga chokushandisa.

Equipment zvokurimisa nokuda nokuyerwa pasi nemishonga

Huru Chishandiso, zvaakatadzisa kuyera kurwisa anoparadzira dzenzvimbo chinhu mita IC-10 grounding. mudziyo uyu unoshanda shanu kuyera neeSultan, iro rinotsanangura kushandiswa kwayo kwakapararira. Shoma Range riri kuramba kuti 0.01 kusvikira 9,99 ohms, ipapo zvinotevera-siyana 0.1-99.9 Ohm, 1-999 Ohm 0,01-9,99 pakoma. The kunonyanyisa nemishonga vakatsunga vachishandisa zano iri, riri zvinobva 1 kusvika 999 milliohms. Pamwe chete chaishandiswa kuyera kure kuitika uye zvinogona electrodes.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti tambo redunhu muvhu kuenda pasi mitemo yakasimba - kubatana conductors ari mudziyo, zvikurukuru kuitika uye zvinogona electrodes, zvadaro kweguyo ekupedzisira - pasi electrode.

Nzira Yokuedzera

The nemishonga Kukosha ano Anopararira zvakasiyana grounding mano zvinyamusi uye anoenderana zvinhu zvakawanda zvakadai worudzii magetsi gadziriro, ivhu mamiriro panguva kugadzwa nzvimbo chokugadza, uye akashandisa mhando zano rakadaro.

Nokuyerwa nzira unotora nzira mbiri, izvo akaratidza muna hutonge aivapo IS-10 zviridzwa kana kuyera zvevhu nemishonga. Kana kurwisa ari mudziyo, akaratidza pasipoti yacho pane 5 ohms,-waya matatu redunhu inoshandiswa. Kana mutengo idukusa ukoshi ichi - mana-waya redunhu inoshandiswa.