Nheyo mudzimu pakombiyuta. Computer nokuti "dummies"

Nhasi, kadambari mano kwazvo saka makasimba hwedu, kuti kufungidzira upenyu hwedu pasina pavo sokuti hazviiti. Zvisinei, vanhu vakawanda vanenge kumbofa pamusoro kuti, sei anoita zvose izvi hurongwa. Next ichakurukurwa, sei kombiyuta (nokuti "Teapots", saka kutaura). Chokwadi, kutsanangura zvose zvizere uye kufukidza zvose michina zvinhu hakushande (hongu nayo zvikuru, uye hamutsvaki). Naizvozvo isu ndigoisa pachedu inokosha zvinhu, zviri nyore 'munhu ".

Computer nokuti "Dummies": huru zvinoriumba

Achitaura nemamiriro chero kombiyuta mudziyo, zvinofanira kunzwisiswa zvakajeka kuti chaizvoizvo chinosanganisira Hardware uye software.

Under Hardware kunzwisisa zvose hwakabatana namano, izvo, kana ini angati saka, unogona kubata (processors, ndangariro zviuno, dzakaoma Zvifambiso, monitors, mavhidhiyo, makaseti uye ruzha makadhi, keyboard, negonzo, peripheral mano dzakadai vaidhinda, scanners, etc. . d.). dzimwe nguva vanhu, zvinoriumba izvi zvose dzinonzi "Hardware kombiyuta".

The-software Chikamu rinoumbwa zhinji zvinoriumba, ramakagadzwa airidza kutungamirira basa parutivi uchishandisa hurongwa, yakavakirwa izvo kudyidzana pakati Hardware nezvimwe zvirongwa uye iiswe nayo zano mutyairi - purogiramu inokosha achishandisa iyo uchishandisa hurongwa ingashanda pamwe "simbi" pachake uye kushandisa ake kana achiita mamwe mabasa.

Nokudaro zviri nyore kugumisa kuti huru nhungamiro basa chero mhando kombiyuta iri nesungano pakati "simbi" uye Software zvinoriumba. Asi ichi ndicho chete kwokubatira maonero. azvaiitwa vachaparadzwa kurondedzerwa pashure.

Computer "simbi"

The Hardware, sezvo vazhinji vanotenda, pakutanga ndivo processor uye RAM. Muchikamu, ichi ichokwadi. Vaipa kuti zvose chirongwa mirayiridzo kupa kugona kumhanya zvimwe kwendangariro.

Ukuwo, kana iwe kuchera zvakadzika, hapana "simbi" rokuti kwoga maturo, nekuti zvakakodzera kushandisa kubatanidza nzvimbo. Uye kune zvaunokoshesa, saka-wakanzi motherboard (mu vanhu - "motherboard") - zano chaiyo pamusoro izvo hwavapo zvose vamwe zvinoriumba, Integrated matunhu, etc. Mupfungwa iyi, chikuru nhungamiro kombiyuta yako (yakarurama kushanda pasina kukundikana) ndiyo .. kuti zvakanaka batanidza ose Hardware zvinoumba kuburikidza nhengo controllers kuti anokosha cheap car insurance kana nezvigadziko pamusoro motherboard. Kune mitemo, yakadai kushandiswa kwakarurama PCI bhazi, nokuti unobva Zvifambiso zvakaoma uye bvisika Zvifambiso kushandisa Tenzi / Muranda musimboti uye zvichingodaro. D.

Tinofanira kutaura zvachose ndangariro (ROM) iro mashoko Zvinonzi kana nokusingaperi, uye chero mukana ndangariro (RAM) kushumira kuuraya Software zvinoriumba.

Mhando-software

Software kombiyuta uchishandisa musimboti kunosanganisira kushandisa-software zvakakodzera kuita mabasa.

In mukuru kunzwisisa software yakakamurwa muzvikamu akawanda, ramakagadzwa vangazivikanwa yoga uye gadziriro chikumbiro software. Pakazosvika hurongwa Software zvinosanganisira anodawo pachake mugadziriro, vatyairi mudziyo, dzimwe nguva basa utilities, zvakakodzera kuti nechokwadi akarurama kushanda yose yezvinhu. Ndiko kuti, yose hamvuropu, iyo yakavakwa mafomu uye mafomu. Software iyi mhando ine kuomesa wezwi, kuti, nezvezvaiitwawo chokupika rimwe basa.

Asi sezvo tiri kutaura pamusoro, chii vari mirayiridzo inokosha kombiyuta kushanda neimwewo pfungwa, pakutanga pane hurongwa software. Next, funga sei kumhanya kombiyuta yose hurongwa.

Chidzidzo informatics. PC: Achitaurazve pamusoro uye Testing namano

Zvichida, vanoshandisa dzakawanda pakombiyuta hrs wakacherechedza kuti kana kombiyuta yako inotanga vakanzwa nevamwe ruzha hurongwa simba. Zvisinei, vanhu vashoma vaimuteerera, kubva chokwadi pamusoro parinowanika zvinogona akagumisa kuti zvose "simbi" mano vari kushanda zvakanaka.

Chii chinoitika? Nheyo nokushanda kombiyuta ndechokuti kana simba rinoshandisirwa Chip, yainzi chikuru mudziyo I / O, ikabereka bvunzo mano ose. The rokutanga nderokuziva zvinetso vhidhiyo, nekuti kana ari zvakaipa, kuti hurongwa haugoni kukwanisa kuratidza nokuona ruzivo. Chete ipapo ari pakutsvaga processor mhando yayo unhu, RAM zvokusarudza, dzakaoma Zvifambiso nezvimwe namano. Kutaura zvazviri, mashoko akanga pakutanga mudura Bios pamusoro "Hardware".

Download mikana

Mukuwedzera, vachizvitakudza kunogonawo sokureva nheyo mapurogiramu ekombiyuta basa, sezvo ongororo iri chaiwo software, pane zvokunyama.

Pakarepo muenzi maitiro uye wasarudza shangu mudziyo (zvakaoma dhisiki, Manyiminya nhau, USB-mudziyo network, uye zvichingodaro. D.). Chero zvazvingava, mimwe Pfungwa imwe PC tichitarisa mutoro ndiko kupa pamusoro mudziyo, unonzi vene chinyorwa iri kutanga hurongwa.

Kutanga uchishandisa hurongwa

Kuti kukopa Os kunoda loader chaiyo initializes chinoumba gadziriro, zvakanyorwa pamusoro zvakaoma dhisiki uye anoisa pamberi ndangariro, pashure iyo muitiro havazvirambidzi hwakatamisirwa Os kare.

Mukuwedzera, tenzi vene chinyorwa ave zvakawanda kusanduka kusarudza, achipa kodzero kusarudza bootable hurongwa user. Kana kutanga anoitwa kubva bvisika nevezvenhau, asi executable vene bumbiro iri kuverenga kubva mariri, asi dhanilodhi chero chimiro chinoitwa chete panyaya kana Bios kuchaita kuona executable remitemo zvakakosha. Zvikasadaro on-screen ziviso pamusoro kwakakundikana kanda sokuti, yakafanana kuti shangu partition akawanikwa. Zvinonzi dzimwe nguva aishandiswa partition tafura, rine mashoko pamusoro zvose musoro disks, izvo zvinogona kukamurwa zvakaoma tikachirega. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kuwana ruzivo kunoenderana nemamiriro faira sangano, icho anotakura zita faira system (mafuta, NTFS, uye vamwe.).

Ona kuti izvi ndiyo chinyakare kududzirwa shangu kwacho, sezvo chaizvoizvo zvikuru kuoma.

Computer Memory: kanda zvirongwa

Nokudaro, uchishandisa hurongwa yave booted. Zvino ngatitarisei papurogiramu uye kushandiswa unongotaura. Nokuti Implementation ravo anonyanya kukonzera CPU uye ndangariro, tisingatauri zvaisanganisira vatyairi mamwe mano.

Nheyo kombiyuta ndangariro chinoshanda ndeyokuti kana iwe mhanya executable chirongwa mafaira kana zvimwe zvinhu kubva ROM kana bvisika zvemagetsi kana kushanda anoita somunhu nopindirana basa kurongwa kuwana ndangariro (RAM) kuburikidza chinoumba gadziriro vanoiswa zvimwe chokuita zvinoriumba, zvakawanda zvacho guru raibhurari (kunyange nokuda nyore mapurogiramu avo kuvapo arege akapa), uye zvakakodzera kuti vatyairi mudziyo.

Zvavanokupai kubatana pakati uchishandisa hurongwa, purogiramu pacharo uye user. Zviri pachena kuti yakakura uwandu ndangariro ndiye, yakawanda zvinoumba mairi anogona kutorwa uye nokukurumidza vachapiwa kupatsanurwa. Kana arayira kudyidzana unosvika CPU, iyo anoita zvose kadambari mabasa munyika. Panopera application kana kombiyuta akadzivira pasi zvinoriumba zvose "RAM" kudzikiswa. Asi ichi hachisi nguva dzose zvazviri.

Kuchinja maitiro parameters

Vamwe pezvakaitwa vangava achiyeukwa zvachose. Saka, vanofanira kurega manually. In Windows anotsanangura hurongwa, mabasa akawanda kuchatanga rwoga, asi inodzidzisa vanotoda zvisingakoshi. Panyaya iyi, iyo startup configuration inoshandiswa. In nyore musimboti akashandisa optimizers zvirongwa ndokunatsawo zvisingakoshi urongwa, bvisa ungwandangwanda kombiyuta kwaita. Asi ichi ndicho yoga kukurukurirana.