Nhoroondo yekare ye jazz uye kupfuurira kwayo

Zera remakore rejaija rainzi Francis Scott Fitzgerald makumi maviri ezana remakore rapfuura. Munyori mukuru, achiyemura mimhanzi iyi uye mhepo yakabudiswa nayo, ichiri kuchiona sechimiro chemafashoni, iyo ichakurumidza kuendesa kune chimwe chinhu chitsva, uye pakupedzisira ichakanganwika. Nenzira yakanaka, izvi hazvina kuitika, uye nhoroondo ye jazz yakaramba ichienderera mberi.

Kubudirira kwemimhanzi iyi kwakasimudzirwa nekuvandudzika kwekambani yekurekodha. Acetate mahwendefa nenziyo dzevanhu vanozivikanwa zvikuru vakatanga kuparadzira pasi pano mumamiriyoni emakopi.

Kufanana nekubudirira kwakawanda kwetsika, jazz - mimhanzi, iyo yakakunda mwoyo yevateereri kumakondinendi ose, yakasimuka sechimiro chekushandiswa. Nziyo yake yakabva kuAfrica ine varanda, uye rwiyo rwaive rweEurope.

Pakuwanikwa kwevatambi vekutanga veizvi zvisingaenzaniswi musimboti maitiro pakanga pasina chakanaka chakanyanya chezviridzwa: harmonica, gitare, banjo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, inzwi rakava chinhu chinokosha chekutaura zvinoreva. Nziyo dzevashandi vekotoni iri kumaodzanyemba kweU.SA dzakapararira pamusoro peminda yakawanda. Zvinyorwa zvezvikamu, zvakawanda zvaro zvakapona kusvikira panguva dzedu, zvakanga zvisingateereri, uye iyo huru yaiva yekurumbidzwa kwaIshe, yakaratidzwa munziyo-mumweya.

Sezvo vakabata simba rekutengeserana kwechiitiko chechiAmerica chete chechiitiko, vakava nehanya nekonsmasmasters uye vaparidzi vezvinyorwa. Pamwe nevatema vemavara, varume vachena vakatanga kuonekwa. Kubva pane blues uye nziyo dzevhangeri, vakatanga kutora mapuropu, uye zviridzwa, kunyanya zviridzwa zvemhepo, vakapa ruzha rukuru. Yakashandurwa uye rwiyo - vakanyanya kuva nehasha, kufarirwa nemakumi matatu, vakakunda syncopic pulsations, vachidzidzira maitiro akaoma eDixieland. Nhoroondo yejaija mumakore makumi matatu nemakumi mana nemakumi mana inosangana nemazita aLouis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Glenn Miller, Ella Fitzgerald nevamwe vaimbi vakakurumbira.

Yakanga iri nguva yezvikwata zvakakura, kureva, masimba makuru emitambo yaisanganisira vazhinji vanobatanidzwa. Basa rinobvumirana rinoda kuenderana nekugadzirisa. Sezvo mutemo, mutungamiri weimba yemitambo iye pachake akatamba mitambo inotungamirira. Urongwa hwacho hwakanyatsorongedzerwa, asi pane dzimwe humwe hutano hwakanaka hwekuvandudzwa hwakapinda mumhosva. Iko kukwanisa kutenderera ndeyekuti jazz artists vainge vakasiyana nevamwe vaimbi. Mabhizimusi makuru akafamba.

Mumakumi mashanu, mutsva wechidiki mutsva wakamuka-rock'n'roll, iyo yakawana zviratidzo zvakawanda zvejaizz-rhythm, chido chekufungisisa, blues mutenderedzero uye kuwedzerwa kwekutaura. Zvechokwadi, yaive yakafanana chete, asi yakakurumidza, yakasimbiswa kune yechipiri neyechina chikamu chebhari. Zvaiita sokuti nhoroondo ye jazz yakasvika pakuguma, asi yakanga isiripo.

Chimiro chekushanduka-shanduka, kuratidzira kusagadzikana kusingaoneki. Dave Brubeck, Count Basie, BB King nevamwe vakawanda vanoita, kusanganisira Armstrong naElla Fitzgerald, vakaramba vachifadzwa nekubudirira zvikuru.

Chiitiko chinonyanya kukosha munharaunda yemimhanzi yemazuva ano chaive kunyorwa kweunyanzvi -George Gershwin, uyo akanyora miviri yemabasa emimhanzi kune imwe nziyo dzeimba. Vake "America muParis", "Blue Rhapsody" uye, zvechokwadi, opera "Porgy naBess" yakava yekutanga.

Nhoroondo ye jazz yakaenderera mberi nemunyori anoshamisa Leonard Bernstein.

Mumakumi matanhatu, chimiro chakanga chagadziriswa nemitambo mitsva, yakaratidzwa nehupamhi hwehutsika. Zvisinei, izvi "zvinopisa" zvakanga zvisati zvitsva, Charlie Parker achiri kumakumi makumi mana akashanda nenzira iyi.

Munguva yedu, jazz haigoni kutaridzirwa sechiitiko choga cheAmerica, chave chichibva kune dzimwe nyika.

Nyaya yake inopfuurira. Pamusana pemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, mutendi wose anogona kusarudza iye zvino, zvaanoda.