Nizhny Novgorod NPP: rondedzero, zvisungo kuvakwa, dzinonakidza mashoko uye wongororo

About kuvaka chinhu chinokosha zvakadaro nokuti upfumi sezvo Nizhny Novgorod NPP, nhepfenyuro vakatanga kushuma shure muna 2006. The chirongwa yemapurisa iri Serial uye pari pamusoro payo ari kuvaka Novovoronezh NPP. Customer kuti nzvimbo itsva iyi kambani "Energoatom". Chaizvoizvo chirongwa yambokurukurwa ne ouinjiniya kambani "Atomproekt" (Nizhny Novgorod).

Feasibility okuvaka

To musi, muna Nizhny Novgorod nharaunda, zvinosuwisa, hakuna simba risina guru chirimwa. Mune zvose izvi zvemarudzi mafekitari kushanda mudunhu kwazvo. Saka, kwaiva nesimba inova chipinganidzo chikuru iri kukura remunharaunda upfumi. Kuvaka simba renyukireya miti anogona kukubatsira kugadzirisa zvachose dambudziko. Mushure erection chakakomba chinhu, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, munzvimbo achavawo zviuru mabasa matsva. Nyanzvi vanoti pakuvaka chechitima kuchabatsirawo kwete chete muna Nizhny Novgorod, asiwo pedyo munzvimbo. Pashure pezvose, magetsi romugove pashure kuvakwa renyukireya simba chirimwa vanotarisirwa kubereka uye ikoko.

Kupi vachavaka Nizhny Novgorod NPP - chisarudzo chokupedzisira

In vaigadzirira renyukireya nesimba chirimwa chirongwa pakutanga vaiona nzvimbo mbiri kuitwa riri: 23 km kubva Murom, pedyo nomusha Monakovo (Navashino dunhu) kana 20 km kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero Uren (Uren). Muna 2009, pashure pokutsvakurudza kuitwa panzvimbo, zvatinofarira akapiwa wokutanga musimboti. Station kuvaka saka pedyo Monakovo. Zvave kuti kuvakwa renyukireya simba miti munzvimbo achaita mari mabhiriyoni 20 rubles isingadhuri.

Chii chichaitika nevanhu vanogara

Sezvo basa Developers vanoti, Nizhny Novgorod NPP - chinhu ane kuvaka zvakatipoteredza haangazozikamwi kukanganiswa munharaunda. Modern nenhepfenyuro zvakavakwa nenzira yakadaro kuti kunyange zvakananga mundima yavo zvawanzwa kumashure nemwaranzi haina kuchengetwa. Naizvozvo, misha pedyo nzvimbo kuvakwa itsva simba renyukireya chirimwa kugadzirisa Zvechokwadi, kwete. Mukuwedzera, kuvakwa ravarwi achava vakurukurirane kuwedzera kukura kwezvivako Navashino eruwa.

kunopesana

Zvechokwadi, zvakafadza pakuvaka kuchiteshi Nizhny Novgorod nharaunda harisi zvose. The chikuru nharo pamusoro vavengi kuvakwa chivako ichi kuisa mberi kuti vari kuramba achiumbwa pedyo vomumusha Monakovo karst kukundikana. Zvisinei, chirongwa Developers kuzorodza vanhu kuti Geological kuongorora nyika kugadzikana munzvimbo dzakawanda makiromita awanikwa kuti kuvakwa vezvikwata.

patani Features

Zvinofungirwa kuti vanoumba renyukireya simba chirimwa muna Nizhny Novgorod nharaunda vachava vezvikwata zviviri. Kukwanisa kwavo vanosvika 2510 MW. Uyezve zviri aronga kuvaka mamwe reactors maviri. Pakutanga, Nizhniy Novgorod NPP aida kushandisa simba vamapoka VVER-1200. Gare gare, zvisinei, sarudza kushandisa imwe pfungwa nani uye akachengeteka. Maererano kuitika chirongwa, chirimwa achashandisa mvura-dzaserera VVER-Toi. NPP pachayo kuchasanganisira chivako chikuru, zvivako, ichipa akachengeteka, uye rutsigiro zvivako.

Transportation pamusoro munharaunda chiteshi aifanira kuita wekutanga chitima / njanji. Zvisinei, gare gare kwakasarudzwa kutsiva motokari. Zvinokwanisika yokuderedza nzvimbo yemapurisa uye nokudaro kuderedza mari.

VVER-Toi

Kutsiviwa VVER-1200 ari VVER-Toi zvikurukuru nokuda vawedzere pashure Fukushima vakachengeteka zvinodiwa. Nuclear nani VVER-Toi reactor anokwanisa kukurira washington, madutu uye mhepo velocity ya56 m / s, kudengenyeka kwenyika - kusvika 8 pfungwa, akawira ndege yairema matani 400, ane kuvafurira kuvhunduka chinozunguzirwa kusvika 30 kPa. Zvakanakira ari VVER-Toi, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kusanganisira chokwadi chokuti kana chero matambudziko, pakarepo kwaanoda kure kwaita.

pfungwa yefizikisi

Vanamazvikokota vakawanda vanodavira kuti kuvakwa renyukireya simba chirimwa muna Nizhny Novgorod mudunhu Chokwadi, zvakakodzera uye zvakakodzera. Reviews pamusoro yefizikisi pamusoro renyukireya kazhinji Chokwadi, zvakanaka. Zvakanakira kuvakwa renyukireya simba miti dzinosanganisira:

• ari hama cheapness okuwana hwesimba;

• zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza rucheno vakawana chigadzirwa;

• tinogona kuchengetedza nzvimbo (NPP nenzvimbo imwe nzvimbo diki tichienzanisa nedzimwe mhando zvechitima).

Zvisinei, kunyange pakati yefizikisi pane vavengi kuvakwa miti yakadaro. Nyanzvi dzakawanda funga pfungwa kuvashandisa nengozi.

In Nizhny Novgorod, mumwe initiators pamusoro pemitongo zviito pamusoro kuvakwa chinhu akadai Nizhny Novgorod NPP, razova yefizikisi A. Ozharovsky inozivikanwa yenyukireya. Maererano naye, Navashino ruwa - kwete yakanakisisa nzvimbo kuvaka yenyukireya simba chirimwa. kwete kuvaka hapana nokusingaperi munyika Carsten NPP. Muna Nizhny Novgorod nharaunda, chokwadi, zvichava uiswe chiedzwa ngozi. Zvisinei, sezvo akataura A. Ozharovsky, kuvaka yemapurisa pamusoro karst nzvimbo kunyange zvakawanda ngozi pane ari seismically kushingaira nharaunda.

Maonero zvavo vomunyika

Kuvaka simba renyukireya chirimwa muna Nizhny Novgorod nharaunda Navashino Chokwadi, kwakamutsa hwakakanyiwa maitiro munharaunda. Pashure wevatariri vakabvumirana pamusoro kuvakwa chivako ichi chinokosha, vagari yacho, chokwadi, akavakamura kuva mapoka maviri. Vamwe vagari muchifarira rokuvaka renyukireya simba zvinomera, tichifunga kuti ichi chinhu chakanaka chaizvo mari nzvimbo yacho. Uye, naizvozvo, kuwedzera acho zvakanaka kuva vose vaigara Nizhny Novgorod. Other categorically havadi kurarama pedyo chinhu chakadaro ngozi uye kuronga zvose kunyunyuta - kubva Misangano mikuru kudare purezidhendi. Zvisinei, maererano evanhu, mukana kuhwina dzezvakatipoteredza uye vavengi kuvakwa mumamiriro ezvinhu, hapana zvachose hapana. Kunyange zvazvo kunaka dzakawanda paruzhinji maitiro, ravarwi achaita pakupedzisira kuti amisa.

kuvaka nguva

Chokwadi, kuti kana uye kupi vachavaka yenyukireya simba chirimwa Nizhny Novgorod, ndinoda kuziva vanhu vakawanda, kwete chete mudunhu, asiwo akapoteredza. Wokutanga chirongwa kuti ishande kuchiteshi muna Monakovo nzvimbo musha inofanira kutanga kare 2014. Hearings pakurigadzira rakaitwa muna 2009. The chirongwa unogamuchirwa, asi NPP haana atanga kuvaka. Vanopikisa pakuvaka yemapurisa vaiva kurerukirwa. Zvisinei, muna January 2013, Mutevedzeri-President wenyika JSC "NIAEP" upfumi B. Katz akati kuti pakuvaka renyukireya simba chirimwa uchatanga muna 2014. Asi panguva ino deadlines vakanga vambomira. Maererano achangopfuura mashoko akataurwa vamiririri Nizhny Novgorod remunharaunda Kutarisirwa, kuchatanga kuvakwa panhepfenyuro pasi Monakovo muna 2019 The yokutanga chikwata ichi nyaya kuchaita yaishandirwa 2022, wechipiri - muna 2025. Chimwe reactors maviri kuti yakavakwa 2030.

Interesting zvinhu pamusoro simba renyukireya

Saka Nizhny Novgorod NPP kuvaka akamutsa chepamutemo kutya evoruzhinji. Chokwadi, kutya vemo vanogona kunzi kupfuura kwakarurama. Mune chiitiko petsaona pane imwe nzvimbo yakadaro vachava nemigumisiro kwete chete ngozi, asi zvikuru zvechokwadi. Uyezve, kuchachinja kwete chete kuvagari Nizhny Novgorod nharaunda, asiwo vose rakapoteredza. Zvakakwana kuyeuka kuti paChernobyl tsaona kaienda kusvibiswa kundima, kwete chete muUkraine asiwo Belarus, Russia uye kunyange Europe.

The kuvakwa nzvimbo Nizhny Novgorod NPP, zvichida haana kwazvo akasarudzwa. Zvisinei, zhinji dzeruzhinji nezvemhosva nhepfenyuro dzakadaro hadzisi zvachose kwakarurama. Chaizvoizvo chaityisa kungovimba chaiko tsaona pa simba renyukireya chirimwa nemwaranzi vhinza. Mune zvimwe zvose miriwo simba renyukireya - yakachengeteka chaizvo zvivako, zvakatipoteredza dzakapoteredza nzvimbo yakanga rakapotsa asina simba. Saka, somuenzaniso:

• Pane maonero kuti vanhu vanogara pedyo renyukireya simba miti kazhinji kutambura neleukemia. Zvisinei, chokwadi ichi hazvirevi nesayenzi nekusimba. Maererano nenhamba, chirwere chacho zvakafanana zvakakurumbira pose.

• Vamwe simba Vashori kwenyukireya vanodavira kuti magandanga anogona kwaireva reactor, Somuenzaniso, dzikapiswa mundege, kukonzera dambudziko. Zvisinei, ngwarira tsvakurudzo uye Masvomhu dzakaratidza kuti hapana chokufambisa, mutakurwi kana uto ndege ipi huru kukuvara zvinhu zvakadaro ita havangagoni.

• Panewo maonero kuti mwaranzi simba renyukireya chirimwa nokukurumidza nemafashamo kumativi ose. Zvisinei, izvozvo hazvina kurasika. Waste pa simba renyukireya miti harioneki. Huripo okuchengetera kukasawedzerwa kanopfuura kamwe pamakore 20-40.

Ndezvipi zvimwe zviteshi ichavakwa Russia mumakore anouya

Chikamu basa hombe, izvo yainorongwa muRussia kusvika 2030, ndivo South Urals, Nizhny Novgorod uye Tatar NPP. Panguva ino, kunze kuchiteshi Monakovo, zviri kutarisirwa kuvaka reactors maviri Ozersk (kuChelyabinsk nharaunda), uye vaviri - mumusha. Kamskie Glade (RT).

South Ural simba renyukireya chirimwa achapedzisira umbwa vezvikwata matatu. Kukwanisa chayo kwakafanana 2400 MW. Pakutanga vaiona nzvimbo dzinoverengeka yemapurisa. Pakupedzisira, kusarudza yakaitwa muchifarira kugarwa Metlino pedyo netaundi Ozersk. Maererano zvaiitwa yemapurisa iri BN-800 zvichange iiswe.

Tatar NPP racho muhurukuro 70s remakore rapfuura. Preparatory mabasa ari kuvakwa rakasarudzwa naye pedyo nomusha Polyana Kamskie akatanga muna 1980. Zvinosuruvarisa Muchirimo 1990, nzvimbo iyi nokuda kwokushaya mari yakanga chando. Maererano chirongwa chitsva panguva chirimwa achapiwa iiswe muzvikamu zvina. Pakupedzisira, ravarwi anokwanisa 1210 MW.

pachinzvimbo mhedziso

Saka, munyaya takazoziva apo zvichaitwa Nizhny Novgorod NPP iri uye kana zvichanzi amisa. Kuvaka chivako ichi pedyo Murom pedyo nomusha Monakovo. Chokwadi, kubatsira renyukireya simba chirimwa kuvaka nzvimbo achagamuchira chaizvo. Nizhny Novgorod Vatariri vakanga vatora sarudzo iri kwayo kuvaka, unogona kunzwisiswa. simba dhefisiti munzvimbo ine zvechokwadi yakakura. Asi voruzhinji, Chokwadi, zviri kuonekwa chinokosha. Kanenge zviremera vanosungirwa kutaura zvakajeka kutsanangurira vokuparidzira sei nengozi ndiko kuvaka yemapurisa pedyo nomusha Monakovo - iri karst munharaunda.