Non-rinobva uye rinobva mashoko: mienzaniso

Morphologically invariable chikamu shoko anotakura lexical rinoreva - ndiyo nheyo, riri zvichienderana payo vari siyana vasiri rinobva uye rinobva mashoko. Nechimwe ane kodzero: zvayakaita uye semantically.

misiyano

Non-rinobva hwaro haisi semantically kukurudzirwa, nekuti hazvigoni kutsanangurwa uchibatsirwa chokuita nemashoko, uye zviri morphologically nechlenima. In yayo chimiro, zviri yakaenzana pamudzi weshoko. Somuenzaniso: -a matanda; shinga fung; -o mhando; S nzizi uye zvichingodaro.

nheyo ava vasiri rinobva. Uye shoko iri rinobva pashoko maererano maitiro aya zvinogona kupatsanurwa: semantically chakaita, anotsanangura kusarudza pakati ukama nheyo. Sechivako zviri nyore chlenima huviri vakaenzana Unit mutengo, kuti ndiyo nheyo chaizvo, kuti aumbe mumichero mashoko, uye namira preformative. Mienzaniso aizova zvakafanana: matanda -n-fung; -skeleton kushinga; mhando-kubva-a;

The anovhara rokutanga - garo

Non-rinobva uye rinobva mashoko anotaura nzvimbo shoko inotungamirwa, apo musimboti pfungwa ndiyo nheyo - pechingoro kana kubereka. Kubva nechigadziko chimiro zvinoreva, kuti zvakarurama, rwunoratidzwa rinobva, chaiyo nekuti iye anonzi kuti anokurudzira kuti rinobva pamusoro substrate. Saka, mujinga rinobva pashoko ndiyo hwaro ingakurudzira. Somuenzaniso, mune shoko-huni ist- yokutanga inokosha nheyo - huni, asi ndiyo hwaro chipauro lesist- ingakurudzira. Saka siyana uye mashoko rinobva uye nomukaka.

The anovhara chokutanga ichi shoko rokuvaka nheyo Dendere iri huni, uye ndicho nechigadziko, sezvinoitwa mumwe shoko hwokurara. Iyewo, anogona kuva asiri rinobva, nekuti zvose hunobva pakugona kumedura kupinda neimwe nhengo. Somuenzaniso, shoko chisango -skeleton. Muzviitiko zvose, zviri zvose pamusoro pachikuva rinobva. Ndiko, danho rokutanga - rinobva shoko, zvinobva mudzi morpheme, muri dzisiri rinobva hwaro, uye matanho vose vaivapo kuti shoko rinobva.

zvirongwa

Dérivés nevasiri hunde ane shoko racho okukura mamiriro anogona anomiririrwa zvinotevera mazano:

1. Basic hwaro (I) + preformative suffix (II) + inflexion. Mienzaniso: anozvikudza -skeleton; -k-uye peq; knizh N-ndipo.

2. Shoko-inotungamirwa chivakashure (II) + nechigadziko framework (I) + inflexion. Mienzaniso: HA vseg hongu; pra- VNU k.

3. Shoko-inotungamirwa chivakashure (II) + nechigadziko framework (I) + derivational suffix (II) + inflexion. Mienzaniso: co kukurukurirana -Kwete-K; pri- gungwa -rm Rd.

Saka zvinogona akagadzira kubva pamusoro zvirongwa dzinokosha mapatani kweshoko inotungamirwa mumutauro weRussia. Dérivés uye asiri chawo mashoko zvikuru nyore demarcated.

zvinhu zvinokosha

Utongi Chokutanga: shoko nguva dzose inoumbwa musimboti kuumbwa, riri kuwanika mumutauro uye rubatsiro pakupfuura ichi, derivational affixes. Kazhinji, pfungwa hwaro - kushanda pfungwa, nokuti zvinogonawo kuti nhamba mashoko, Chokwadi kubva chete mudzi, isu vanoumba vashoma uye dzimwe nguva zhinji vamwe. Somuenzaniso, ari pazita kuitika ose adjectives, izvo akasiyana chete okukura affixes: -a musoro - musoro -n-fung - -ast musoro kutanga; - Eye N-ndipo - -ast ziso wokutanga, uye zvichingodaro.

Mashoko ose vane pfuma nomukaka uye asiri zvinoreva shoko iri zvikurukuru kunotsamira. Asi chinokosha kuumbwa vari nomukaka zvose. Kana iye chlenima chawo, saka pane nezvinetso, uye kunyange zvikanganiso zviri okukura affixes. Somuenzaniso: Mumwe pazita, sezvo tarenda, runobva chipauro unyanzvi, uye kwete ndiEzekieri, sezvo nguva dzose zvinoitika. Noun tarenda kwaiva kuumba tarenda -liv pakutanga, uye pano chete uye paiva pazita itsva namira - nomuzongoza. Tikasadaro, tingadai tine "-skeleton tarenda" sezvo chinhu kushata.

affixes

The ushe wechipiri: Mashoko ose mupfungwa imwe inokosha nezvigadziko zviri kuwanikwa chete namira kana mumwe rwayo. Pano, nheyo kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro derivability kushumira nheyo motivational ukama mashoko anokosha uye avo nomukaka. Chokwadi, izvi zvinowedzera kunzwisisa kuti nheyo Chiitiko mashoko akawanda. In Russian, vakawanda polysemous dzavo, uye izvi zvinoratidzwa shoko nokuumbwa.

Kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro nemamiriro rinobva uye multivalued chepakutanga rokuti kazhinji zvikuru zvinoshamisa vakasiyana mumwe. Rinobva kazhinji ane chinhu kuita chimwe chinhu, ari oga kukosha, uye izvi zvakasiyana dzinokosha kunyatsogona. Pano mukuru basa reDare nomukaka uye zvisiri neshoko hwaro. Mienzaniso anogona kuwanikwa pose pose. Tora chipauro okuberekwa. Values naye vashoma: munhu, mhuka kana chinhu yasvika kukwegura; chinhu refu, huripo kubva kare; refu kushandiswa, akwegura, fuck kubva nguva nenguva; akare; maturo, haushandi; wekare, yechinyakare, kunze ndezvechinyakare uye zvakawanda. The boka kunobva shoko uye Rinobatanidzwa vakawanda rokutanga bhuku nechigadziko zvigadziko ukoshi: penga nokuda kokuchembera mutana kukwegura, akwegura, akwegura, kukwegura, zera uye zvichingodaro. Nokudaro sokuti nomukaka, kuchinja kwokutanga ukoshi.

Non-rinobva Mashoko

Zvinozivikanwa kuti muganhu pakati nemakirasi dzinomirira kushora chaiwo chii shoko rinobva neasiri rinobva iyo, chaizvoizvo zvakakwana. Aktsentologichesky ongororo yokuti musiyano kuitira kuti asiri rinobva Mapato ndiko mazwi vasina kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro ukama huripo chaizvoizvo shoko chero mumutauro weRussia. Izhinji: mukwende, munyori, mupenyu, mvura, simba, tora, uye zvichingodaro. Uyezve, asiri rinobva inofanira shoko rine chawo odnomorfnoy - kuhukura, vachimhanya zvichingodaro. Pakati non-rinobva richava shoko, saka kutaura, "kwainoita kuti".

Ko "nomukaka uye vasiri rinobva mashoko" kuchijeka apo kujekesa pfungwa morpheme kubatana. Connections inogona gobvu uye kwete. batanidza sei mbiri shoko-siyana mune shoko rimwe? The chikuru Chikamu - huripo shoko fomu tisingatungamirirwi. Processing nokunatsiridza, zvitsvuku uye akanaka, nokubuda - miriyoni mienzaniso. Ndicho okupedzisira - dzakabatanidzwa zvakasimba, uye vokutanga - zvakasiyana-siyana.

Word Vashandi

Hazvigoni kunyonganiswa rinobva uye kubudisa shoko. Kubereka - anoshanda zvakananga kubva kwaari, uye pane rinobva, avo muzongoza zvemari yokungodzokorora kwevabereki zvinoyemurika, asi kwete zvachose, uyewo pamusoro mwanakomana akafanana, uye mai vake, uye baba vake, uye kunyange huru-tete: pane kuguma truncated, uye dzimwe nguva uye suffix nokupera. Basa-Nick - basa-dig via; pa-chain-crate - pamwe-chain-uye zvichingodaro. Pano kubereka shoko haachinji, uye rinobva vakawana pachishandiswa affixes uye kazhinji haana kufanana nemashoko ane purogiramu hwaro.

Nezvenyaya iyi - "Mashoko rinobva uye non-rinobva" - pfupiso chidzidzo kwaizova kunakidza, nokuti risinganyatsozivikanwi kuti rakabva papi iri chaizvo zvakasimba chokuita kwose kuvapo kwevanhu. The mudzidzisi nyore nenzvimbo kusarudzwa mienzaniso, kuenzanisa uye mifananidzo.

kuongorora

Kuenzanisa Kuongorora rinobva shoko namashoko chokuita nayo, kuti zviri pedyo zvakunoreva uye ruzha, haukwanisi, zvoitwa kakawanda. Zvakaoma chaizvo kupa mhinduro dzoga kuti mubvunzo kuti chii zvinonzi non-rinobva mashoko. Dérivés uyewo nyore kushanda. izwi iri pacharo yakanyanya pahupamhi, sezvo vakafukidza chihombe derivational dendere, umo nomukaka zvisina chete kubudisa urongwa kuti tiri kufarira, asiwo zvakawanda mashoko asina zvakananga ukama pazviri, chaizvo chokuita masangano.

Somuenzaniso, ari chipauro-nguva kutaura-chiv kutanga. Unogona kuunza kufanana nemashoko: nguva-mutauro-yus, nguva-kuudza-nayo-hsia, nguva-mutauro-ru, nguva-manzwi-kana-musasa. Uye pane mumwe chete, wechipiri richava zvibereko, uye kuumbwa zvakananga kubva chiri chipauro. Okupedzisira maviri kuita mamwe, havafaniri kuedza yasarudzwa dzefoni kuongorora mirayiridzo, nokuti chipauro nguva-remutauro-chiv akatanga kuumbwa kwete kubva rechiito uye pazita nguva-hurukuro, ndiko kuti, kubva substativnoy kugadzira zvigadziko uye kufamba nguva (chimiro) - kubva kuitika chokuti, yaisanganisira zvose suffixes sezvo mamwe masangano. Kubva pano uye inogona kuona, zvinoreva asiri rinobva uye rinobva pane shoko neshoko-inotungamirwa.

Asi - Definition

Non-rinobva Mashoko anogona kunzi sezvo avo dzisina kuumbwa kana aumba kubva chero huripo chete midzi mumutauro mashoko. The nomukaka mashoko - zvakanyatsosiyana. inotungamirwa ichi mashoko hunotovapo mumutauro, achibatsirwa siyana yemashoko shoko inotungamirwa. The kurudziro nokuti tiri hukama pakati maviri mashoko cognate. Kukosha mumwe wavo akatsunga kana neimwe ukoshi (gakanje - gakanje-vaIri, kureva, diki, asi achiri gakanje), kana kuburikidza kuzivikanwa zvinoriumba zvose, kunze zvivakamutauro zvinoreva kutaura (White Ground - chena-Phi-munhu , tsvukuruka-to-kuva - achimhanya zvichingodaro).

Okukura cheni rinonzi dzakatevedzana mashoko nevakawanda mudzi, vari kuramba anokurudzirwa. Kwokutanga, kubatana yepakutanga - unmotivated shoko, ipapo shoko rimwe nerimwe richangobva kuumbwa chido inokura. Saka kunorondedzerwa, uye nomukaka uye rinobva mashoko. Mienzaniso: yakasakadza yekutanga - old-et - the-kare-et - the-kare-kudyiwa kutanga - the-kare-eri-awn. Pano chelyh madhigirii mana chido, uye pamwe chete vanoumba derivational dendere, apo manyana saka zvakawanda. Initial shoko - sokunge shiri-mai, imwe mhando yepamusoro - zviri unmotivated. Kubva uzvimirire shoko-nokuumba ngetani kuti zvakafanana shoko repakutanga.

morpheme

Chokutanga, unofanira kupa tsanangudzo nechimwe chinhu chacho. Part weshoko, iro akaratidza ayo lexical zvinoreva inonzi hwaro. Flexion - ndiwo magumo, iro nguva dzose anotaura nhamba shoko nevamwe. Mudzi - chikamu shoko iri zvakajairika zvose chokuita. Affixes (kana formants) - morpheme, kubatana kumusoro uye mumushumire kuumba mashoko matsva.

Modern Russian shoko inotungamirwa kunoitika zvakawanda - zvose morphologically uye nemorfologicheskimi. Chekutanga - muenzaniso vasanganiswa morpheme mubishi shoko inotungamirwa.

nzira shoko inotungamirwa

The morphological nzira shoko inotungamirwa zviri zvikuru zvakawanda.

1. Vakai nheyo, iyo inotungamirwa mashoko akaoma uye slozhnosokraschonnyh (pasi-vachidzungudza, denga-nzvimbo hwemvura kosi uye paradhiso-ru, chiso-kwete, BEAC Bank).

2. Kashoma kushandiswa bezaffiksny nzira chinoshanda chete emazita, izvozvo anochinja zvinoenderana ruzha, uye pakupera kunetseka asi hwaro anoramba kuzochinja.

3. Affiksny - inobereka zvikuru, kana akabatana mudzi morpheme, kusika uye lexical uye girama siyana.

4. The suffix - the suffix vakanyanyisa chawo.

5. The prefixed - chivakashure vakawedzera.

6. suffixal prefixing - azvaitwa akawedzera uye ipapo, uye zvakawanda.

7. Postaffixal - namira akawedzera pashure kuvhara.

Nemorfologicheskih nzira shoko inotungamirwa zvose nhatu: lexical uye kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro (shoko ine dudziro itsva), lexical uye syntactic (aimbova pamwe mitsara zvakafanana-pfungwa-akaburuka) uye morphological, syntactic, apo mashoko ave dzimwe kutaura. Ndaziva mitemo kweshoko inotungamirwa, vanhu kare anogona kupindura chii mashoko nomukaka uye vasiri nomukaka zviri kumbobvira.