November 13 - International Day of Blind. Zvakaitika International Day of Blind

Kwete chete vachifara musi kuchiratidzwa nenyika vemunharaunda. Kune avo, musi November 13 - International Day of Blind. Panguva ino 1745, ini ndakaberekwa Valentin Haüy - akatanga imwe yokutanga munhoroondo zvikoro mapofu, mudzidzisi uye vanozvipira, uyo akazogadzira nzira yokudzidzisa kuverenga zvakanaka pamberi penyu makazvisika Braille.

Valentin Haüy - zvenyika yokutanga tiflopedagog

The sainzi dzidzo uye kurovedza gomunhu havachaoni zvakanaka vakagamuchira kusunda wokutanga yechipiri yezana XVIII remakore. Akamuka kubva Valentina Gayui - French mudzidzisi, philanthropist uye muvambi, uyo aiva mumwe wokutanga tiflopedagogov uye akabudisa bhuku rokutanga mapofu munyika.

Uyu murume akaberekwa muna 1745 pedyo neguta Amiens, mumhuri yomunhu murombo romuruki French. Akagamuchira dzidzo yepamusoro muguta guru uye aishanda mushanduri panguva Ushumiri Foreign. Hauy verenga mumitauro inoverengeka Eastern, nyanzvi yechiLatin, chiGiriki, chiHebheru.

Muna 1974, anotora danho rokutanga kune chii gare gare chichava zuva raakazvarwa anozivikanwa nevakawanda: 13 November - International Day of Blind. Sezvo kare akabata mudzidzisi uye nyanzvi, ataura chikoro bofu vana, uye anozviita achizvibhadharira zvaanoda, pasina kubatsirwa hurumende kana zvimwe Sponsors.

First vadzidzi vana pokugara ikoko akatanga kudzidzisa Hauy iro rinoshandiswa pachake nzira kwayo uye Fonts yakatanga naye - "zvakare".

Iye tega uye "sezvaari" kudhinda mudziyo akamisa pachikoro wokudhinda uye yakabudiswa mubhuku rake. izvi zvose Akaperekedzwa kwakanaka uwandu nematambudziko zvemari. Mamiriro kwakavandudza chete pashure pacho vakadzidza mambo - iye pakupedzisira kutsigira nemari.

Made Hauy hakugumiri pakusikwa chikoro - basa rake zvikuru kukosha: aitambisa basa rinokosha somumwe wokutanga tiflopedagogov, anoziva kukosha kwedzidzo mapofu, iyo akapa mukana kudzidza, basa, anoratidza muenzaniso vazhinji, vanhu vazhinji muFrance uye pasi pose.

Nokuti dhigirii ake, kuti dzakachengeta munhu uyu aishamisa, kuti WHO zvakatangwa vanopemberera November 13 International Day of Blind.

Mamiriro ezvinhu Tsarist Russia

Work Valentina Gayui akaonekwa kwete chete muFrance. Muna 1803 yokuRussia Emperor Alexander I akabvunza mudzidzisi muna Russia, uye muna 1806 raakasvika St. Petersburg kuti pave nesangano mapofu kana vanhu vane kukwana chiratidzo kurasikirwa.

Zvisinei, basa rakanga yakaoma kunzwisisa zvikuru kupfuura zvaiita pakutanga kuaona. Kunyange France, haana ndezvomunhu vakakwirira uye mhuri shoroma kuita bofu vanhu dukuduku - kazhinji mugumo wavo rakanga achipemha.

MuRussia, zvinhu zvakanga zvakatonyanya kuipa. The Ministry of Education yakashuma Hauy kuti "hapana vana bofu muRussia", uye kutanga zvakare akatsvaka vevaanodzidzisa pachake. Staff, bhajeti uye bumbiro zvikoro zvave aifarirwa mambo chete pagore pashure pakasvika mudzidzisi, muna 1807.

Asi, paiva vanhu vachida kudzidzisa uye kudzidza, kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvakadaro. Pakazosvika zhizha 1808 vadzidzi chikoro vakanga ainyatsoziva kunyora, kuverenga, jogirafi sayenzi vamwe uye ounyanzvi.

Rinopikisa zvinangwa zvavo, Hauy danho nedanho pedyo kuzivikanwa mapofu vanhu kubatsira vanhu. Ichokwadi, haana kuziva kuti basa rake vaizobhabhatidzwa vakaonga saka vana, kuti kamwe achaparadzwa kupembererwa pazuva raakaberekwa - November 13 - International Day of Blind. Pictures vadzidzi vakabudirira nechokwadi kuti Vaongorori yaiitisa odhita iri chete 1808. Labor mudzidzisi French mberi.

Pashure pokushanda mumunda ichi kwemakore anopfuura 10 apfuura, Valentin Haüy akasiya Russia muna 1817, vachiwana Order of yokurega pakati Vladimir 4th dhigirii "Over vanoshingaira kushingaira" kubva Emperor Alexander I. Mushure kuenda muvambi wechikoro varasikirwa kukosha kwayo sezvo sangano iri rokudzidzisa.

The ezvinhu aripo

Muna 1984, kuti WHO akadana yepamutemo date: November 13 - International Day of Blind. Kubvira ipapo, zvakatora nguva refu - paiva Braille akakwana, anokosha zvikoro vanhu vakaremara ziso mano vava ubiquitous. Muna 2001 isu ndipo 120th musi unoenderana hurongwa kurovedza mapofu kuRussia, iyo KK akatanga kubva chikoro Cavern.

It akaita basa guru, uye pakanga paine matarenda nenyanzvi kuti zvinopa kwete chete dzidzo mukuru asi kunobatsirawo kukurira mupfungwa uye magariro matambudziko.

Recent kuitika zvemichina, dzakadai bionic ziso, kupa tariro kupora uye kusukwa dambudziko upofu zvavo. Panguva iyoyowo kuramba kugadzwa uye kuvandudzika pamusoro nenhumbi uye mano kubatsira mapofu vanhu kuti ishande uye kurarama munyika yanhasi.

chena sengere

In mupfungwa vanhu pane seboka mufananidzo murume ane havachanyatsogoni maziso - kazhinji ndiwo munhu murima magirazi pamwe nomudonzvo uye imbwa inotungamirira. Pfungwa iyi haina kuuya pasina. Pakuyeuka Valentine Gayui isu vanopemberera 13 November International Day of Bofu, ane chiratidzo - chena sengere - saka zvakakosha kuti zuva "ravo".

Kokutanga chinhu ichi chakaonekwa 1921, uye chiitiko ichi chiri chokuita nezita wechidiki mifananidzo, James Biggs reBristol. Akawana kuti hapana netsoka kana vatyairi havana kupindura ake sengere dema (paiva nguva apo ane chishongedzo kwakadaro rave richiparadzirwa), uye repainted nawo chena. Zvakaitika zvakabudirira.

Popularization chizenga hwokugadzira mberi

Inotevera pavaipfuura popularization yemavara ichi vakauya muna 1930-1931. aristocrat French uye benefactress Guillen zh'Erbemon pamwe mutariri dzeParis mapurisa yechimiro chedungamunhu chena sengere pfungwa yakanaka aivabatsira vanhu mapofu kuenda vakakomba guta.

Mukuwedzera, chinhu ndiye "aramu" kune vamwe kuti ino chaiyo munhu - bofu. It chakatengwa zvakaendeswa vazhinji vachifamba tsotso, uye akarongeka pamwero mukuru zvokushambadzira chirongwa. Kwapera gore, yakafanana zvakaitika UK - sangano rinoyamura "Michina Club," ndakawana uye vakapa tsvimbo chena kuti tisaona vazhinji yeBritain.

Zviitiko izvi akaita basa rinokosha. Zvino cherechedza uye 15 October (Day of White Cane), zvakangofanana sepanyika 13 November, International Day of Blind. Photos of hunhu izvi uye "vabatsiri" - a kakawanda chinhu mifananidzo kusvikira zvinhu emapofu vanhu.

Modern dzomuzana, apo kuridza basa "aramu" uye chiratidzo kwava zvikuru mberi. Pane mimwe "makazara" pamwe zvemagetsi, inozivisa muridzi tichibatsirwa inzwi nezvimwe zviratidzo pamusoro zvipingamupinyi, kubatsira kusarudza nzira uye yokunzvenga zvikamu ngozi. On the mabasa avari kare kusvika, uye zvakanaka kuverenga kutsiva mumwe chiratidzo bofu - muperekedzi imbwa.

shamwari yomunhu yepamwoyo netsoka dzakapfava mana

Wokutanga kuedza enderana kugadzirira vabatsiri mhuka anganzi chikoro German akasika munguva World War First. Chinangwa chavo chaiva kutungamirira imbwa vakadzidziswa kubatsira hondo yerusununguko. Mune US, zvikoro izvi dzave kubvira 1929, muna UK - kubva 1931. Zvisinei, mhuka zvaishandiswa pamwe yakafanana chinangwa kubva panguva yakare.

Kakawanda, basa richitungamirira akadzidziswa Rottweilers, Labrador Retrievers, Vafudzi German, Giant Schnauzers, asi iwe unogona kudzidzisa chero imbwa dzinenge. Mune dzimwe nyika, navabatsiri vakadaro ndivo vanobvumirwa chero nzvimbo - kuRussia, somuenzaniso, vanofamba pamusoro mabhazi pachena.

Zvakaitika International Day of Blind

Unotara 13 November, International Day of Bofu, kuti manyorero haana kuita zvakaoma. Hezvino zviitiko izvi zvakaitika muna 2014:

• KuChelyabinsk Regional Special Library nokuti nemaziso vasingadzoreki akabata emibvunzo;
• "Mitambo-adaptive chikoro" Ramani Az "iri Chechen Republic patafura tenesi pakati B1 (bofu zvachose);
• muna Yekaterinburg yavose sangano "White Cane" akabata rakatenderera netafura "Inclusion - Society - okugadzira zvinhu", unyanzvi kuratidzwa, dombo konzati.

Vana vari zvakare haana Aizvirumbidza 13 November, International Day of Blind. Homeroom wakaitirwa muzvikoro zvizhinji Republic of Tatarstan, muna Volgograd mudunhu uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo munyika. Zviitiko zvakafanana kuitika nhasi pasi pose.