Nyanduri Alexei Surkov - kuzvikudza Yaroslavl nyika

In Yaroslavl, isu akaongorora pamusoro kana vagari yakakurumbira rwiyo "Mumazuva dugout," ziva. Vanhu vemazera ose nomufaro akatora rugwaro, rinenge hapana mistaking mashoko. Asi zita munyori vasingagoni zvose. mudetembi Soviet Alexei Surkov, ane Biography iri zvachose chokuita Yaroslavl nharaunda ndiye munyori anozivikanwa mitsetse kuti yakabva peni yake pakutanga Huru Patriotic War. Chii chinozivikanwa pamusoro uyu anoshamisa?

"Vanhu"

Akazvarwa pamberi chimurenga (01/10/1899) ari mumusha muduku Serednevo (Rybinsk kudunhu Yaroslavl dunhu) mumhuri vanhuwo zvavo, Alexei Surkov akatanga kudzidzisa pachikoro yemo, wakati yokuita kunaka hunhu uye pakururama upenyu hwokumaruwa. Kuratidza chido chokudzidza, nemakore 12 akaenda kuna St. Petersburg, apo iye kurarama mumba yatenzi uye mari. nzvimbo iyi yainzi "Vanhu", asi akabvumira kuyaruka kuverenga mapepanhau uye kukudziridza. Kushanda basa akatanga basa mudzidziri webasa muimba kudhinda, chitoro fenicha, Joinery. Revolution akasangana ari yezvokutengeserana chiteshi, kwaaishanda weigher.

Muna 1918, "Krasnaya Gazeta" rinobudisa dzimwe ndima A. Gutuevsky. pakutanga ainziwo ichi akazvisarudzira Alexei Surkov, vane mufananidzo mumakore zvinogona kuonekwa munyaya. Zvaiva ake achiedza kokutanga kunyora. Gumi majaya, makanyorwa kupinda Red Army, ndichishumira muchina murwi uye bhiza Scout kusvikira 1922.

"Solo"

In yorunyararo, mudetembi ramangwana akadzokera kumba diki, apo wokunzi prosvetrabotoy. Kusvikira 1924 yokutanga iri pedyo nomusha, akashanda muimba-kuverenga nzvimbo, mumaruwa dzomupepanhau anova pepanhau munharaunda County. Nokukurumidza kupupura wenhau anova mukuru A. Surkov. Nechekare "Chokwadi" muna 1924, mupepanhau yakabudiswa nhetembo yake itsva, uye muna 1925 anova nhengo Congress of Writers province. Zvegore, kubatana CPSU (b), Nadya Surkov ari Koshanda, ari akaererana dzomupepanhau ari richangobva akasika mupurovhinzi pepanhau "North Komsomolets". Kwemakore matatu (1926-1928) akanga akatungamirira nayo mukuru mupepeti, kuwedzera kuparadzirwa ne 2 nguva uye kutanga "mabhuku Corner", kwavaigona kudhindwa kutanga vadetembi nevanyori prose.

Muna May 1928 gungano rake kuMoscow panguva I Congress of Writers, uye ipapo muna Yaroslavl nharaunda, haana kudzoka, yokungosarudzwa kuna RAPP. Kutanga ichi wokufananidzira okugadzira zvinhu akaisa kuunganidza rokutanga kubudiswa muna 1930. Rainzi "Solo." Verses siyana enyika acuity uye nepfungwa uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika yaiva zvikuru kwazvo kudiwa. Mumakore akaberekwa nyanduri Alexei Surkov chaizvo.

Background: Maererano mhuri yatenzi

Pashure kuva nguva dzose mabhuku misangano, mudetembi vanosangana pamwe Sofey Antonovnoy Krevs, mudzimai wake ramangwana. The nemudzimai anoberekwa vana vaviri: mwanakomana akaberekwa muna 1928 Nadya Natalia uye mwanasikana akaberekwa muna 1938 Munguva yehondo, mhuri akatozotamiswa kuna Chistopol, zviri ikoko kubva mberi kunyora tsamba dzavo Alexei Surkov. Mune mwanasikana ramangwana yaachasarudza pachavo kupupura venhau, achiita musicology. Mwanakomana ichava neechiuto, Air Force konoro.

30s vakanga kwakaratidzwa chokuti A. Surkov anofanira kuita kuti kushaya dzidzo: haana chete kudzidza kubva Institute of Red Vanapurofesa, asiwo akadzivirira dissertation ake akava purofesa ari mabhuku Institute. Usahusiya, uye nyaya basa, vari pamwe chete M. Gorky mu "mabhuku muzvidzidzo" magazini panguva. Kushanda LOKAFe, anoramba kunyora nhetembo uye nziyo magamba enyika Civil War: "Vezera", "tsamwisa", "Kumusha akashinga." Vamwe mabasa ndivo nziyo: "Chapayev", "Konarmeyskaya".

hondo mutauri wemashoko

"Combat yakakuwandira", "Red Army Pravda", "Red Star" - mabhuku avo, izvo 1939 rakabudiswa voenkor Alexei Surkov. Mudetembi akatora chikamu mukurwisana maviri zvechiuto pamusoro avaida Guru Patriotic War: kuFinnish Mushandirapamwe uye chirongwa muWestern Belarus. Pasinei neprizyvnoy zera, kubvira pazuva hondo yokutanga akatumirwa mberi, achifumira muna 1943 kusvika pachinzvimbo chevatatu wevarwi. Ikoko vachasangana vadetembi zhinji makore hondo. Kuti aizotsaura nomukurumbira mutsetse Konstantin Simonov kuti: "Ko iwe rangarira, Alesha, Smolensk mugwagwa ...".

Sezvo mukuru mupepeti of "World Itsva", akabudisa nhetembo, satires uye nziyo umhare nguva. Ngazvidyirwe rakabudiswa kuunganidza inoverengeka nhetembo, "Poems ruvengo", "tsamwisa", "Musoja Mwoyo". Muna 1942 iye akapotsa afa nokuda Rzhev, akazonyora mitsetse anobaya mwoyo:

"Uye mabara kukuvara, uye nokupisa haisi pomoto,

I kufamba kumucheto moto.

It kunoonekwa nokutambura mai vake yakakurisa

At ngoni rufu kwandiri ... "

Asi zvikuru nenziyo dzakakurumbira vachava mubasa rake. Pakati pavo: "Rwiyo vakashinga", "Rwiyo vanotsigira Moscow" uye, chokwadi, yakakurumbira "dugout".

Nyaya "dugouts"

The rwiyo akazvarirwa November 1942 munzvimbo Istria (musha Kashino, Moscow Region), apo aifanira kusiya hwaiitwa une zvimbambaira. Chaizvo vaifunga kuti asati afa, nhanho mashomanana. Kana ngozi apfuura, rose jazi aiva shrapnel chamboko. Kunyange muMoscow, akaberekwa akakurumbira akarongwa nhetembo vakatumira Chistopol mukadzi. Kana chinyorwa akazviratidza Munyori Konstantin Listov, Alexei Surkov akamupa mitsetse ruoko-zvakanyorwa, uye vhiki yakatevera rwiyo chokutanga chakaitwa shamwari yake Mikhail Savin.

Kubva yake yokutanga zvakafanana nayo pakarepo vakaenda mberi, kuva kufarira chimedu varwi. Iye vakaimba Lidiya Ruslanova, uye pakutanga kunyange asunungurwa zvinyorwa nemashoko zvinyorwa. Asi zvino vakaparadzwa zvachose, sezvo vashandi enyika makwapa decadence ari akarongwa nhetembo uye akakumbira kuti achinje mashoko. Asi rwiyo aenda vanhu. Pane uchapupu hwokuti masoja akaenda kundorwa, vachidanidzira vachiti: "! Imbirai, harmonica, blizzard Pasinei" akakurumbira rwiyo vomumusha Kashino shongwe. Zviri Kuzivikanwa chaiye munyori, uyo anoshandira kutenderera muna 1946 akanga paakavapa State Prize.

mumakore achangodarika

Pashure pehondo, Alexei Surkov, ane Biography razova chokuita bato uye mamiriro mabasa, sezvo mukuru mupepeti "Ogonyok" uye Rector of Institute of Literature zvaaita mugove kuziva tarenda idzva. Akabudisa Anna Akhmatova, kudzivirira zita rake pamberi Joseph Stalin. Panguva iyoyowo, ari nechokwadi rechiKomonisiti, haana kuziva okugadzira zvinhu Boris Pasternak, vanoshora Solzhenitsyn uye Andrei Sakharov. Nyanduri kwemakore, akatungamirirwa neMweya Union of Soviet Writers.

Muna 1969, hurumende richafara pamabasa ake Star of Hero of basa kubudirira. Pakafa murume 1983, vakawanda ichava nyanduri kunoshamisa, akava nomukurumbira Yaroslavl nyika.