Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich: Biography, rokusika nhaka, upenyu hwomunhu

Voloshin Maksimilian (Makore oupenyu - 1877 - 1932) - nyanduri, yokudhirowa, uri wenhoroondo, mabhuku mutsoropodzi. Voloshin - a rekunyepedzera. zita rake chairo - Kirienko-Voloshin.

Childhood, makore mudzidzi

Nyanduri ramangwana akaberekwa muKiev muna 1877, 16 (28) yaMay. madzibaba ake yemadzibaba vaiva Zaporozhye Cossacks. By mai mumhuri vaiva vokuGermany, Russified muzana remakore rechi17. Maximilian akarasikirwa baba vake 3 years. MuMoscow, akapedza pauduku hwake uye kuyaruka Nyanduri. mai vake muna 1893, ndakawana muna Feodosiya iri pedyo Koktebel nyika. Pano, muna 1897, Voloshin Maksimilian sekondari. Akapinda Moscow University (weVadzidzisi Vedare - Law). Maximilian somudzidzi chaibatanidzwa echimurenga mabasa. Akanga munyaya February 1900, Ose-Russian mudzidzi ranwa. Somugumisiro ichi, uyewo tsika kutambudza uye "akaipa maonero enyika," Voloshin Maximilian wacho ambomiswa chikoro.

Tanga pakufamba

Kuitira kudzivisa zvakaipisisa migumisiro, akaenda pakuvaka njanji mumatsutso 1900. Voloshin iyi, gare gare unonzi "inokosha" kuti vakatsunga ake upenyu hwomudzimu ramangwana. Pakuvaka, iye akanzwa kare, East Asia, pamusoro European tsika.

Zvisinei, zviri kushingaira familiarizing Maximilian kuti nebudiriro Western European zvedzidzo uye unyanzvi tsika kufamba yokutanga yava chinokosha chinangwa nyanduri. Akanga ari mumakore 1899-1900 kuItaly, France, Greece, Switzerland, Germany, Austria-Hungary. Kunyanya Maximilian akakwezva Paris. Uyu apo akaona pakati European, uye nokudaro waifarirwa upenyu hwomudzimu. Maximilian Alexandrovich akadzoka Asia nekutya zvakare kutambudzwa, akasarudza kuenda kuMadokero.

Upenyu Paris, mberi kufamba, "imba yacho nyanduri wacho" iri Koktebel

In Paris, Voloshin Maksimilian (mufananidzo wake munyaya iyi) kanoverengeka munguva kubvira 1901 kusvika 1916, ndakanga ararama pano. In pakati, mudetembi akaita kufamba "kuti nyika muMediterranean yekare." Uyezve, akashanyira vanosvika mune zvose yembiru Russian. Voloshin panguva iyoyo vaigara "imba nyanduri wacho" wake Koktebel, izvo ikava rudzi tsika pakati, nzvimbo yokuzorora uye yokupotera mabhuku vepamusoro. G. Shengeli, mushanduri uye nyanduri, akamuti "Cimmerian Atene". Panguva dzakasiyana-siyana muimba ino akashanyirwa Andrei Bely, Vyacheslav Bruce, Alexei NdiTolstoy, Bamba Gorky, Nikolay Gumilev, Osip Mandelstam, Marina Tsvetaeva, Khodasevich, E. Zamyatin, Svondo Ivanov, Chukovsky, Mikhail Bulgakov uye vazhinji nevamwe vanyori, vemifananidzo uye masayendisiti.

Voloshin - a mabhuku mutsoropodzi

Somunyori mutsoropodzi Voloshin Maksimilian akaita debut yake muna 1899. Mumagazini inonzi "Russian pfungwa" akauya Kudzokorora ake zvishoma pasina siginicha. Muna May 1900 nyaya refu vanoda "Kutsigira Hauptmann" yakabudiswa mumagazini inonzi chete. Zvakanzi yakasainwa "Max. Voloshin." Nyaya ino mumwe wokutanga Russia manifestos pakati modernist aesthetics. Pashure dzimwe nyaya yake. Total Voloshin akaanyora 36 - mabhuku Russian, 35 - nezuva French uye Russian Theatre, 28 - pamusoro mabhuku French, uyewo 49 nyaya pamusoro zviitiko upenyu French tsika. Vakagamuchirwa uye akaparidza mifananidzo nenheyo modernism. Voloshin idzva mabhuku chakajairika wenyika yedu (kunyanya anonzi Symbolists okusika vaduku) kwakamboitwa pezvishuvo panguva tsika European.

Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich, vane Biography tichinetseka, aivawo mabhuku mumiririri, mazano, entrepreneur, kureverera uye rokubudisa nyanzvi "Nhamo", "Scorpio" uye Sabashnikovyh hama. basa rake rokudzidzisa iye akataura chiBuddha, mashiripiti, chiKaturike, theosophy, zvemidzimu, freemasonry. izvi zvose akatora Maximilian mubasa rake kubudikidza izvo ounyanzvi. Zvikurukuru, aikoshesa "ari pathos repfungwa" uye "nhetembo pfungwa", saka nyaya ake akanga akaita nhetembo, uye nhetembo - iri papepa (payo akati Ehrenburg, uyo akatsaurira rondedzero yake rakabudiswa muna 1923 rinonzi "Portraits kuti panguva vadetembi") .

Ndima yokutanga

Pakutanga, nhetembo kwete vazhinji vakanyora Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich, mudetembi. Vanenge vose vakaiswa mubhuku, yakabuda 1910 ( "Poems. 1900-1910"). Hand "mutengesi", "Tenzi yechokwadi" akazviona Bryusov. Voloshin akafunga vadzidzisi vavo virtuoso enhetembo mapurasitiki Zh. M. Eredia, Gauthier and said. Poets "Parnassian" kubva France. mabasa avo vaiva verlenovskim counterweight kuti "mumhanzi" mirayiridzo. Izvi okugadzira zvinhu mamirire Voloshin anogona kunzi dzake muunganidzwa wokutanga, uyewo kune wechipiri, iyo ndokukweverwazve kumusoro pedyo Maximilian mukutanga 1920s asina rakabudiswa. Rainzi "Selva oscura". It zvaisanganisira detembo vakasikwa nguva kubva 1910 kusvika 1914. Vazhinji vavo vakauya gare gare mubhuku rakasarudzwa, yakabuda muna 1916 ( "ivernit").

Dzidziso pamusoro Verhaeren

Zvinogona kuva nehurukuro yakareba nezvokusikwa yakadaro nyanduri sezvo Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich. Biography zvipfupi munyaya ino rine chete zvinokosha pamusoro pazvo. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvakajeka enyika wezwi Nyanduri zvinova kubva pakutanga 1st World War, E. Verhaeren. Brusov shanduro musana wake 1907 inoti "Émile Verhaeren uye Valeriy Bryusov" Maximilian vakanga pasi kwaiparadza kutsoropodzwa. Voloshin pachake anoshandurwa Verhaeren "akasiyana pfungwa maonero" uye "panguva dzakasiyana." Mafungiro kwaari, iye kupfupikiswa rake mubhuku 1919, "Verhaeren. Kufanorongerwa Zvichaitika Muupenyu. Okugadzira zvinhu. Translations."

Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich - mudetembi Russian uyo akanyora nhetembo pamusoro hondo. Vanobatanidzwa kuunganidza muna 1916 "Anno Mundi ardentis", vari zvakakwana mukuwirirana verhanovskoy poetics. Ivo kupatsanurwa zvifananidzo uye unyanzvi wokufananidzira zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe, razova chinhu mudanga chepfungwa yose nhetembo Maximilian echimurenga nguva, hondo uye makore hunotevedzana. Chikamu nhetembo akanyorwa panguva iyoyo, yakabudiswa muna 1919 mubhuku "Madhimoni matsi", mumwe chikamu yakabudiswa muna 1923 muBerlin pasi rokuti "Poems anotyisa." Zvisinei, ruzhinji mabasa aya akaramba zvinyorwa.

kutambudzwa Official

Muna 1923 akatanga aivhima Voloshin kubva mamiriro. zita rake kukanganwika. Mune USSR munguva kubvira 1928 kusvika 1961, imwe mutsetse Nyanduri hariwaniki harichadhindwi. Apo Ehrenburg muna 1961, noruremekedzo anotaurwa mu netsamba dzake pamusoro Voloshin, pakarepo akaparirwa kutsiura A. Dymshitz, uyo akataura kuti chokwadi kuti Maximilian akanga dzakaora ari muduku uye vakaita zvakaipa kuti chimurenga.

Dzokera kuCrimea, kuedza kuputsa kupinda anodhinda

Muchirimo 1917 Voloshin akadzokera kuCrimea. In autobiography yake muna 1925, akanyora kuti haachadi kuzvisiyira, uye haangazvidembi vanotama kubva hapana anopukunyuka. Pakuvamba, akati kuti asimo pamusoro chero nharo kumapati, asi anorarama chete Russia uye kuita mariri; uye akanyora kuti aifanira kugara Russia kusvikira pakuguma. Voloshin House, iri Koktebel, akaramba ari aidzidzisa panguva Civil War. Pano vakanopotera uye achihwanda kutambudzwa navatariri chena, uye vatungamiri tsvuku. Maximilian Izvi akanyora mubhuku rake 1926 nhetembo "Imba nyanduri." "Red Mutungamiriri" raiva Bhera Kun. Mushure Wrangel vakakundwa, iye chakarongeka nenzara uye kutya akamhanya pacification yacho kuCrimea. Kunenge somubayiro kuti kuchengeta mashoko Kuhn panguva yaitonga Soviet Union Voloshin imba hwaponeswa, uyewo hama kuchengeteka yakapiwa. Zvisinei, kana munorumbidzirweiko ake kana hanya V. Veresaeva, nesimba panguva, kana kutendeuka mhando uye akangoomerera kukumbira L. Kamenev, ane simba rose ideologue (muna 1924) haana kubatsira Maximilian zororo kupinda harichadhindwi.

Two mirayiridzo Voloshin pfungwa

Voloshin akanyora kuti ndima nokuti ndiyo chete nzira yokuratidza pfungwa. Vakamhanyira kwaari nenzira mbiri. First - historiosophical (njodzi Russia, mabasa ayo vakamutora kazhinji conventionally dzechitendero coloring). Wechipiri - Anti-kare. Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kutenderera "Nzira yaKaini", iro rairatidza pfungwa waifarirwa anarchism. The mudetembi akanyora kuti mumabasa aya, zvinowanisa anenge ose zvawo evanhu pfungwa, izvo dzaiwanzova kunaka. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa mukuru chibhende mataurire ichi kutenderera.

Kuzivikanwa uye harimboonekwi chigadzirwa

Incoherence pfungwa, hunhu Voloshin, akatungamirira kazhinji chokuti zvaakasika vakanga vachinzwisisa dzimwe nguva sechinhu grandiloquent melodeclamation ( "Preosuschestvlenie", "Holy Russia", "Kitezh", "Nguva Ngirozi," "The Wild Field"), aestheticized punditry ( "Cosmos "" Revhiatani "," Tanob "uye vamwe mabasa" Nzira yaKaini "), pretentious stylization (" Dmetrius-Emperor "," Archpriest Habhakuki, "" Saint Seraphim, "" Legend pamusoro Inoke Epiphany "). Kunyange zvakadaro, izvozvo zvinogona kunzi vazhinji nhetembo yake echimurenga nguva dzave kuzivikanwa somunhu izere uye chaiwo enhetembo uchapupu (semuenzaniso, typological Portraits "Bourgeois", "speculator", "The Red", et said., Lyrical Kuzivisa "nechepasi hero" uye "Dzingazoitika "isina mhinduro Paaidzidzisa" NE "uye mamwe mabasa).

Articles pamusoro unyanzvi uye kupenda chidzidzo

Pashure pokuchinja, basa rake somunhu unyanzvi mutsoropodzi amira. Zvisinei, Maximilian akakwanisa kubudisa 34 nyaya yokuRussia yakaisvonaka Arts, uyewo 37 nyaya unyanzvi French. basa rake monographic rokutanga vakazvipira kuna Surikov, anoramba kukosha kwayo. Bhuku "Mudzimu Gothic" yakasiyiwa konekwa. Above payo Maximilian akashanda 1912 uye 1913.

Voloshin vakatora mufananidzo kuti kutonga nyanzvi pamusoro ziso hwemashiripiti. Somugumisiro, akanga nyanzvi pakuridza Artist. Crimean Watercolour nharaunda, akaurayiwa pamwe wokufananidzira akanyorwa, akava kufarira Genre. Muna 1932 (11 August) muna Koktebel akafa Maximilian Voloshin. Brief Biography inogona vaisanganisa mashoko nezvoupenyu hwake pachake, zvinonakidza zvinhu izvo ratinoparidza pazasi.

Interesting zvinhu kubva private upenyu Voloshin

Duel Voloshin uye Nikolaya Gumileva yakaitwa musi Black River, mumwe apo Pushkin akapfura Dantes. Zvino '72 uye gare gare uyewo vakadzi. Zvisinei, mugumo akachengeta ipapo maviri vadetembi akakurumbira, chii vaiva Gumilev Nikolay Stepanovich uye Voloshin, Maximilian Alexandrovich. The nyanduri, ane pikicha iri pasi apa, - Nikolai Gumilyov.

Vanoshamisa nekuti Lizy Dmitrievoy. Iye kosi staroispanskoy uye Old mabhuku French panguva Sorbonne. The rokutanga musikana nhapwa Gumilyov. Akauya naye kushanyira Voloshin muna Koktebel. Akanyengera musikana. Nikolay Gumilyov akasiya sezvo ainzwa okushamisira. Zvisinei, nyaya iri mberi pashure pechinguva, uye pakupedzisira zvakatungamirira duel. Dare vatongerwa kuti vhiki Kusungwa Gumilev uye Voloshin - kusvikira zuva rimwe.

mudzimai wokutanga Maksimiliana Voloshina - Margarita Sabashnikova. Naro, iye aipinda hurukuro panguva Sorbonne. Zvisinei, The muchato, nokukurumidza akawira voga - iye kudanana Vyacheslav Ivanova. Mudzimai kunoburitsa Sabashnikova kurarama matatu. Zvisinei, mhuri "mhando itsva" haana kushanda. mudzimai wake wechipiri mukoti Maria Stepanova (yaifananidzira pamusoro), kutarisira mai vakwegura Maximilian.