"Babi Yar" - nhetembo kubudikidza Yevgeny Yevtushenko. Dambudziko Babi Yar

"Babi Yar" - detembo rakanyorwa Evgeniem Evtushenko, uyo vakakatyamadzwa kwete chete dambudziko vakaurayiwa Nazism, asi zvaro Mhedziso kunorambidzwa munguva Soviet. Ndicho chikonzero nhetembo idzi vava kusvika pamwero mumwe kutsutsumwa pamusoro mutemo iyoyo nehurumende USSR, uyewo chiratidzo pakurwisa rusaruro nevaJudha uye Ruparadziko runyararo.

Dambudziko Babi Yar

Nemipfumbamwe September 1943 Nazi mauto vakapinda guru Ukraine, Kiev. Mazuva gumi pashure kuputika padzimbahwe murayiro German, iyo akaita remagandanga commando boka, kwakasarudzwa kupomera pamusoro pavaJudha. Asi chokwadi, izvi zvakanga chete pokumuwanira, kwete mhaka iyi kupondwa. Yakanga zvose pamusoro "wokupedzisira mhinduro" gwara, inova chimwe rokutanga vakasangana Kiev. VaJudha vose guru rakanga rakapoteredzwa, akatorwa kubva kumudzivo, kumanikidzwa kuzopfekenura kupfeka uye vapfurwa mumupata inonzi Babi Yar. Detembo Yevgeny Yevtushenko vakazvipira ichi chiitiko inotyisa. Zvadaro anenge matatu-zvina varume, navakadzi uye navana vakanga noune vakaurayiwa panguva rechiuto oparesheni. Kuuraya mberi yakatevera, uye vakaurayiwa vakanga vasungwa uye mupfungwa vachirwara vanhu, uye guerrillas. Asi dambudziko raiva kunyange nezvakashata ichi, kana pane, kwete mairi chete. Kwemakore akawanda, hurumende yeSoviet vakaramba kubvuma kuti zvinosuwisa muna Babi Yar yaiva chikamu kwevanhu Jewish - Ruparadziko. Izvi kwakakatyamadza nyanduri.

kunyora nyaya

Evtushenko Evgeniy Aleksandrovich ane yakavhenganiswa mukurumbira. Biography ake zvinhu uye vanotsoropodza uye kurumbidzwa kubva kumativi ose. Vamwe vanodavira kuti aifarira rudo nezviremera, yaakanga caressed muSoviet Union. Vamwe vanoedza kuverenga zvinenge neimwe mabasa ake zvakavanzika ratidziro manotsi uye zvahungava hwakaita zvakavimbika. Asi kuti zvingaita sezvakadaro, mudetembi kuziva nyaya kunyange mumakore okutanga. Iye detembo Ehrenburg vakazvipira Babi Yar. Asi ipapo, sezvakarayirwa nemashoko anoparadzirwa Soviet, hapana zvakataurwa pamusoro National chavanopinda yevanhu vakaurayiwa. Vakadaidzwa "vagari eSoviet". Uye Yevtushenko, sezvo akazonyora, akanga refu achida vatsaurire nhetembo dambudziko Anti-Semitism muSoviet Union.

Kuenda Kiev

Muna 1961 Evtushenko Evgeniy Aleksandrovich akashanyira guta guru reUkraine. Iye anotasva panzvimbo uye vakavhunduka kuona kuti hapana kwete chete shongwe vakatambudzwa, asi kunyange chipi nezvavo. At panzvimbo yaiuya vanhu, akaitwa marara. On panzvimbo mapfupa akanga tisingafungiri kuurayiwa, vakasvika marori uye dumped zvinosemesa marara. Mudetembi akafunga kuti nokuita kudaro zviremera zvaiita kuseka vapfurwa. Akadzoka pahotera uye imomo nzvimbo maawa mashoma akanyora, "Babi Yar." Nhetembo anotanga nerwonzi kuti haisi panzvimbo yacho shongwe.

zvichireva

Kana nyanduri anoona chakaitika Babi Yar, anonzwa kutya. Uye akaita Yevtushenko zvakafanana nomwoyo murefu vanhu vechiJudha. The akarongwa nhetembo vanorarama pamwe naye vanotyisa nyaya nhapwa uye kutambudzwa, kusanganisira Russia, apo chete akapfira pachinzvimbo vachiziva ndangariro vanhu ava. Iye anonyora pamusoro mhirizhonga uye vanoitirwa kwechiFascist akaoma mwoyo - kubva Anti-Semitism yose guises ayo. Asi chikuru ruvengo ake vakakodzera bureaucratic muchina Nyanduri ano totalitarianism - zviri kunangana chitsuwa chikuru pamusoro nhetembo.

Yokutanga rekuratidzwa

Kuverenga rokutanga Yevtushenko "Babi Yar"? Kare pahotera mukamuri Kiev Ndima idzi kutanga kunzwa mudetembi Ukrainian Vitaly Korotych uye Ivan Drach. Vakamubvunza kuti kuverenga detembo mukuita pamberi pevateereri, yaiitwa zvinotevera zuva. Nerunyerekupe detembo akasvika nezviremera zvomunzvimbo, vaiedza kudzivirira musangano nyanduri pamwe paruzhinji. Asi zvakanga vanyanyononoka. Saka ikavhuniwa rusvingo kunyarara anenge akabuda kumativi dambudziko iri Babi Yar. Nhetembo kare swirled mu samizdat. Apo Yevtushenko verenga ake muMoscow Polytechnical Museum, vakakomba chivakwa chaunga kuti kwangopera zvadzivisa nemapurisa.

chinyorwa

Muna September wegore iroro, "Babi Yar" - Yevtushenko nhetembo - itange kubudiswa mu "pepanhau mabhuku". Sezvo akabvuma nomunyori, kunyora nhetembo idzi yaiva nyore chaizvo pane kubudisa navo. mupepeti mukuru "mabhuku" anoratidza kuti iye kazhinji kudzingwa basa, kana iwe angatsunga kudhinda detembo. Kunyange zvakadaro, akaita izvi ukashinga nokuzvitsaurira bhuku rino musi unoenderana kubatwa pakati Kiev parutivi vokuGermany. Mukuwedzera, nhetembo rakabudiswa nechemberi Peji pepanhau, izvo sezvingatarisirwa Akakwezva. Magazini iyi "mabhuku" aiva kuvhunduka yakadaro kuti makopi zvose akadambura kumusoro zuva rimwe. Kokutanga mumapeji renhoroondo mabhuku Soviet akaratidza tsitsi dambudziko vechiJudha vanhu, uye kunyange vakaziva ariko Anti-Semitism muSoviet Union. Nokuti vazhinji, ichi kwainge aivasimbisa. Asi munyama chose, izvi hazvina kuzadziswa. Ukuwo, nguva vakanga vasisiri paitonga Stalin, uye kutambudzwa zvikuru uye udzvanyiriri ichiri kukasaitwa.

resonance

Vaifungidzira kana kwaita zvinhu Yevtushenko? "Babi Yar" aita nezvechimwe chinyadzo zvinotyisa pamusoro utungamiriri yeSoviet. Detembo vaiona "ideologically yakakanganiswa". Asi kwete chete hurumende uye vebato machinda akanga asingafari. Vamwe vanyori uye vadetembi akabudisa nyaya, nhetembo netumabhuku pamusoro Yevtushenko. Vakataura nezvokuti anoita chiseko kutambura Jewish, tichikanganwa mamiriyoni Russian akafa. Khrushchev akati munyori nhetembo anoratidza enyika umbishi uye anoimba nenzwi revaeni. Kunyange zvakadaro, "Babi Yar", munyori yakazova nzvimbo zvinonyadzisa izvi zvose vakanga mumitauro yokumwe. Verses dzakabudiswa muna manomwe navaviri inoti. Pakupedzisira, mabhuku aya akaita Yevtushenko nyika yakakurumbira. Asi mupepeti pepanhau, izvo zvakabudisa nhetembo, achiri vanogumurwa.

The nedambudziko kupfura vaJudha muKiev uye kufungisisa raro unyanzvi

Somuenzaniso Yevtushenko, uyo akanyora "Babi Yar", nhetembo zvinhu izvi vakatanga kunyora uye dzimwe vanyori. Uyezve, vaya vadetembi uyo akanyora yakatsaurirwa rufu mutsara kwokutanga vakasarudza kubata zvakawanda navo "tafura." Saka nyika akaona ndima Nicholas Bazhana Moiseya Fishbeyna, Leonid Pervomaisky. About chiitiko ichi vakatanga kutaura. Pakupedzisira, mumwe chinozivikanwa Soviet Munyori Dmitri Shostakovich, chikamu namatatu Symphony yokutanga zvakanyorwa murugwaro yacho Yevtushenko nhetembo. Asi makore gumi pamberi ndima idzi, iye akasvika kunzvimbo vaurayiwe, uye akamira ipapo kuruware. Asi kana nemheni akaputsa pamusoro musoro nyanduri mushure Bhuku "Babi Yar," akasangana naye uye akasarudza kunyora nezvimwe zvakadai, uye mamwe mabasa nemunyori.

Yevtushenko, wokutanga kunzwa mimhanzi, vakakatyamadzwa sei zvakanaka Shostakovich akakwanisa kuratidza manzwiro ake kurira. Asi pashure paizvozvo, munyori uyewo akamhanyira dambudziko. Singers vakaramba kuita Vocal nezvimwe (kunyanya pashure chimbi zano ipapo Ukrainian zviremera). Asi kuratidzwa nzvimbo uye akaita imba izere uye richimire ovation. A wokudhinda ominously akanyarara. Izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti nezvimwe yava unwitting kuratidza manzwiro pamusoro simba yeSoviet.

Simba Ndimi

Muna 1976, panzvimbo yokufananidzira kuchiri shongwe. Babi Yar kubudikidza iyoyo vaguta kare shure zvakatipoteredza njodzi, kana mvura dzinoputika, uye private nemauto yakateurirwa mvura yakasanganiswa nevhu. Asi pamusoro Chikwata inoti shoko pamusoro vakaurayiwa nevaNazi. The shongwe chakatsaurirwa kuna kuparadzwa akabatwa mauto eSoviet uye vatariri. Asi zvikuru kwarinovirira akanga achiri chokuita munhetembo Yevtushenko. Simba uri zvange. The ipapo Musoro Ukrainian hurumende akakumbira Moscow kugadzirisa kuvaka chiratidzo chirangaridzo. Akanga vakatsoropodza nevanobudisa nhau nyika hazviratidzi musimboti penhamo. A detembo Yevtushenko airambidzwa kuverenga paruzhinji muKiev kusvikira panguva "perestroika". Asi pane ikozvino shongwe muturakiti rinonzi Babi Yar. Ukraine, kuva akawana rusununguko, akanunura kwokufananidzira rambi-menorah. Uye kumakuva kwayo Jewish iri riitike pamwe Slabs mugwagwa chenhamo. Munyika yanhasi Ukraine Babi Yar akava wenhoroondo-chirangaridzo kunzwisisa rudzi kukosha. Nzvimbo Reserve sechinhu epigraph mashoko detembo kubudikidza Yevtushenko. Kana gore rapera akataura seventieth njodzi iyi, purezidhendi Ukrainian akati pakagadzwa chokurangaridza pana Babi Yar Holocaust zvakakosha zvose zvevanhu, kubvira anofanira kungwarira ngozi ruvengo, umbimbindoga uye kusarurana.