Nyanduri Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin: Biography, yakanakisisa mabasa uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin - yakakurumbira nyanduri Russian, ane ndima dzaiva nevakawanda kwazvo pre-echimurenga makore uye panguva yaitonga Soviet Union. Akararama upenyu hurefu, unorema chiri vakazvipira kune mabhuku basa. Biography Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina zvipfupi munyaya ino.

Origin, makore dzidzo

Akaberekwa musi December 6, 1848 mupurovhinzi Tver (musha Nizovka). nharaunda iyi zvikuru kwazvo Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. yokwaakazvarirwa rwakaimbwa vazhinji mabasa ake. Nizovka musha pashure mumakore anouya achanyatsozorodza rakafuridzirwa nokuda nyanduri. Iye wakayeriswa, zvikurukuru, yake yakakurumbira nhetembo "Kumusha" Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin.

Vabereki mudetembi vaiva serfs. Spyridon D. akamuka zvinokosha dzidzo kubva sekuru vake, Drozhzhina Stepan Stepanovich, uyo akadzidzisa kuti averenge arufabheti uye, chokwadi, Bhuku Hours.

Muna 1858 Spiridon akatumwa chikoro veko mudhikoni. Pano nyanduri ramangwana wagadzirira nemaviri uye numeracy. Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin akayeuka nokuonga mazuva ano. Vakanga vakazvipira detembo rake 1905 "Kuchikoro mudhikoni." In nokudzidziswa uku Spyridon Dmitrievich yakapedzwa - chando 1860 nyanduri ramangwana akaenda St. Petersburg kubasa.

Achidzungaira nyika, kuzvida

Anotevera 36 makore hwake kuchiratidzwa zvinorwadza madzungairiro akapoteredza nyika. Spyridon D. kuchinja mabasa. Aiva tavern mushandi, mutevedzeri mutariri, mabharani ari chemabhuku uye fodya zvitoro, mutengesi, mutumwa, ari lackey, mushandi, mumiririri Steamship Company "Airplane", vachivimba chokuendesa huni dzechibayiro njanji. Fate akakanda nyanduri muna Tver uye Moscow, Kharkov uye Yaroslavl, Tashkent uye Kiev.

The pamusoro kutsvakatsvaka, St. Petersburg, makore kwokutanga (1860-1871 gg.) - nguva kwakaratidza nehafu-vachiziya kunosiririsa kuvapo, asiwo kushingaira kuzvida Drozhzhina kwete chete. The mana okutanga yaaishanda guru, akashanda muresitorendi "Kavkaz" zvepabonde. Panguva ino, Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin nechido, kunyange unsystematically, verenga mabhuku, kazhinji chenhando :. Magazines akadai "Kuverenga kuti varwi" uye "Mir nhume" chisingakoshi dzakakurumbira enganonyorwa, etc. Asi pashure pechinguva Spiridon D. Aingoziva mabasa JS Nikitin AV Koltsov uye NA Nekrasov. Iye achifara verenga magazini "chimvari". Spyridon D. kubva 1866 vakatanga kugara kushanyira Public Library.

Own raibhurari uye wokutanga nhetembo

On kwayo zvevhiki pfungwa uye aesthetic uye unyanzvi zvadzinofarira vaiva kubatsirawo Drozhzhina kuziva guru vadzidzi uye vamiririri akasiyana panhengo Democratic Youth. Kuchengetedza Zvokufuka uye zvokudya, Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin akaunganidza raibhurari yake. Zvinosanganisira mabasa nokuda kufarira evanyori ake. M. Yu Lermontovym uye A. S. Pushkinym, Koltsov uye Nikitin, P.-J. Beranger uye Heine, G. I. Uspenskim uye NdiTolstoy, N. P. Ogarevym uye Schiller and said. Drozhzhin akanga aifarira "wakarambidzwa 'mabhuku. Pazera 17, iye akasika nhetembo yake yokutanga. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, Spiridon Drozhzhin kurega kunyora nhetembo. Mukova yokutanga dhayari ake akaonekwa May 10, 1867. Akaenda naye mugumo upenyu.

Bhuku rokutanga

Pakazosvika 1870 wokutanga kuedza kushandisa Drozhzhina kubudisa mabasa avo. Akatuma pamusoro 5, yake mafungiro, ndima mu "Illustrated Newspaper", asi vakanga varamba. Muna 1873 akanga akamirirwa kwenguva refu mabhuku debut Nyanduri. Yakanga Drozhzhina nhetembo "Rwiyo gomo rakanaka hama," yakabudiswa "Zvitupa" magazini. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, Spiridon D. akatanga vachishingaira kuparidza zvakasiyana nemagazini ( "Russian Pfuma", "Usiku Family", "Business", "Shoko", uye vamwe.), Uyewo magazini zvevana ( "Young Russia", "Skylark", " chevana kuverenga, "" Childhood "uye vamwe.).

Mukurumbira, homecoming

Drozhzhina mukurumbira sezvo nyanduri pakupera 1870 - 1880-ies. It rakakura nokukurumidza. iz Surikov akaratidza kufarira wechiduku anonzi kuzvidzora akadzidzisa. Izvi runoratidzwa nomutsamba kwavo chokuita 1879.

In St. Petersburg, wokutanga muunganidzwa akazviratidza muna 1889, SD Drozhzhina ( "Poems 1866-1888 gg. With manotsi nemunyori upenyu hwangu"). Muna 1894 uye 1907, bhuku iyi reissued nguva imwe neimwe zvakati mukuriswe. Kunyange zvakadaro, mudetembi yakaramba kurarama muurombo. Pakutanga 1886 Drozhzhin pakupedzisira yadzoka musha Nizovka. Pano akazvipira zvakakwana mabhuku, uyewo basa zvokurima. L. N. NdiTolstoy aitsigira chisarudzo, vakatora Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. Kumusha, akatenda, anogona afuridzire nyanduri kuti kuita itsva.

Rokusongana Leo NdiTolstoy uye R. M. Rilke

Drozhzhin akasangana Lvom Nikolaevichem kaviri, muna 1892 uye 1897. Mudetembi mumusha mapurisa akawana muchivande zvokuongorora, izvo hazvina kumutadzisa kuita. Zvishoma nezvishoma kungoramba yakakurumbira nyanduri Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. Biography ake Kunoonekwa chiitiko chinokosha 1900: R. paakasvika Nizovka Rilke, mukuru nyanduri yeAustria. Akashandura nhetembo German Spyridon 4 Dmitrievich.

mabhuku New, kuvandudzika kuti mamiriro ezvemari

Mumwe pashure perimwe gumi remakore rechi20 kuuya zvinotevera mabhuku Drozhzhina: muna 1904 - "Poems New" muna 1906 - "ari murimi mudiki Year" muna 1907 - "Kuchengetedzwa Songs" muna 1909 - "New Russian Rwiyo" uye "Bayan" . Circle "Writers vanhu" vari December 1903 vakanga vapedza manheru muMoscow, yakatsaurirwa ramakumi matatu gore okusika basa Drozhzhina. Mugore iroro mudyandigere ake (180 rubles pagore, nokuti upenyu) akagadzwa.

Muna 1904 akanyora nomukurumbira nhetembo "Kumusha" ake Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. Munyori anogara chaizvo manzwiro aiva munyika akaberekwa. Ndiyo nyaya dzakawanda mabasa ake.

Muna 1905 vakava nhengo Drozhzhin rarongwa paUniversity Moscow Society Vanoda Russian Literature. Uye muna 1910, December 29, akakunda Russian Academy of Sciences. saizi wayo 500 rubles. Akanga paakavapa kuti kuunganidza Drozhzhinov 1907-09. October 19, 1915, mumwe bhuku Spyridon Dmitrievich, "Nziyo murimi achirima wekare" (rakabudiswa muna 1913), akanga paakavapa nokuda Academy of Sciences. Drozhzhin akanga paakavapa ari "Pushkin" wongororo.

Mhosva imperialist hondo uye kutsigira October Revolution

Kurarama mumusha, Spyridon D. arambe zviitiko zvinokosha muupenyu vanhu. Akava mumwe wevanyori shoma Russian, uyo zvakasimba mhosva imperialist hondo. Muna 1916, kwaiva Drozhzhina nhetembo "pasi hondo!". ropa zviitiko kwake muna 1914 rinonzi "munhu kakasaririra pakati vakasindimara zvoutsinye" iri dhayari yake Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin.

Biography ake kwakaratidzwa kuitwa yaOctober Revolution, inova nyanduri-makore 69 vakasangana nomufaro. Akabva angotanga kubatanidzwa munharaunda basa. Drozhzhin aiva nhengo nevarikutonga komiti iri Township, akafamba munyika, vanhu vemo verenga mabasa ake. Nyanduri muna 1919 akava sachigaro Writers 'Congress-proletarians muna Tver province. Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina nhetembo rakaramba kubudiswa kudhindwa.

"Songs basa uye kurwisana"

Muna 1923 iye akaonekwa muunganidzwa wake vanoda "Songs basa uye kurwisana." Iye pakarepo ndipo okupemberera mbiri nyanduri - the 75th hwagadzwa ake uye rechi50 gore hwokusika basa. Pachiitiko yemichindwe izvi Spyridon D. akasarudzwa ane honorary nhengo ipapo Russian Union of Poets. Uyezve, bhuku raibhurari zita Drozhzhina akaonekwa Tver. Pashure 5 years, pachiitiko ari 80th gore, Spyridon D. akagamuchira makorokoto of USSR Academy of Sciences. Rakanga chasainwa A. P. Karpinskim, mutungamiri wayo.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Drozhzhin September 28, 1928, vakasangana Bamba Gorky muMoscow. Mumakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake Spyridon D. akashanda anotevera compilations: "Nziyo" (rakabudiswa muna 1928), "Way-nzira" uye "murimi mudiki Songs" (zvose - 1929). "Songs of murimi mudiki," vaiva bhuku rokupedzisira nyanduri wacho kubudiswa hwake. Uyewo Drozhzhin aigadzirira kudhinda mana mavhoriyumu "Complete Works." Uyezve, iye akauyisa "Notes upenyu uye nhetembo" kusvikira 1930.

Mudetembi akafa nomutauro wake Nizovka nemakore 82. Izvi paanopedzisa Biography Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina. Muchidimbu udza zvino pamusoro nhaka rake rokusika.

Features uye ukoshi zvisikwa Drozhzhina

Huruva uye neimba apo mudetembi akararama vakawanda hwake, muna 1938, zvaiendeswa kumusha Zavidovo (kuKalinin nharaunda). Pane chirangaridzo miziyamu Nyanduri, uye apo admirers vazhinji tarenda rake kuuya nhasi.

Creative nzira Spyridon Dmitrievich yakanga yakareba chaizvo, kupfuura makore 60. Aivawo kusimba mubayiro. Drozhzhin rakapa muupenyu hwake muunganidzwa 32, 20 iyo - kusvikira 1917. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti ndima Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina kazhinji artistically gogonera. Asi akawana unyanzvi uye tarenda yepakutanga zvakanakira chikamu nhaka munyori uyu. Mubasa Drozhzhina kufurirwa vadetembi akadai Nekrasov, Koltsov uye Nikitin. In wandei mabasa ake, kuva makore 80-90-vakasuwa inonyatsoratidza nhetembo Nadsona S. Ya pachokwadi, spontaneity, nomwoyo uye nyore -. Ndivo nounhu akacherekedza nhetembo Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina. Rinogona kunzi muimbi murimi mudiki upenyu. Kuti ko chinorondedzerwa musimboti ake rekuparidza yokutanga matanho ari mabhuku ( "neMuse wangu", 1875).

A uwandu mabasa mudetembi akapinda ngano ( "Songs vashandi", "Rwiyo musoja"). Vazhinji nhetembo dzake dzakanga senziyo kubudikidza Vanyori vakadai V. Ziering, Evseev, A. Cherniavsky, N. Potolovsky, Lashek F. and said. F. I. Shalyapin akaita nziyo maviri nhetembo Nyanduri sezvo Drozhzhin Spiridon Dmitrievich .

Biography nokuti vakuru nevana yakataurwa ino anopa chete kwokubatira kunzwisisa basa rake. Zvakanakisisa kutaura zvakananga nhetembo, kunzwisisa zvinorehwa uye zvinoitwa nhetembo Spyridon Dmitrievich.