Nzira nokudzidza genetics dzevanhu.

Mazuva ano genetics zviri zvikuru kushanda mune zvesayenzi munda yokutsvakurudza. The zvakasimbisa wayo kukura kwakanga dzidziso inonyatsozivikanwa naCharles Darwin pamusoro discreteness yedzinza, rwokuzvarwa kusarudzwa uye mutation zvichikonzerwa nokuchinja mutakuri hutachiwana genotype. Akatanga kukura kwayo pakutanga remakore rapfuura, genetics, sainzi kwasvika pamwero, kutsvakurudza nzira pakati genetics hwevanhu panguva iyoyo ndiyo imwe huru munzvimbo kwekudzidza vanhu nemhuka zvavo.

Funga dzinokosha nzira yokudzidza genetics, Pari kuzivikanwa.

Nzira mazita kutsvakurudza genetics dzevanhu vari kuongorora uye kuziva muenzaniso hurongwa majini ari kutevedzana mu pedigrees. Migumisiro uye ruzivo yaishandiswa kudzivirira, prophylaxis uye mukana wokuti kuona akadzidza unhu ari vana - nhaka zvirwere. Nhaka inogona autosomal (kuratidzwa kuchiitwa zvinogoneka mukana vakaenzana aroorane) uye pamwe zvepabonde chromosome pedyo keriya.

Autosomal nzira, akavapindurawo, rakakamurwa autosomal hune nhaka (hune allele anogonawo akaona mune homozygous uye heterozygous) uye autosomal recessive nhaka (recessive allele inogona kuzadzikwa chete homozygous state). In kwakadai nhaka chirwere kunoratidzwa kuburikidza nezvizvarwa zvakawanda.

nhaka Sex-chokuita kunoratidzwa localization pakati nhengo Gene mu migove homologous uye nonhomologous Y- kana X-chromosome. Maererano genotypic background, riri vemunyika mune zvepabonde okutodza, kuona hetero- kana homozygous vakadzi, asi vanhu vane imwe X-chromosome nhamba chete anogona chete kuva hemizygous. Somuenzaniso, heterozygous vakadzi vanogona kuparadzira chirwere kuti nhaka semwanakomana nevanasikana.

Nemakemikari nzira kuti genetics ongororo kunokonzerwa nhaka chirwere chinopfuudzwa somugumisiro nemagene kunotouraya. Nzira dzakadaro dzevanhu genetics ongororo dzinoratidza nhaka metabolic kuremara Nokufunga mapuroteni zvivako, makemikari, makabhohaidhiretsi uye zvimwe metabolic zvinogadzirwa yakasara extracellular mvura iri muviri (ropa, ziya, weti, nemate, etc.).

Twin tsvakurudzo nzira mu genetics dzevanhu edza nhaka zvirwere aidzidza unhu. Mapatya (zvakakwana muviri hwapedyo maviri kana kupfuura zygotes akapwanyika zvikamu vachiri padanho ayo pakukura) vane fanana genotype, izvo zvinogona kuona kusiyana nokuda zvokunze kwezvakatipoteredza simba pamusoro phenotype kwevanhu. Pamapatya akasiyana (mazai maviri kana kupfuura nembeu) zvine chokuita mumwe genotype vanhu, izvo anobvumira kuti vaongorore zvakatipoteredza uye nhaka zvinhu zviri munhu genotypic background.

Cytogenetic nzira pakati genetics tsvakurudzo wakashandiswa kudzidza Morphology okutodza uye vakakwana karyotype, izvo rinobvumira kuziva miedzo genomic uye chromosomal kunotouraya rokuongorora nhaka nezvirwere panguva chromosomal sandara, uye kuongorora mutagenic zviito mishonga, mishonga yokuuraya zvipembenene, Pharmaceuticals, etc. nzira iyi zvikuru kushandiswa kuongorora kwaizotevera kuziva nhengo kuti kubve mugari abnormalities asati aberekwa. Pamuviri chirwere kubva Líquido mvura chirwere ari trimester pamuviri rokutanga, izvo zvinoita kuti tikwanise kutora chisarudzo pamusoro kugumiswa pamuviri.