Ongororo yekuongorora: "Boris Godunov" Pushkin AS Nhoroondo yezvisikwa, vanhu vakuru, nhepfenyuro

Kunzwisisa zvinorehwa nebasa kunobatsirwa nehuwandu hwemabhuku ekuongorora. "Boris Godunov" (Pushkin, sezvinonyatsozivikanwa, aigara achifarira nhau dzezvakaitika kare) ibasa rakazova chiitiko chakakosha kwete mumhuri chete asiwo mumutambo wenyika. Dambudziko racho raiva rekushandura mubasa rechechi, richicherechedza kuchinja kwake kubva pakuratidza rudo kune zvechokwadi. Kune munyori pachake, ichi chaive chiitiko chakabudirira kwazvo mukubata nemashoko epamusoro. Kubudirira kwehutano hwakagadzirisa basa rezvechikamu chechidiki mune izvi.

Kunyora basa

Kutanga, ndinofanira kutaura mazwi mashomanana pamusoro pebasa riri kutamba uye nhoroondo yezvisikwa naBoris Godunov. заинтересовала писателя потому, что он был очень сложной и противоречивой личностью. Imwe nyanzvi yemukwambo weTsar Fedor I Ioannovich anofarira munyori nokuti akanga ari munhu akaoma uye anopesana. Mukuwedzera, nguva yekutonga kwake yakanga iri kuchinja munhoroondo yeRussia, ichicherechedza kutanga kwe Time of Troubles.

Ndokusaka mudetembi akatendeuka kumakore ekutonga kwake, achitora semashoko evanhu venyaya dzake, pamwe chete nechekurumbira "History of the Russian State" nemumwe munyori wenhau dzakazivikanwa NM Karamzin. Muchikamu chechipiri chema1820 munyori akatakurwa nebasa raW. W. Shakespeare uye naizvozvo akave nemimba kuti azvigadzire dambudziko guru, chirongwa chaizotanga kupfurikidza nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo ekare. Icho chinobva kune ichi uye chinofanira kunge chakavakirwa pamusoro, chichitaura nezveiyo yaiva nyaya yezvisikwa naBris Godunov. Uyu munyori wenhau anofarira mudetembi nekuti Boris akanga ari munhu akasimba, ane simba-anoda uye ane tsvimbo yepamusoro uyo kuburikidza nemuzvakabva zvake aisakwanisa kutora chigaro cheMoscow, asi kuburikidza nouchenjeri hwake netarenda akazadzisa zvaaida: akaparidzirwa mambo uye akatonga kwamakore manomwe.

Nhanganyaya

Tsanangudzo pfupi yechiitiko chekutanga chebasa chinofanira kutanga kuongorora kwayo. "Boris Godunov" (Pushkin aifarira dambudziko raShakespeare, uye naizvozvo, saSyria playwright, akatanga nemufananidzo wakawanda wezvigadzirwa zvechiitiko chekutanga chechiitiko) ibasa iro, maererano nemafungiro evanozivikanwa nevatsoropodzi, munhu mukuru wevanhu veRussia. Nokudaro, chiitiko chekutanga chinotanga kuzarura pamberi pemuverengi panorama yakawanda yeKremlin Square, apo, chokwadi, mushure mekufa kwemwanakomana wokupedzisira waIvan the Terrible Fedor, mugumo weumambo hwakasarudzwa.

Vamiririri veZemsky Sobor vakaraira ungano kuti ibvunze Boris Godunov kuti atore musoro woumambo. Iyo yekupedzisira inoramba kwenguva yakareba, uye urongwa uhwu hunofambidzana zvikuru hunofanana nechiitiko chekutamba kwaShakespeare Richard III. Zvisinei, pakupedzisira, anobvumirana uye anovimbisa kutonga zvakarurama uye nekuchenjera. Kodzero dzegamba kuchigaro choumambo dzakatsanangurwa nekuti hanzvadzi yake yaiva mudzimai weakafa Tsar Feodor, uyo akafa asina mwana. Izvowo madzimambo Irina vakaramba simba ndokuenda kumusha wemamongi.

Mamiriro ezvinhu muimba yemamongi

Tsanangudzo yakasiyana yedonki Pimen inofanira kuiswa mune iyi nyanzvi yekuongorora. "Boris Godunov" (Pushkin aigara achikwezva chimiro chomunyori weRussia, waaifunga mumutambo wake) ibasa rinopesana nezvinyorwa zvezvakaitika kare zveShakespeare kuburikidza nekuparidzirwa kukuru kwenzvimbo uye nguva yezviito. Chiitiko chinotevera chinoitika makore mashanu shure kwezviitiko zvinorondedzerwa pamusoro apa. Munyori wenhetembo anorondedzera basa rorugare romukoki Pimen, ari kushanda pazvinyorwa zvake. Mukurumbira wake muenzaniso wakanaka wehurukuro yekare yakazara nechinangwa chefilosofi. Zvinonzwika nezvekuguma kweRussia uye nzvimbo yevanhu munhoroondo. Monk anotaura kuti vana vanofanirwa kuziva nguva yekugara kwenyika yavo. Basa rake rakareba uye kuzvininipisa kwakasiyana-siyana zvakananga nemafambiro aGrigory Otrepiev, uyo akasarudza kutora chigaro cheMoscow, achizviti iro zita remukuru akaurayiwa Dmitry Uglich, muduku kuna Tsar Ivan the Terrible.

Nhoroondo yeOtrepyev

Unhu hwemunhu uyu hunofanirwa kunge hunosanganisira kuongorora unyanzvi. "Boris Godunov" (Pushkin nguva dzose akwezva unhu hwekuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedza, uye chimiro ichi chinosanganisira rudzi urwu rwegamba) inomutambo wakavakirwa pane chinangwa chakasimba chinosanganisira zvinopesana zvematongerwe enyika nezvinetso zvefilosofi. Saka, Gregory akatiza kubva kumusha wematari ndokuedza kuyambuka muganhu weLithuania.

Zvisinei, paimba yevasungwa, varindi vakada kumubata. Grigory akanyengedza vateveri vake uye akakwanisa kuvanza muKrakow. Ikoko akatanga kutora simba rokutamba kuMoscow uye panguva imwechete akatarisira mwanasikana wev voevoda vekuMarine Mnishek.

Mufananidzo wemunhu mukuru

Mune nhamo "Boris Godunov", muchidimbu muchidimbu chekufanirwa kudzokororwa pamatanho makuru emutambo, mufananidzo wepfungwa wemambo unopiwa. Chokutanga, munyori anomuratidza mumhuri, mukukurukura nemwanasikana wake nemwanakomana. Mune mavara aya muverengi anoona baba vane hanya vane hanya nezveropafadzo dzevagari venhaka.

Kubva pane hurukuro yake nemwanakomana wake inova pachena kuti Boris ndiye mutongi akachenjera uyo anobata nehupfumi uye anotsvaka kudzidzisa mutsigiri wake zvakafanana. Asi zvino inotevera chiitiko chaanoonekwa pamberi peaverengi nenzira yakasiyana zvakasiyana. Iyo Tsar inopomerwa mhosva yekuponda kwe Tsarevich Dmitri (iyi chokwadi haisi kusimbiswa nesayenzi yezvakaitika kare, asi munyori akashandisa runyerekupe yakakurumbira) uye anotya kuti kupomerwa uku kuchagadzirisa nguva yake. Anoedza nesimba rake rose kuti ave mutongi akarurama uye akachenjera, asi kufunga kwekufa kwomwana hakumupa zororo. Nokudaro, munyori akapa tsanangudzo yakajeka yepfungwa yemambo, achizarura kubva kumativi maviri uye kuratidza kusavanzika kwepfungwa.

Mifananidzo yeOtrepyev

Chinonyanya kukosha munyaya dzezvakaitika dzinoparidzwa nebasa rake AS Pushkin. Dhimiro "Boris Godunov" inotaura nezvimwe zvezviitiko zvinoshamisa zvikuru munguva yakapfuura yaRus - kutanga kweNyika yeDambudziko, iyo yakatotungamirira kukanganisa kwehupfumi hwehurumende.

Munyori anonyatsoteerera mufananidzo waOtrepiev, uyo akava munyengeri ndokutora chigaro cheMoscow. Mune maonero omunyori, akanga ari murume wechivako chekuchengetedza: ari mupenyu, ane mano uye ane chido chakasimba. Muchiitiko chiri mumuganhu wevekucheka, akaratidza kusagadzikana, unyanzvi, nekudzivirira, akwanisa kupukunyuka kubva pakudzingwa. Basa "Boris Godunov", avo vane vanhu vakasiyana nemunhu ane simba uye akakurumbira, anokurudzira vaverengi kwete chete nechirongwa chinonakidza uye chinokurudzira, asiwo mavara akanyorwa zvakanyatsooneka akave achibva pamapeji eKaramzin. Icho chiito chave chimwe chezvikamu zvinokosha zvebasa racho, kunyange zvazvo mutambo hauratidzi kurwisana kwake zvakananga namambo.

Mifananidzo yemamoni

Pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvenhau, Pushkin akavaka basa rake. "Boris Godunov" (munyori wezvinyorwa Pimen mumutambo uri pasi pekufungidzirwa wakazova mumwe wevanhu vasingakanganwiki) idambudziko umo yose yakazara yezvifananidzo zvekupera kwezana remakore rechi16-pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi17 rinomiririrwa. Iyo mhedhi yemamoni, uko Grigory Otrepiev akararama kwechinguva , inomiririrwa muchitamba sechimiro chekuchenjera, rugare nerunyararo. Ari kushingaira kunyora nhoroondo pamusoro pezviitiko zvekare, uye nemaziso ake kuti muverengi anoona zvakapfuura, sezvaiye pachake aipupurira nezvake zviitiko zvikuru. Kubva pane zvinyorwa zvake, tinodzidza nezvekudengenyeka uye kuzvikudza kwebasa rake: Pimen anonzwisisa kukosha kwekusika chinyorwa pamusoro penhoroondo yenyika. Mutambo wose "Boris Godunov" unobatanidzwa nehupenyu hwechokwadi. Iyo ndima inotsanangura chiitiko chiri mu Miracle Monastery inonyanya kukoshesa, sezvinotaurwa nemutauriri anofuridzira rugare nerunyararo, uye kunyarara kwake kunopesana nemafungiro asina tsvina aGrigory Otrepiev.

Vanhu vari mumutambo

Maererano nemaonero anowanzozivikanwa nevatsoropodzi, munyori akaunza kuvanhu vasina ruzha vanoramba varipo mumatanho anokosha emabasa. Pakutanga, apo tsar yakasarudzwa, vagari vese vanogara muguta guru vakaungana muKremlin nzvimbo kumubvunza kuti agare pachigaro cheMoscow.

Mune mamiriro ezvinhu mumuganhu weTauvern zvakare kune vanhu vanobva kumadzinza ekudzikira mashoma emasangano: mutevedzeri weimba yevasungwa, mauto mashoma. Izvi ndizvo zvinosiyanisa mutambo "Boris Godunov" kubva munhoroondo dzezvakaitika zveShakespeare. Ndima iri mumagumo inonyanya kujeka uye inofananidzira: panguva yakashata yekuzivisa mambo wezvakaitika, boka rakaungana rakanyarara. Uyu ndiye munyori akaratidza kuti panguva iyo yekupedzisira yaisarudzwa kumusoro, pakati pevakomana, avo vakatora rutivi rweOtrepiev. Ichi chiitiko ndechekuti, chaizvoizvo, mugumisiro, kunyange zvazvo munyori wenhema akazvigadzira kusvika pakupedzisira.

Saka, vanhu vari mudambudziko "Boris Godunov" ndiye munhu mukuru. Izvi zvakaratidzwa mumutambo wairatidzwa mumutambo wezita rimwe chete nomunyori wekuRussia anozivikanwa M. Mussorgsky, mune zvikamu zvechiraira zvakakosha zvikuru.

Hondo Inotanga

Mutambo "Boris Godunov", zvinyorwa zvishomanana zvinoshandiswa pakuongorora uku, zvine zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvakabatana nemafungiro akafanana - kushorwa kwevanhu uye simba. Chiitiko chinotevera chinotanga netsanangudzo yezviito zvehondo zveomunyengeri. Anoenda kuMoscow mutariro yekubata simba. Zvisinei, mumuguta guru, Boris asingatarisiri anofa, asi anobudirira murufu rwake asati akomborera mwanakomana wake mukuru Fedor kuti atonge. Pakati pevana vechidiki panguva ino, pfungwa yacho yakakura kukurwisana nevana vemutongi akafa, uye mumwe wavo anozivisa munyengeri mambo. Mutambo wacho unoguma nokunyarara kwevanhu.