Origin Language: dzidziso uye hypotheses

Chimwe chezvinhu kunzwisisa zvakavanzika zvoupenyu hwevanhu mutauro. Sezvo wakazviratidza, nei vanhu vanosarudza kukurukura naro, apo panyika zvikuru akasiyana pakutaura? Mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi ndiyo nyaya pakutsvakurudza.

Biological dzidziso kwakabva mutauro

Kana tikatarisa kwakatangira mutauro, dzidziso anotiudza zvakawanda. Vose vari mapoka mapoka maviri: chaivo uye magariro.

Boka nedzidziso rokutanga anoramba kuti kukura mitauro bhora muvanhu chokuita kukura kwouropi ake uye Vocal midziyo. Ndiyo dzidziso onomatopoeia, iyo rinoti mashoko mukutaura omunhu akazviratidza sechinhu Tichitevedzera mananara kwenyika. Somuenzaniso, vanhu vakanzwa kurira mhepo, shiri vanodanidzira, bestial ngaritinhire, nokusika mashoko.

pfungwa iyi rinotsanangura matangiro uye kukura mutauro kutevedzera dzinongoitika ruzha, akanga nokukurumidza akarambwa. Zvechokwadi, pane mashoko kutevedzera machemero yakapoteredza nyika. Asi kunyanya ruzha zvakasikwa mumaguta edu vasisiri vanzwa, uye mashoko matsva vakasikwa dzimwe nzira.

Mabviro mutauro, kukura dzidziso mashoko uye zvirevo - zvose izvi nyaya philology zvidzidzo. Nechekare kare izvi zvakaitwa nemasayendisiti, uye zvange kamwe dzidziso anongodzokororwa zvisina kufanira. It yakatanga muzana remakore rechi18.

Chaizvoizvo Its iri yokuti mashoko yepakutanga kutaura zvakasiyana mupfungwa inoti, uye kutanga akazviratidza pakutaura manzwiro kuchema.

evanhu chibvumirano

Vakawanda havawanzoiti kwakabva mutauro, zvemutauro somunhu sainzi yakataurwa nemasayendisiti izvi. Zvishoma nezvishoma, zvipenyu dzidziso kwakabva mutauro akanga arambwa, vakatsiviwa pasocial.

Kwakadaro dzidziso mutauro akaonekwa kare. Diodor Sitsiliysky akapikisa kuti vanhu vakabvumirana pamusoro pezvinhu sei kuti zita zvinhu neimwe nzira. pfungwa idzodzi dzinokudziridzwa muzivi wokuFrance Jean-Zhak Russo regumi namasere remakore.

Shona 'maonero

Matangiro uye kukura mutauro hwagara kukwezvwa masayendisiti vakatsvaka kugadzirisa chirahwe ichi. paiva basa Fridriha Engelsa "Basa Labor ari Dzinochinja kubva Ape kuna Man" muna 1876. Nepfungwa huru, iyo rinounza Shona, ndiko kuti kutaura zvakonzerawo kuchinja nemaape kumunhu uye vakava vose chikwata panguva pamwe basa chiito. Pamwe chete Karlom Marksom, Shona akasika yakawanda basa iri kukura kutaura. Vazhinji Zvakazoitwa hypotheses nezvemavambo mutauro dzakatangira Marx uye Shona.

Maererano maonero Shona, mutauro uye kuziva zvine chokuita mumwe, uye nemhaka pfungwa iri rinoshanda basa nevanhu. Zvishoma nezvishoma, pamwe pave nenzanga, pane zvakasiyana tumitauro kwevanhu kutaura uye kutaura hana vepamusoro strata nzanga rikaita mutauro chaiko, iyo anodzivisa National bazi remutauro. Saka, maererano Shona mafungiro, ndiko kukura nechiJerimani uye Chirungu.

Mwari akatanga mutauro

Language, kusanganisira mabhuku, chipo chakapiwa kumunhu kupfuura Mwari. Taifunga nevafungi zhinji kudaro nedzekare. Grigoriy Nissky, munhu akakurumbira anofunga wechiKristu, akanyora kuti "chipo chokutaura akapa murume waMwari." Mafungiro akafanana inoitwa uye Vilgelm Gumboldt. Maererano naye, matauriro wakapiwa munhu nemauto naMwari, uye izvi chakaitika pakarepo, pasina tendero kukura. Pamwe kusikwa kwevanhu muviri kwaiswa naMwari mumoyo make uye kukwanisa kutaura. With dzidziso iyi, ndiyo chete pfungwa monogenesis mitauro uye muBhaibheri nyaya sei Ishe akavhiringidza tumitauro dzevanhu, zvekuti vakange vasingagoni kunzwisisa mumwe.

Shanduro iyi yakataurwa nyanzvi dzakadai Alfredo Trombetti, Nicholas Marr, Alexander Melnychuk. American nyanzvi Morris Swadesh akaratidza ariko guru macrofamilies mutauro uye ukama hwemhuri pakati pavo. The Kudeuka boka - nostratic, chinosanganisira Kartvelian, Dravidian, Altaic, eskimo-Aleut tumitauro. vose zvakafanana.

Zvino ngatikurukurei kwakabva vamwe vavo.

Mabviro mutauro wokuRussia: Old nguva

mutauro Russian ndechimwe chezvinhu rakakurumbira munyika. It unotaurwa nevanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 260. Ko wechishanu zvikuru nevanhu munyika.

History of mutauro wokuRussia ane vakawanda nguva. The kwokutanga nguva yawo pakukura - the Russian yekare, kubvira yechitanhatu kusvika namana remakore AD. Old nguva yakakamurwa kubudikidza preliterate, kureva, kusvikira muzana remakore rechi11, uye zvakanyorwa, kubvira muzana remakore rechi11. Asi sezvo remakore rechi11 pane disintegration yomutauro yekare kupinda yoga tumitauro. Izvi nokuda nechisimba Tatars, pamwe weboka rakabatana Russia iri siyana inoti. Mavambo Russian mutauro ano dzakatangira yakazotevera nguva, asi munguva dzazvino pane zvekare akaturikidzana kwemashoko.

Old Russian kumwedzi

Nguva chechipiri pakukura - Staraya Russa, kubvira regumi kusvika nemanomwe remakore. Panguva ino, mutsika imwe pamwe akaturikidzana mbiri dzakasiyana - Church iri Russian shanduro mutauro chaiwoiwo Russian mutauro chaiko, inobva zvavo tumitauro. Somugumisiro, rwunotanga idzore Moscow Koine.

History of mutauro wokuRussia unokubvumira kuona sei kuumbwa, chii zvachiri vakarasika vari nedanho inotungamirwa. Nechekare muTestamende Russian nguva akanyangarika zvinhu zvakadai hunyambiri, pava nani vocative (izvo, zvisinei, akagara mutauro wokuUkraine), vakanga dzibatane mhando declination.

Russian National mutauro

Pakutanga inotungamirwa wokuRussia mutauro National anogona kunzi munhu pakati-nemanomwe remakore. Mabviro aro aripo musimboti chokuita yakazotevera kumwedzi, zvinoti kubva remakore rechi19. Great rokuchinja ayo inotungamirwa aiva Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin.

In nemanomwe uye namasere emakore zvishoma nezvishoma nhete kukura kwebasa kushandiswa mutauro Church kwechiSlavonic, sezvo vanhu hunowedzera zvenyika uye zvenyika anokudzwa. Mugore regumi namasere remakore vakaisa mitemo wokuRussia girama uye chiperengo, uye mukuru pakuita izvi reDare Mihail Vasilevich Lomonosov. "Girama Russian" ake anova hwaro masayendisiti yemberi uye nyanzvi dzemitauro navose vanofarira Russian girama, lexicology, Morphology.

basa Pushkin ava pakupedzisira kuumbwa Russian mutauro chaiko uye akabvumira kuti kutora nzvimbo yaro yakakodzera munyika. Russian National kutaura dzinoratidzwa ndechokuti basa chikwereti rakanyatsojeka kumusoro mariri. Kana nemanomwe remakore, vakauya kubva mutauro wePolish regumi namasere - kubva Dutch uye German, negore regumi namapfumbamwe remakore kuoneke French, uye maviri uye-maviri okutanga emakore - Chirungu. Zvino mashoko ichibva Chirungu, iguru.

Chii zviri anozivikanwa nyanzvi munyaya iyi tsvakurudzo, sezvo matangiro mutauro? Dzidziso dzakawanda, kunyanya pachinhu mutauro wokuRussia, asi kuguma nyaya iyi asati haina akajekeswa, uye panguva iyoyo.

akaita sei mutauro Ukrainian

mutauro Ukrainian akazviratidza pahwaro chete bazi remutauro sezvo Russian. Mabviro mutauro Ukrainian ndorwevaya remakore namana. Munguva kubva nemina nemisere remakore yakatanga akwegura kuUkraine, uye kubva mushakabvu namasere - ari Ukrainian ano.

Basics of chaiko Ukrainian mutauro yakatanga Ivan Petrovich Kotlyarevsky akasika asingafi mabasa "Aeneid" uye "Natalka Poltavka". Mavari, iye nouchenjeri rinobatanidza motifs mabhuku yekare ake panguva chaizvo. Asi kwakabva Ukrainian rwechiHebheru, masayendisiti akawanda ndivanaMesiya kuti okugadzira zvinhu Tarasa Grigorevicha Dzhafarova. Ndicho ekupedzisira vakauya kuna pachiyero Ukrainian mitauro nyika yaingowanikwa. Okugadzira zvinhu Dzhafarova Ukrainian akwanise kutaura pachavo. mabasa akadai se "Kobzar", "Mai", "Dream", vave akashandurirwa mune mimwe mitauro nyika, uye munyori kwakaitwa boka vanyori yakakurumbira uye vazivi, uyo akapa vanhu tsika itsva.

Mabviro mutauro Ukrainian anodzidzwa nokuda nevatsvakurudzi vakawanda, kusanganisira vanozivikanwa masayendisiti Canadian.

Nei wakakurumbira kudaro Chirungu

Chirungu ndicho munyika mushure Mandarin Chinese uye Spanish. Nhamba yevanhu utaura, zvinowanzoita kuti vanhu bhiriyoni.

Kwakabva mitauro nyika vose, kunyanya avo vari kudzidza Chirungu. Zvino chichiri kushandiswa mubhizimisi, kutengeserana, pamwe dzakawanda, uye izvi imhaka yokuti British Empire yakakunda hafu nyika rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore. Pari chihombe kukanganisa nyika ndivo United States, mutauro mukuru riri Chirungu.

History of mutauro Shakespeare kuti rakakamurwa zvakasiyana nguva. Britain aripo kubva weshanu regumi remakore AD, Middle Chirungu - kubva wegumi remakore rechigumi nemashanu uye regumi namashanu nguva yedu pane New England. Zvinofanira akati kuti mavambo mutauro Latin anezvakawanda chokuita kwakabva Chirungu.

In paumbwe kutaura yeBritain akaita basa rinokosha mitauro vemadzinza akasiyana vaigara munyika kwenguva refu, uyewo mutauro Viking, izvo vavamba chitsuwa. Gare gare vakauya Normans muBritain. Nemhaka navo Chirungu rwechiHebheru aiva guru dura French mashoko. Uilyam Shekspir - munyori anenge aita mupiro mukuru kukura Vagari mutauro Albion. mabasa ake vava nemagariro nhaka British. Origin mutauro, dzidziso iri hwakawanda, nokuda kufurirwa vanyori vakakurumbira.

Zvino Chirungu ane aitungamirira chinzvimbo munyika. Inzira yokukurukurirana paIndaneti, sayenzi uye basa. Vazhinji nhaurirano pezvakaitwa munyika dzakasiyana-siyana, nedzenyu tsamba kuitika Chirungu.

Uwandu tumitauro riri guru kwazvo. Asi vaishora mumwe Chirungu uye American shanduro.