Paakanga akaberekwa akafa Nikitin? Nyanduri Nikitin Ivan Savvich

Ivan Savich Nikitin - mudetembi unyanzvi uye munyori anenge akashanda yakananga nhetembo evafundisi. Author mabasa vanhu vakawanda. Maonero ake zvakasikwa uye mweya nevanhuwo rakakura. Nikitin Ivan Savich, Photo Portraits dzinoturwa munyaya, kunyange zvose hunhu waro evinces noukuru mweya uye kukuru upenyu uchenjeri.

Time munhau

Huru yemisoro muchiRussia mabhuku XIX remakore yaiva hondo kuzorwa autocracy uye serfdom. Time, kana iye akaberekwa akafa Nikitin - nguva hondo feudalism nokusimudzira mweya uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika uye kuzvarwa kwebasa Decembrists.

Akauya pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu ipapo mabhuku uye Ivan Savich. Iye, mirayiridzo mudetembi Nekrasov raMwari, kazhinji kupendwa basa rake uye magariro hwakaderera strata munzanga. nhetembo yake tinoberekwa nyaya, izvo zvakajeka anofananidzwa vanhuwo zvavo uye dzomumaguta murombo. Kazhinji ari mabasa munyori angawana chinhu ungira upenyu hwake. urombo Personal akafuridzirwawo mudetembi kushanda.

Mudetembi akanyora, achitora somuenzaniso mabasa Nekrasov uye Koltsov, asi izvi hazvina kumutadzisa kuti azvionere maitiro.

Kuti ruzivo, tsika dzakawanda vanhu iyoyo, uye akaisa chisimbiso pamusoro ndima Ivan Savich Nikitin. Pfupi nemunyori - ndiwo marwadzo uye mufaro yenhoroondo Russian.

mudetembi wacho muduku

Ivana Savvicha Nikitina upenyu hwakanga hwakaoma kubva pakutanga. Asi, zvichida, wedzera yose nzira, mugumo angadai akamupa tarenda.

Nikitin, mudetembi ramangwana, akaberekwa musi October 3, 1824 mu Voronezh, mune nyore mhuri imwe kirasi pakati. baba vake aiva mutengesi uye makenduru apo zvakanaka mari. Kubvira vachiri vaduku akadzidza kuverenga nokunyora muvakidzani cobbler. Mufaro mukuru mukomana akaunza hunhu. Kwemaawa aigona kufamba munharaunda kuchengeta kuchinja panyika. Pedyo uye vabereki yokuzviparadzanisa vomwana havasi kutya.

"Ndinofara yematsutso chill no: revanhu ruzha iri zvisingatsungiririki kwandiri" - akazonyora Nikitin Ivan Savvich.

The baba vaiva urongwa zvikuru panguva mwanakomana wake, saka akamutumira kuti adzidze ari chebhaibheri. Zvakanga ipapo, mukomana akaedza kunyora nhetembo kekutanga.

Early akura

Nepo mukomana akaenda kumba matambudziko vakatanga. Bhizimisi Family haana kukura, uye baba vakatanga kunwa. Uyezve, pamwe inotonhorera zvikuru hunhu, iye muropa magirazi uye amai nyanduri. Nokuda matambudziko mumhuri mukomana asina kudzidza, uye nokukurumidza akanga akadzingwa chikoro. Kubva dhesiki yechikoro, akasimuka kuti yemabhuku kenduru chitoro.

Pashure pechinguvana amai vakafa Ivan Savich. Kwapera nguva yakati, bhizimisi pachayo vaneta zvachose. Uye chete chinhu chinoita kuti munhu afare, akava mabhuku. Zvisinei, zvaiita kuti kukanganwa pamusoro kurota kudzidza panguva payunivhesiti.

Chishuvo runako

Saka zvinosuruvarisa akapfuura makore oupenyu hwake Nikitina Ivana Savvicha. Hard basa, yomudzvinyiriri, baba akadhakwa uye ndachena, zvakafanana mumwe kuno rumwe mazuva. Asi chinopa kuti akakoromora nyanduri hwakakwana, yokungoitawo asingagoni kuchiripa. Iye unotsvaka mukuru unyanzvi, hariregi kwakadonha kupinza basa Pushkin, Gogol, Shakespeare, uye ake chaanofarira Belinsky. Zvakasara mwenje chitoro, wechiduku inoshanduka kuna yevaeni. Pakati nguva dzose akadhakwa uye Rowdy vatengi, mudetembi ramangwana akakwanisa mutsaure nguva kunyora nhetembo.

Nyararisa kusurukirwa Nikitin rinowanikwa izvi nguva pfupi kuti mufaro kupfuura murenje benzi nguva kutaura kuvanhu. Zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kukura nyanduri. Ndima Ivan Savich Nikitin pfupi asi zvakanaka akadzikama uye nechinangwa.

Danho rokutanga kuti tibudirire

Muna November 1853 jaya akasarudza kutumira mabasa avo kuna mupepeti. Ivo inobudiswa "Voronezh Provincial Gazette." Ipapo munyori initials "I. N. ". Apo mapepanhau vaishanda Nikolay Vtorov, uyo haisi vanofarira nyanduri muduku, asi pashure akava shamwari yake yepamwoyo.

Basa nokukurumidza akagamuchira wongororo akanaka uye vakauya mbiri kuna nyanduri duku. Nikitin Ivan Savvich akava "mutsivi" Koltsov. Iye inorumbidza chakanaka hunhu mabasa ake kurira rudo panyika, iye wokupemberera kunaka nyore kushanda murume. Uyezve, sezvo chakagamuchirwa kupinda mudenderedzwa vakadzidza. Pakupedzisira, zvinoita rotates mune vanhu naye anofarira.

Mumwe nhetembo nhatu yaakatuma kuna mupepeti, aiva "Rus". In basa iri iye akaratidza kurwadziwa kwake uye nyika pfungwa chokuita Crimean War.

Pierian chitubu

Pasinei mukurumbira, upenyu gamba nyaya yedu haana kuchinja zvikuru. Nyanduri Nikitin Ivan Savvich haana kurega kuita yevaeni. Baba achiri kunwa, asi makore 1854-1856 ukama pakati pavo kugadziridzwa zvishoma. Mhepo nezvaiva muchivanze, kazhinji rakafuridzirwa munyori. Unogona overhear kukurukura zvavo vanhu, rokuvandudza zvokufungidzira mifananidzo itsva, tarisa vachena, asi dzinonakidza upenyu. Uye saka zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti okugadzira zvinhu Nikitin.

Uyewo pamakore aya mudetembi akanga achiparidza kuzvidzora dzidzo, vakapedzisira vava kuziva mabasa nevamwe vanyori, akadzidza French.

Chii wakavanzika simba nyanduri pakunamata

Muzhizha 1855 mudetembi vakabata kuchitonhora nokuti swimming uye vasanyanya zvakatoitika simba utano. Panguva iyoyo, akanga anotendeukira pakutenda uye odurura manzwiro ake munhetembo. In inosuruvarisa nguva peni yake akasvika nhetembo akadai "Munyengetero" (1851), "The New Testament" (1853), "The kutapira yokunyengeterera" (1854). Ndiwo kupfuura yechitendero hwake Nikitina Ivana Savvicha. Short chigadzirwa kubata zvikuru ayo nyore uye kudzika vanogutsikana:

"Oh Mwari wangu! Ndipei kuda simba,

Uma haarambi kuwana baya. "

Muna 1857, Voronezh anosiya mumwe shamwari shomanana nyanduri Nikolay Vtorov. On tenzi mudanga kurwiswa kuora mwoyo, panguva kusiya masimba ake okusika. Asi zvisinei mafungiro kwenguva refu akatonga nyanduri, uye ake nazvo, rekusuwa uye kuneta, iye splashes papepa. Saka, kwegore kubva peni yake kunze chigadzirwa "chibhakera". A detembo vatsoropodzi uye vaverengi vachinzwisisa kwazvo.

Autobiographical "chibhakera"

Mumakore apo akaberekwa akafa Nikitin, pfungwa yaiva Russia se "chibhakera".

Rinoreva nomushambadzi way kubva obmeryaet, uremu zvakaipa uye kunyengedza vanhu. The chikuru gamba the chigadzirwa - nemushambadziri Lukic. Iye kwakaipa uye isingakudzwi nemararamiro, usazeza kuba, nhema uye kubiridzira. Izvi zvishoma zvinhu manomano - chete nokuda chii aigara nemhuri yake. Detembo aoma oupenyu. Nomushambadzi wake - vabereki yemunyori. Akarondedzera nhoroondo dzoupenyu hwezuva nezuva - zviri pfungwa kuti akaona nemaziso ake.

Detembo "chibhakera" raiva akapfuma chaizvo upenyu Zvikamu. It tsananguro hunhu itsva uye inonakidza. Pane zvikamu zvinogona kuzvimirira nhetembo, kana wakatorwa chechinyorwa. Detembo akakodzera zita upfumi rwacho. Hapana rimwe basa haritsananguri upenyu saka zvakajeka.

Mudetembi wacho muduku akanga akaoma, uye "chibhakera" - iri pamwero Biography ake. Ivan Savich Nikitin akararama munguva apo doro kwakanga kwakakurumbira chaizvo. Detembo zvakazara vanoratidza ipapo mamiriro yeRussian Empire. Naizvozvo, achirondedzera matambudziko emhuri yake, akatsanangura vose ipapo vanhu.

Sunset upenyu hupfupi

pashure pegore, muna 1858, vakasunungura kwavo muunganidzwa nhetembo wechipiri. The vatsoropodzi havana kukoshesa basa, asi izvozvo hazvina kumisa nyanduri kuita paanoda. Anoramba kudzidza uye zvino aidaro rokushandura, izvo kunomubatsira kuziva zvakadzama vapfumi nyika mabhuku.

Muna February 1859, Nikitin anovhura chemabhuku, kuti zvakanga akaisa raibhurari. In Voronezh, chitoro anova muzinda tsika kuti vanhuwo zvavo uye vakadzidza.

Panguva iyoyo, apo iye akaberekwa akafa Nikitin, ndivo kuzvitoro zvemabhuku vaiunganidza chakajeka pfungwa munzanga.

Kubvira panguva iyoyo, utano mudetembi vakatanga kudzikira. Kana akanzwa rakanaka, basa rake kunowedzerwa nemabasa itsva. Zvisinei, panguva chirwere Nyanduri vasingagoni kufarira zvinenge chinhu chii vakamukomba.

"Diary seminarian," mudetembi akanyora gore asati afa. Raiva prose basa rake rokutanga.

Mazai okugadzira zvinhu akamutendera kuti munhau dzemari.

In utano hwakanaka, akafamba nzvimbo dzakawanda, ndichishanyira St. Petersburg uye Moscow, ari kuitika mune tsika kukura zvizvarwa Voronezh.

May 1861 akaratidza dzinouraya nokuda gamba nyaya yedu. Nyanduri chando, refu uye zvakaoma akarwa chirwere.

Kwete nyore, minzwa yaiva Biography ake. Ivan Savich Nikitin akafa tibhii 16 October 1861 pazera makore 37.

rwendo nguva rake rokusika aiva nemakore 8 chete okuberekwa.

Mudetembi akavigwa New Cemetery Mitrophanievskoye pedyo mumwe vospevatelem hunhu - Koltsov.

Mudetembi wacho aiva oga paakaberekwa, uye akafa Nikitin uyewo oga. Nokuda namahwindo hunhu murume zvakanga zvakaoma kuwirirana nevanhu. Amai vakashaya vaduku. Asi baba, kunyange apo mwanakomana wake akanga ava kuda kufa, haana kukanda mapfumo pasi bhodhoro.

Nikitin muupenyu hwake akawana mukurumbira. Zvakatora anenge mazana maviri nemakore kubva pakaberekwa nyanduri uye nhetembo dzake mbiri hunhu, uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika uye zvakarurama kutapurira mifananidzo vanhu vachiri dzinonakidza uye akakodzera.