Pakutanga ushe Peter 1. Peter King 1. Nguva Peter 1

Siyana uye dzinonakidza nhoroondo Russia. Peter 1 aigona kuva chihombe zvazvinoita naye. The kuedza kuchinja, akavimba zvakaitika kunyika dzokuMadokero, asi akaita maererano nezvinodiwa Russia, apo vasina imwe maitiro uye kuchinja chirongwa. The Emperor weRussia wokutanga aigona kutungamirira nyika kubuda "kujeka" nguva iri mberi nyika yokuEurope, kumanikidzwa kuremekedza simba uye kuzobvunza nayo. Zvechokwadi, akanga ari anokosha kukura ehurumende.

Policy uye Management Board

Funga mutemo uye ushe Peter 1 zvishoma. Akakwanisa rokusika zvinhu zvose zvakafanira yokumutsa Profile kuWestern nebudiriro, uye muitiro Achabvisa nheyo wekare zvikuru inorwadza kuti Russia. An chinokosha kuchinja kwaiva chokwadi kuti kukanganisa zvose evanhu strata, nyaya iyi Peter 1 yakasiyana chaizvo kubva mabasa ayo vamutangira.

Asi vose, Politika Petra kutaurirwa kusimbisa munyika unyorwe tsika. Chokwadi, iye kazhinji akaita kubva panzvimbo yesimba, zvisinei, akakwanisa kusika yakasimba ine riri pamusoro pamambo ane mhedziso risingaperi simba.

Russia Peter 1 asati kure shure zvoupfumi magadzirirwo kubva kune dzimwe nyika, asi kukunda uye kuchinja munyaya zvose zvoupenyu zvakatungamirira nokusimbaradza, kuwedzera miganhu hwacho uye ayo kukura.

1 Politika Petra rakanga kukunda matambudziko traditionalism kuburikidza zhinji zvinhu, zvichiguma modernized Russia yava imwe huru Vatori dzemarudzi political mumitambo. Iye lobbied zvavanofarira. kutendeseka Its yakawedzera substantially, uye Petro pachake akaonekwa muenzaniso muvandudzi mukuru.

Iye nheyo Russian tsika uye ane inobudirira utariri hurongwa, izvo zvagara kwemakore akawanda.

Nyanzvi dzakawanda, kuongorora nhoroondo Russian, anodavira kuti kuchinja kumanikidza nokuiswa akanga inadmissible, kunyange kuramba pfungwa kuti imwe nyika raingoreva asina kumutswa, uye Kesari anofanira kuva oma. Pasinei vavakezve, nyika asingadi kubvisa ezvinhu serfdom. Mukupesana, yakaramba upfumi mauto mudanga raiva vanhuwo zvavo. Iyi yakanga iri huru kupokana iri kuenderera mberi kuchinja Peter Mukuru, saka pakanga preconditions zviri dambudziko mune remangwana.

Biography

Peter 1 (1672-1725) akanga ari mwanakomana muduku akaroorwa Romanova A. M. uye Naryshkinoy N. K. ABC Learning akatanga 12/03/1677, paakanga asati nemakore mashanu. 1 Peter, uyo Biography kubva pauduku izere inobwinya zviitiko, akazova mambo mukuru.

Muchinda akaenda nokuzvidira chaizvo, rudo nyaya uye kuverenga mabhuku. Mambokadzi anzwa nezvazvo, iye akarayira kumupa bhuku iri nhoroondo yamambo raibhurari.

Muna 1676, Peter 1, vane Biography panguva ino kwakaratidzwa norufu baba vake, akanga arerwa mukoma. Mugari wenhaka akagadzwa Romanov Ivan Alekseevich, asi nokuda utano murombo akaparidza kwemakore gumi changamire Peter. Miloslavsky aisada kubata nayo, uye saka akanga atsamwiswa Streletsky nokumukira, pashure idzo mbiri dzakanga pachigaro - Peter uye Ivan.

Peter uye mai vake vaigara Izmailovo, iyo nzvimbo yechizvarirwo of Romanov dzavo, kana mumusha Chitarisiko. Church uye dzidzo yokunyika uye muchinda haana kuwana ikoko pachayo. Akasimba, chaizvo, aiwanzoenda airidza hondo pamwe chete nevezera ravo.

The German ugari, akasangana wokutanga rudo ndokuita zhinji neshamwari. Pakutanga ushe Peter 1 kwave kuchiratidzwa nyonganyonga, iyo yakarongwa ne Sofia, kuedza kubvisa munin'ina wake. Haana kuda kurega simba mumaoko ake. Muna 1689, Prince aifanira kutizira Utatu-rwacho Segiyo Lavra. Iye akabatana pasherefu uye chikuru chikamu muchivanze, uye hanzvadzi yake Sophia abviswa bhodhi uye nechisimba mujeri yemamongi.

Wakasimbiswa choushe Peter 1. Biography kubva panguva inonyanya risingakanganwiki vari voga upenyu uye paruzhinji mabasa. Iye muchirongwa mishandirapamwe kuzorwa Turkey, mumwe muzvipiri akaenda Europe apo akatora mararamiro atirari Sciences, akadzidza shipbuilding mu England, yakabereka chine zvinhu mu Russia. Akanga akaroora kaviri uye aiva nevana 14, vakaona pamutemo.

upenyu Personal Petro I

Lopuchin Evdokia ndiye wokutanga mukadzi wamambo, uyo Vakawanikwa pakati 1689. The mwenga anosarudza mai mukuru weRoma, uye kuda kwake, haana kunzwa, asi chete ruvengo. In 1698, aiva nechisimba tonsured sezvo munani. Personal upenyu - imwe peji yebhuku, izvo zvinogona kunzi nyaya Peter 1. munzira akanga asangana ne Marta - wokuLivonia runako akanga akabatwa wokuRussia, uye mambo, wakati achimuona mumba Menshikov asisiri kuda kuparadzana nayo. Pashure muchato wavo, akava Empress Catherine I.

Peter zvikuru kwazvo naye, iye akamuberekera vana vakawanda, asi vakadzidza kwake kusavimbika, akasarudza kwete bequeath chigaro wake. Complex ukama mambo aiva mwanakomana wake kubva muchato wake wokutanga. Mambo akafa, uye vasina kusiya chido.

Interests Petro I

Kunyange kuva mwana remangwana chamber mukuru Peter 1 achiunganidza "kusetsa" pasherefu nevamwe uye hondo zvichiitika. In upenyu akazotevera regiments izvi vakanyatsodzidziswa uye vaiva varindi huru. Petro aiva chaizvo kuongorora pachisikirwo, uye saka Akafarira zhinji rwokugadzira uye nesayenzi. Rengarava - mumwe chido, akanga zvakakomba paaivatambudza shipbuilding. Inoziva fence, mabhiza mabhiza, pyrotechnics, lathe mabhizimisi uye nezvimwe sayenzi.

Pakutanga ushe

Pakutanga ushe Peter 1 rakanga dvoetsarstviem sezvo paaibuda simba pamwe mukoma wake Ivan. Pashure deposition hanzvadzi Sophia, Peter nguva yokutanga, kwete mamiriro mitemo. Nechekare pazera remakore 22 mambo wechiduku akatendeuka achifunga choushe, uye mabasa aunofarira ake akatanga kuoneka kuti nyika. Yake yokutanga Azov chirongwa akanga vakaedza muna 1695, mumatsutso 1696 - wechipiri. Ipapo Emperor anotanga kuvaka zvikepe.

Chitarisiko Peter I

Kubvira paucheche Peter aiva mwana panzvimbo yakakura. Somwana, akanga akanaka uye chiso uye nhamba uye ari pamusoro zvose vezera. In nguva kufara uye kutsamwa kwamambo nekakutya twitching chiso, uye kutya vamwe. Duke Mutsvene-Simon akamupa tsanangudzo yakarurama: "chamber Peter 1 - varefu, zvakanaka akavaka, wakawondereiko kudai zvishoma. Round chiso uye yakakwirira huma, nevagari vayo akanaka chimiro. The mhino ndiko zvishoma pfupi, asi kwete pachena, miromo paukobvu, rima ganda. Mambo dema meso akaisvonaka chimiro, upenyu chaizvo njere. Tarirai noruremekedzo chaizvo uye inokudzwa. "

nguva

Huge kufarira ndiyo yaitonga Peter 1, sezvo kutanga kukura uye nzwisisika pave Russia, akatendeuka ndokuita simba guru. Nokuda Kushandurwa mambo uye mabasa ake, hondo uye nezvikepe dzose yakavakwa Kwevadzidzi uye maumbirwo, kuumbwa pamusoro akawanda emakore. Inosimudzira maindasitiri emakambani vakava rwokugadzira uye emaoko, kumisa zvemukati uye kwokunze kutengeserana. Paiva kuramba urongwa mabasa nokuda kwevanhu.

Culture muRussia pasi Peter I

Russia hwachinja zvikuru, apo Petro akasvika choushe. Kunoramba okuchinja vakanga zvikuru nokuda nyika. Russia yava simba, nguva dzose kuwedzera miganhu yayo. It rava European ezvinhu izvo dzimwe nyika vaitofanira waongororwa. Kwete chete mabasa echiuto uye zvokutengeserana yakagadzirwa, asi paivawo nemagariro kubudirira. Gore idzva rakatanga kumhanya kubva 1 January, paiva kurambidza ndebvu, akauya pepanhau wokutanga Russian uye mabhuku vatorwa rokushandura. Career kukura pasina dzidzo yakava zvisingabviri.

Mushure akwira choushe, mambo akaita makuru kuchinja zhinji, uye nhoroondo ushe Peter 1 riri siyana uye noumambo. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha mitemo yakanga kuti kuchinjwa choumambo tsika chete vazukuru hono mutsetse iri akadzima, uye mugari wenhaka anogona kupiwa mumwe yamambo kuda. The chirevo zvaishamisa chaizvo, uye aitofanira tuzvikonzero uye kutsvaka mvumo yacho hunodzorwa, kumumanikidza kuti kupa afidhavhiti. Asi rufu haana kumupa mukana arishandise.

Etiquette munguva Peter

Kuchinja kwakaitika munguva Peter 1 uye nokuzvibata. The courtiers vaipfeka nguvo European, ndebvu dzake aigona kuponesa chete nokubhadhara rinorema yakaisvonaka. Zvakava mufashoni kupfeka wigs pamwe Western mitsetse. Vakadzi vasina kare kupinda yemichato mumuzinda, zvino kunodiwa kuti vaenzi, kuvandudza dzidzo yavo, sezvo zvaifungwa kuti musikana vanofanira kukwanisa kutamba, kuziva mitauro yokumwe uye kuridza zviridzwa.

Chimiro Peter I

Chimiro namambo yave nharo. Peter yemwana uye muchitonhorera panguva imwecheteyo, iyo pfachura uye rinorevei, yakaoma uye tsitsi, yakawandirwa chaizvo uye kazhinji tsitsi, dzemakwiringwindi uye munyoro panguva imwecheteyo. Saka chinorondedzerwa nevaya vaimuziva. Asi kwaiva mambo mukuru akavimbika, upenyu hwake hwaiva zvachose vakazvipira pabasa mamiriro, ndiye uye chose hwake.

1 Petro kuchengetedza chaizvo apo kushandisa mari kuti munhu zvinodiwa, asi kuvaka dzimba dzavo dzohushe uye mudzimai anodiwa, haana stint. The Emperor akafunga kuti nyore nzira yokuderedza kuremara - kuderedza zvavanoda, uye vanofanira muenzaniso kuna vaaitonga. Kune vari zvakanaka akatarira kuburikidza ake kaviri: mumwe - mambo mukuru uye ane simba ane yamambo Peterhof haasi muduku kuna Versailles, vamwe - muridzi dzakaonda, muenzaniso nokuda mari upenyu vavanotonga. Kuoma musoro uye kuchengetedza kusiyirira uye European nevagari.

nadzurudzo

Pakutanga ushe Peter 1 kwave kuchiratidzwa vanoverengeka zvinhu kurondedzera nhau kunyanya muchiuto, kazhinji kuitwa simba, havana nguva dzose zvakaita kuti aida zvaizoitika kwaari. Asi pashure 1715 vakava zvakawanda zvakanaka. Tikabata pamusoro kuchinja pamakore okutanga ari Boyar Duma, izvo zvakava sashanda pakutonga nyika. Kana tikafunga rekutonga Peter 1 Muchidimbu, pane zvakawanda dzinokosha. Vakaronga hofisi Middle. mapuranga vazhinji vakasuma, mumwe basa nhungamiro dzaro (mitero, vatorwa mutemo, kutengeserana, matare, uye zvichingodaro. d.). Pakutonga kuchinja zvachinja. Akatanga kuti kudzora nzvimbo musori vashandi. The zvokuchinja dzakachinja zvose zvoupenyu: nemauto, chechi, zvemari, kutengeserana, autocratic. Nokuda okunyanyisa kuchinja zvose mabhora kwoupenyu Russia akaonekwa chikuru simba, uye ipapo akatsvaka Peter 1.

Peter I: makore zvinokosha

Kana tikafunga misi inokosha muupenyu uye basa namambo, kuti Peter 1, makore zvakatendeka kuchiratidzwa siyana zviitiko imwe nguva zvikamu chainyanya basa:

• 1700: Constantinople runyararo chibvumirano, Great Northern War, Narva - kukundwa mauto.
• 1721: The maindasitiri vanobvumirwa kutenga vanhuwo zvavo, ivo Revafundisi kupfungwa, Chibvumirano Nystad pamwe Sweden kuwana Kesari Peter Mukuru rokuremekedza.
• 1722: reCaspian Mushandirapamwe uye nhoroondo kubatana kuti Russian pemhenderekedzo yegungwa.

Pakutanga ushe Peter 1 yave kubva pakutanga yakavakirwa kurwira ezvinhu. Hakusi kuti hapana anonzi Great. Musi rokutonga Peter 1: 1682-1725 makore. Sezvo simba kwake, tsunga, unyanzvi, kwete dai pakubudiririsa kana simba kana nguva, mambo akanga yakaomarara vose, asi kunyanya kune pachako. Kazhinji utsinye, asi ndinoonga ake simba, kuzvitsaurira, simba uye vamwe utsinye Russia hwachinja, kuva simba guru. Nguva Peter 1 zvakachinja chiso mamiriro emakore. Uye akavaka guta rakava guta guru roumambo kwemakore 300. Zvino St. Petersburg - rimwe remaguta akanaka muRussia uye nokudada ine zita raro kukudzwa kukuru muvambi.