Boyar Duma

Nezvekwakabva shoko rokuti "Ishe" kusvikira USINGAZIKAMWI. Uyewo, hapana vhidhiyo manyuko, izvo angadai akataura zvakajeka mabasa avo akapiwa. We chete kuziva kuti zviri pedyo Prince varairiri kubatsira kugadzirisa nyaya National kukosha.

Boyar Duma - zvachose kanzuru pasi muchinda, kugadzirisa pemasimba mibvunzo Zemsky. mabasa ake akanga zakonosoveschatelnogo hunhu. The mamiriro kunze boyars, vaiva varwi, uye dzimwe nguva uyewo nevamiririri vafundisi yepamusorosoro.

Boyar Duma akasarudza pezvidzidzo utariri, zvokunze policies, mutemo uye dare. Saka vakanga inokurukurwa pamwe Prince (mambo). Kugona, kodzero uye mabasa havana kutaurwa. Kazhinji, vanhu vanoverengeka vaivapo padare, asi kana iwe kukurukura kupfuura dzinokosha, misangano yaiitwa mumutauro rakawedzerwa format. Duma vaiitawo munyaya dzechitendero uye zvemitemo nezviyero, zvipfuwo mano, dzimwe mutemo.

Musangano Vatungamiri 'achava muchinda (mambo), iye aiti sarudzo. In asipo, mabasa aya dzinovapa mvumo Boyar. Paaitaura mubvunzo mukuru ane machinda shoma munyika yaizoitwa musangano kumonwa. Boyar Duma akanga hunonyatsobatana muchinda sokuvapo chaiva kupfuura chikamu retainers akanzwa kubva panzvimbo nenzvimbo. Zvadaro, pashure amplification Zemsky maatomu akafanana, zvakaita mamwe kuzvionera.

Boyar Duma pamberi remakore rechi15 yakanga pamusoro sezvinodiwa. Gare gare akava zvechigarire Advisory rinodzora raiumbwa mabharani remakurukota, vanokudzwa, courtiers, vanokudzwa Duma. Wokutanga vaitarisira muhofisi kuunganidza uye chakaita kuti gwaro zvisarudzo. Ivo vakapiwa rekupinda, uye namestnye zvishoma mhosva. Mabharani remakurukota rakanga yakadereresa chinzvimbo mundege.

Court chinzvimbo "Jinda" yaivapo Russian hurumende 13 kusvika 18 remakore. Pakutanga, basa ravo raiva kufamba mudziyo muchinda, muchirongwa akurukure nhume. Courtiers aiva wechipiri paukuru mushure Boyar Duma. Persons rwakabata pambiru, vakagadzwa magavhuna regimental, vakuru mirairo, vakatora chikamu musangano pamuzinda yemichato.

Duma Duma wamambo aiva chinzvimbo rechitatu. Ivo aitonga mirairo, akagadzwa magavhuna, mauto akaita uye dare mabasa, muchirongwa kumisangano Council. nhamba yavo yaiva duku, avanotarisira kuti mumhuri zita zvakanaka-kuzvarwa.

Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi17 (1606) pazuva Zemsky Sobor muushe raiva "kudanidzira" Muchinda Vasily Shumsky, inonzi Knights. Kuti hwokuchengetedza kutsigirwa Duma, kana kanenge zvimwe vasanyanya ruvengo yayo kwaari, mambo mutsva akasarudza kusangana kutaura pamusoro vakakwirira uye kumanikidza zvinoverengeka mitoro. Panyaya iyi, akanga apika ari se "krestotselovalnoy kurekodha," izvo akavimbisa kuti kuchava: kutonga pasina Duma, kumanikidza kunyadziswa pasina kururamiswa zvakakwana, kuti abvise pfuma kubva vemhuri vaurayiwa. Saka, mambo simba rakanga shoma. Zvisinei, zvinosungirwa chokwadi kazhinji haisi kutevedzerwa. Muchiitiko chino, dzimwe venhoroondo mhiko Vasiliya Shuyskogo anoonekwa sezvo danho rokutanga nokusika pamutemo nehurumende.

Boyarsky mambo akanga vatsigiri shoma, kazhinji vakachinja vatsigiri vavo uye maonero. Yake kodzero choumambo, vaakaruramisa ari kare rwayo. Zvisinei, vanhu havana kuvimba naye. Haana kufadzwa chero simba, kana rudo, nekuti shoko rake hazvigoni kuvimbwa. Ndizvo zvakaita kuti nokukundwa yake, iyo kwakaitika musi July 17, 1610.

Boyar Duma kusvikira pakutonga raPetro I, zvikurukuru kusvikira 1711, apo yakanga inoumbwa weSeneti.