Palmyra, Syria: nhoroondo uye rondedzero guta rekare

Palmyra (weSiria) ndiro rimwe remaguta ekare munyika. The kutaurwa guta rino yokutanga yakatanga makore 900 BC. Palmyra mutemo anozivikanwa nanhasi madzimambo ekare. Pane yakaitika kwazvakarerekera, pakaparara umambo, chivande, uye vazhinji nevamwe chinokosha munhoroondo kwendangariro. Mavakirwo vekare richiripo nanhasi uye rakanyatsosiyana nemamwe. Zvisinei, muna 2015 zvisaririra muguta rekare vakaparadzwa magandanga "Islamic nehurumende."

makarekare

The kare guta zvinogona kuongororwa kanenge nezvokuti muBhaibheri mune tsanangudzo dzakadaro nhare sezvo Palmyra. Siriya panguva haana kusaroora. On Ndima yayo yaitongwa nemadzimambo siyana uye marudzi. Rinozivikanwa hunhu yeBhaibheri - King Solomon - akasarudza akamisa Tadmori (aimbova zita) sezvo nhare kudzivirira pamusoro vachirwisa muAramu. Nzvimbo akasarudzwa panguva mharadzano dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana. Asi nokukurumidza pashure pakuvaka guta rakaparadzwa zvinenge zvachose chipatapata Nuavuhodnosora. Asi wakanaka kwazvo nzvimbo rwakakurudzira varidzi itsva kuvaka yokugara. Kubva zvino pano kuramba akauya vapfumi vatengesi uye kwamachinda. Pasina nguva kugarwa murenje, Palmyra akava umambo.

Nerunyerekupe fuma huru vakaparadzira kusvikira Europe. Sam mambo Roman akaziva kuti rwaYufratesi kumupata kune zviito guta Palmyra rakanaka. Siriya apo zvishoma raitungamirwa nevaParthia, vakanga vachirwa kuRoma. Saka, The Imperial mauto vakasarudza kutora guta, asi kuedza izvi havana kubudirira. Makore mashomanana gare gare mukuru Antonine youmambo achiri akatora Tadmori. Kubvira ipapo guta uye nzvimbo dzakapoteredza akava raitongwa neRoma. Asi vatariri vemo ndokuteerera kumwezve kodzero kuti haana zviripo dzimwe nyika yakakunda.

The simba chikuru

Kurwa pamusoro nharaunda yakanga yakakura zvikuru kupfuura kudzorwa enyika Palmyra. Siria chimwe muzvitatu kurenje, apo hazvibviri kugara. Naizvozvo kudzora nzvimbo iyi zvaitsamira kubatwa anoverengeka nhare nodes. Ndiani aidzora nzvimbo pakati pegungwa mupata rwaYufratesi, kuti chakabata mugwenga yose. Sezvo guta riri kure kwazvo nechepakati kunyika Roman, paiva kazhinji kupandukira guta. Zvisinei, Palmyra agara akaramba nekaupenyu akazvimiririra rwenyika, vachitevera muenzaniso Greek guta-mitemo. simba kwakanyanyisa muushe Queen Zenobia. In Tamdor akadzinga vatengesi zvose pamusoro kuMiddle East. Ndokumisapo zvikuru netemberi uye dzimba. Naizvozvo Zenobia akasarudza zvachose kubvisa pajoko reRoma. Zvisinei, Aurelian, Roman Emperor, sei nokukurumidza zvakakwana uye akaenda nemauto ake kuti kumiganhu kure. Somugumisiro, vaRoma yakakunda Palmyra, uye navahosi akabatwa musungwa. Kubvira ipapo anotanga kwokuderera rimwe remaguta yakaisvonaka kwazvo kare.

madokero

Pashure pakaparadzwa Zenobia guta achiri pasi pedyo nekushandiswa eRoma. Vamwe vavo vakaedza kuvakazve uye kudzorera pakutanga chitarisiko Palmyra. Zvisinei, kuedza kwavo havana kubudirira. Somugumisiro, mune rechi8 remakore AD Arab vachirwisa vakatora nzvimbo, zvakazoita Palmyra yakanga zvakare kunorira. Pashure paizvozvo, chete chiduku kugarwa vasara simba province. Zvisinei, vakawanda zvivako vachengetedzwe, wakararama kusvika ikozvino uye kusvikira 2015 rakanga pasi kudzivirirwa "UNESCO". Siriya - Palmyra, kwokukunda yokufeva iyo anozivikanwa kuti nyika yose, kunyanya - aiva Mecca chaiyo vashanyi. Zvisinei, zvinhu zvakachinja.

Palmyra: guta muSiriya nhasi

Kubvira 2012, muSiriya imwe hondo yevagari ropa. Pakazosvika 2016, zvichiri kwete pamusoro, uye wakapindwa zvose zviso zvitsva. Muchirimo 2015 Palmyra akava yokurwira. Kufanana zviuru zvemakore akapfuura, mudunhu ndiyo nodal pfungwa kuti kudzora murenje. Pano anoenda munhu sokuronga kukosha nzira kuna Deir ez-Zor. Yakanga kutongwa vehurumende Bashar Assad. More chando Tamdor dunhu Mauto infiltrated gandanga sangano "kwechiIslam State of Iraq uye Levant". Mwedzi mishomanana gare gare vakanga vachiedza kutora guta, asi hazvina zvazvakabatsira.

kuparadza

Zvisinei, mukupera yechirimo, apo huru mauto ehurumende mauto akanga takabatikana dzimwe nzvimbo, Mauto yakarwisa musi Palmyra. Mushure vhiki kunotyisa kurwa LIH vachiri akakwanisa kutora guta uye dzakapoteredza nzvimbo. Izvi zvakateverwa dzakatevedzana vachiurayiwa. Mauto akatanga kuparadza sezvivako yekare. Uyezve, magandanga kwakabvumira vanonzi "archeologists vatema" kushanda muguta. Point anowana ivo resell pamusoro pamusika dema kuti chikuru zvikuru chiri kubhadhara. Nzvimbo avo vasiri transportable, vaparadzwa. Satellite mifananidzo zvinoratidza kuti panguva ino vari kudzimwa pamberi anenge zvose zvivako panzvimbo apo kamwe raiva guta Palmyra. Siriya anoramba ari mumamiriro kurwisana nezvombo, saka haisi kuzivikanwa kuti kusiya hondo inotyisa iyi chero Zvivako kuti zvizvarwa zvedu.