Munyika yedu, nematambudziko kuitika kwose kwose. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha - chinhu upfumi chete. Pazvinoitika munyika duku, zviri nepaburi kuchioneka. Asi zvoupfumi iri US, EU uye China zvinogona kukanganisa nyika yose. Uye hazvishamisi - nokuti mumwe 3/5 upfumi ichi ndokwevakavimbika zvose zvenyika chakakomba mumhuri chigadzirwa. Asi kana pane akaipa kuitika, zvino tinofanira sezvineiwo kubata navo. Mune US, rinoshandisa quantitative easing. The Fed ndiye anokonzera chiziviso uye kunhaka nzira iyi. Ngationei kuti unosanganisira chirongwa ichi chiri chinozoiswa uye ndedzipi pezvingazoitika.
Chii chiri purogiramu quantitative easing?
Saka akadana mari mutemo, izvo rinoshandiswa nechepakati mabhanga kuwedzera mari romugove nokuda nezvokukura reserves ezvokutengeserana zvemari masangano. Kune mhando nhatu uye vaviri mhando zvirongwa. Quantitative easing Muzviitiko izvi zvakasiyana ari kusvika uye kuramba nyaya simba. Naizvozvo, pane chinokosha musiyano uye Implementation mitemo. Kana isu kutaura pamusoro mhando zvirongwa, vasimba kana pusa. About mhando anogona kunzi, pane vatatu izvo kunzi QE 1, QE QE 2 uye nehurukuro 3. Ngatitaurei pamusoro pavo zvizere.
pusa mhando
Saka akadana mari mutemo, umo kubata nezvinetso, nechepakati mabhanga chomurume siyana zvirongwa zvainanga kuwedzera liquidity mari ino. Chii chinorehwa ichi mhando? Panyaya iyi, mari nemasangano hwakagara kodzero kushandisa kuna Central Bank pamwe zvikumbiro kuwedzera mari kuchikwama chenyu mukutsinhana kuchengetedzeka siyana, izvo kana ichi chiito sezvo rubatso. Kunyange kupa zvose izvi sangano nechepakati kutora chikamu maari anoshandiswa masangano private chete siyana.
rinoita mhando
Saka mutemo apo muripo unoitwa nokukurumidza akatenga ehurumende uye / kana ngozi kuchengetedzeka. Panyaya iyi, kuti mashandiro kungotaura kuwedzera mari nhoroondo. echibvumirano mhando iyi zvinotungamirira chokuti anowedzera kukura pachiyero, iro rine nechepakati bhengi. Kunowedzerawo chitsama reserves mari rive. Sezvo chimwe bhonasi, nechepakati mabhanga uyewo kuchengetera kodzero kubvisa kudzora muitiro kuchinja kukura usapinde guru. The chete chavakarambidzwa kuti anoita kuti Implementation purogiramu iyi mhando - ndicho chido, mano uye kukwanisa of Government toreva kudzivisa zvinogona varasikirwa.
Rudzi quantitative easing rokutanga
Nokuti rakapfupikiswa notation QE 1. Chinangwa Zviito izvi - kuponesa Makambani makuru, nemabhengi oga nemakambani. Taishandisa kudzikinurwa zvikwereti kuti vakaremara. Panguva mabasa purogiramu Federal Reserve System of USA atenga chikwereti uye zvimwe zvisungo kuti tarenda Nemutengo kwatiri - kuti 1,7 matiririyoni emadhora. Iye vatanga muna November 2008 panguva buildup ari pose zvoupfumi. Over - muna 2009. Sezvinoratidzwa dzinoshanda nemigumisiro, aiva "kuchirapa" Chaizvoizvo, uye nokukurumidza pashure kumira kwayo mugumisiro iri kushoma. Saka, purogiramu quantitative easing, kuti Fed akanga mberi pashure. Panguva iyoyo isu akasuma zvimwe zvachinja.
Rudzi quantitative easing chechipiri
Nokuti iye, zita rokuti QE 2. On ayo kanda pakaziviswa November 2, 2010. Zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti dai kufunga Treasury zvisungo. Vakatenga bhiriyoni $ 600 - Maitikiro acho kwakatora 8 months. Uyewo Hunoita kuti Federal Reserve System rakaitwa reinvestment wemurandakadzi rokutanga mhando chirongwa. Verengai uyu nyaya yairema US madhora mabhiriyoni 300. Gungano rapera muna June 2011. Chinangwa chikuru ichi mari mutemo kwaiva kuzadzisa Somugumisiro umo upfumi acharasikirwa aikanganiswa zvikwereti rweruzhinji uye kwakawedzera liquidity.
Chechitatu mhando quantitative easing
chirongwa ichi kwakatangwa September 13, 2012, akagamuchira kubva pakunzi QE 3. Monthly akadzikinura Treasury uye chikwereti zvisungo - munokosha $ 45, uye mabhiriyoni $ 40. Pakutanga kwaiva kwakarongwa kuti chirongwa achaita mashandiro nepedyo akawanda. Asi iye akanzi akavharwa October 29, 2014 chete. The Urongwa rakashandiswa serimwe huru yokuona of US upfumi.
Chii chiri purogiramu quantitative easing, uye chii zvinhu zvaiva mamiriro unyanzvi?
US Fed rwauya aine zita rakanaka. Asi chii chiri seri nayo? Apo mari vakabva kuzotenga zvisungo? Unogona kubvunza mibvunzo yakawanda kuti anofanira akapindura. Kutaura zvazviri, mumwe muitiro yainzi quantitative easing, rinozivikanwa voruzhinji nyaya mari. Asi ichi runoonekwa vanamazvikokota vakawanda kwakakomba zvisizvo simba rusununguko. Saka kana dzakayerera pakuparadzira tichigadzirisa chinokosha mari, inotungamirira kuti inflationary kuwedzera mitengo. Kutyora macroeconomic zvakanyatsoenzana, akaparadza incentives kuwedzera yauinayo. Eya, sezvinoita chinamatidzwa, unogona kutaura pamusoro kukura munzanga uye pfuma polarization kwenzanga. Inogona kuwanika chero bhuku iri dzezvoupfumi. Vadzidzi vanodzidza ezvoupfumi zvoupenyu paruzhinji, kudzidza nayo sezvo patafura chokuwanziridza. Uye chinhu ndechokuti chepurogiramu pasi neHurumende.
Saka, munyika dzakawanda ndiyo hurumende yasarudza kana kutsausa pasi muchina uye kuwedzera mari rive riri wechiGeorgian. MuUnited States muna December 1913 (makore kureva anopfuura 100 apfuura) kudzora muchina akapiwa kusvika pakukura private vokubhengi. mubatanidzwa wavo anonzi Federal Reserve System. Zvaidavirwa kuti private vatengesi vachakwanisa kurarama nayo nani. Zvino, ari quantitative easing chirongwa muna US inotongwa navo, pamwe chete hurumende chete kubvunza. Pakutanga, vokubhengi havashushi mikana. Asi munguva mwoyo zvikuru apfuura mutemo pamusoro rokumanikidzirwa kutorerwa anokosha nesimbi, nekuti zvose mari yaifanira inopiwa. Asi nemhaka kuchaitwa yegoridhe akaputsa pamwechete Bretton Woods wemuTesitamende 70-ies wekupedzisira remakore, zvinhu zvava anosiririsa.
Current chinzvimbo
Kubvira ipapo, nemari (kunyange nokukurumidza sezvaungagona muzvirongwa izvi) akawedzera. Yeuka zvakanyorwa ambotaurwa. Mumwe zvinangwa chirongwa chechipiri chaiva kuti upfumi kwakadaro kuti basa nokuwedzera mari rive. Uye zvikuru kunze. Quantitative easing muna US ine migumisiro yacho, nokuti, pasinei kuwedzera mari wedzerai, zvikuru chaihwo mugumisiro yose nyika akatevera. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti sayenzi zvoupfumi inokurudzirwa kuti anonyanya kushandisa chimbadzo chinoshandiswa kuti mari zvakachipa kana zvinodhura. Asi nokuda yakawanda mari gobvu wakachengetwa 0-0.25%. Saka, mari - gungwa, asi havazivi kushanda zvakaoma kukudziridza kugadzirwa kunosangana kudiwa nevanhu kuti chinhu. Kureva chimbadzo chokushandisa hachisisiri kuita basa rayo. Mari musika Kushanda anodonhedza, uye akaumba administrative chikwata nzira panyaya kugadzirwa nokuparadzirwa Banknotes. Muchiitiko chino, izvi zvose zvinobvira nokuti kuti mutemo "quantitative easing".
kupindira zvabuda
On Zvisinei okutambirwa refu kunobatsirawo,. Policy pamusoro quantitative easing inopa mhinduro kwenguva 3-6 mwedzi. Kunyanya munosimbiswa zvinobatsira kwenguva pfupi zvikuru. Saka, sezvo panotaurwa kwakadaro awedzere solvency chavagari, ari kunetesa currency (iyo ichaita kuti kubatsira exporters uye depreciation zvikwereti) uye zvimwe zvinobatsira. Asi zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti mutemo quantitative easing, kuti US achava chete pfupi macroeconomic anokonzerwa. Uyezve, zvinofungidzirwa achiperekedzwa cheka mu bhajeti mari uye yakakwirira nemitero pamwero (somuenzaniso, akagumisa nguva ukoshi yevateresi incentives akatanga muna 2008 munguva dambudziko, uye havana patsva). Uyewo, kana paine hurukuro pamusoro quantitative easing uye rinotaurwa kuti iri richakunda mitemo, tinofanira kuyeuka kuti pane vakundwa mune zviri munyika yanhasi. Naizvozvo, dzimwe nyika kutora dzimwe sarudzo kusvika US apore hariwanikwi panguva mari yavo. Zvino iyi, quantitative easing iri kurasikirwa kugona kwaro.
Saka, kutaura kuti zvose zvakanaka uye currency zvinofamba akananga ramangwana rakajeka, hazvisi zvakakodzera. Uyezve, kushandisa huchashandiswa ichi zvichibvira chero bedzi paine vanoda kutenga mari. Uye chii chinoitika kana vanomhanya kunze? Pachange pasina munhu anogona kana achada kutenga kwavari? Muchiitiko chino, tinogona kutaura zvinenge pamusoro chinokosha mitengo - iri dambudziko, achigere kuona nyika yedu.