R-500 - mukuru-zvakarurama zvinoita zvokukandwa uye subsonic. Russian rwendo chombo anosvikirwa-siyana

Muna 2011, tiri kushandisa idzva mamiriro zvombo zvehondo purogiramu 2011-2020 (nguva yaro Implementation chokuita zvoupfumi chinowanzoitika kwenguva). Chirongwa rinoitwa hombe-pamwero apiwa zvokushandisa, mazuvaano pamusoro yaivapo zvombo. Not yokupedzisira basa reDare chitundumuseremusere muna Armed Forces yeRussian retooling.

Yokusimbisa zvombo Armed Forces

Mukupera 2014, Mukuru mukuru General Staff Valery Gerasimov akapfupikisa migumisiro mazuvaano wehondo mumakore gore. Sezvo chikamu chombo zvokushandisa, akaona kuti Russia akagashira matatu namasere intercontinental ballistic zvombo. Air kudzivirira regiments vakanga vaisanganisa ne ano mhepo kudzivirira Kazakhstan. Zvikwata zviviri rearmed kuti "Iskander-M".

Akataurawo pamusoro nerubatsiro zvikepe zvokushandisa, zvinoti munhu yepasi pemvura, "Novorossiysk" yepasi pemvura ne rwendo zvombo "Severodvinsk" duku chombo ngarava "Uglich" uye "Grad Sviyazhsk". Uyewo, nani maitiro kuti anonyevera chombo kurwiswa.

Sei "Iskander"

On the "Iskander" kutanga vakadzidza pa "MAKS-99" Air Show muna Zhukovsky, Moscow nharaunda. Sergei Ivanov, uyo panguva iyoyo wokuRussia Defence Minister, akati kuti chombo chinoita zvokukandwa hurongwa kuchaita kutengwa, kutanga muna 2005.

The mugadzi kuti "Iskander" chombo mamiriro akanga 9K714 "Oka", kwakatanga achitungamirirwa akagadzira chete chinangwa zita SP Asingakundiki. Zvisinei, zvaitika "Oka", aiva abysmal.

Muna 1987, Mutungamiri USSR uye US Gorbachev uye Reagan akasaina Treaty pamusoro zvibviswe nganisa uye svikiro-siyana zvombo. Race Continental mhando Nuclear Weapons yave dzakavharwa, asi nekuda nezviito utungamiri Soviet zvakakosha kuti nyika kuzvidzivirira kugona zvombo hurongwa vauya pasi kurambidzwa. "Oka" yakatanga pachikwata akarongwa uye vari pasi kuparadzwa. Muna 1989, chombo launchers mazana maviri namakumi rimwe namakumi maviri zvakaparadzwa.

"Iskanderovskaya" chemaneka

Students asingakundiki akakwanisa ndimutsidzire zvakaoma, yainzi "Iskander" (zvinoreva mushandurudzo kubva wechiTatar "mukundi"). The idzva, Chokwadi, ane yakanakisisa waivako unhu hama kuti nowakautangira. Zvisinei, zvose pfungwa yepakutanga ari "Oka", zvakapfuurira uye ava "Iskander".

In ezvinhu yokunyanyisa kufara akasuma Western enyika vepamusoro panotaurwa placement kuRussia, muna Kaliningrad, reshanu November 2008, "Iskander". Kukuchidzira Izvi zvakanga zvakafanana zvavari kuona panguva kutaurwa reSiriya zvemakemikari kana Iranian zvombo zvenyukireya. Sezvo P-500 chombo "Iskander" akanga kudhakwa, NATO uye United States mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kana kuramba tichishanda gakava yaiva nguva kupedzisa.

Asi kubva kwakadai sei? Chii chanetsa? Asi chokwadi chokuti svikiro-siyana zvinoita zvokukandwa yakaoma "Iskander" vari kushanda imperceptible. Izvi imhaka zvinoverengeka. Somuenzaniso:

• A rwendo chombo anokwanisa kugadzirisa pamwe rinoshamisa kuzara, izvo nhasi havagoni kusvika kana chimwe chombo interceptor munyika.
• Kunyange kana wambotaurwa pfungwa yaizova zvinogoneka ipapo kuona kwayo mureza radar zvinoreva musoro.
• "Iskander" anokwanisa kukanda huru zvakananga kunyengedza muvengi, uye kuti asimbise redhiyo chipingaidzo uye jamming ose emitters nezvatinovavarira mukati chombo kudzivirira hurongwa.

Saka, chero chinhu riri chinhambwe makiromita mazana mashanu inogona kuparadzwa kunzwisisa "Iskander" anenge zana rimwe muzana.
Operational uye tactical Kazakhstan ane marudzi matatu: "Iskander-E", "Iskander-M" uye "Iskander-K."

"Iskander-E"

gadziriro iri rakagadzirirwa zvakananga kuti ekisipoti. chikuru zvachiri ndeinotevera: Range - maviri namakumi masere makiromita ari uremu chikuru chikamu mana namakumi masere makirogiramu; ndege havukavu - 2100 m / chik.
The sezvamunoita chombo Hurongwa kunosanganisira chimwe-padanho chitundumuseremusere launcher kuzvidzora propelled Unit, murayiro mumhanyi uye mitoro-vachizvitakudza motokari, mobile dzaishandiswa achigadzirira mashoko, mobile dzakabatana kuti zvinopa hwokugadzira uye mudzimba zvirongwa ARSENALNY uye kudzidzisa Kits.

"Iskander-M"

Shanduro iyi "Iskander" Kazhinji kuomera Russian mumhuri kushandiswa. "Iskander-E" - ekisipoti shanduro yakazokudziridzwa yawo hwaro.

"Iskander-M" - kwete saka kuoneka achienzaniswa rapfuura rinoshamisa, uye vaikwanisa nani zvose pakutanga uye panguva yokupedzisira padanho kutiza. Its nhungamiro hurongwa pamwe Manyiminya uye Laser homing, redhiyo kururamiswa uye GPS.

P-500 chitundumuseremusere

Ivo anoshandiswa chombo yakaoma "Iskander-M". A dzakabudirira rwendo zvombo P-500 kubva 1998.

zvombo izvi nokuyera mazana mana namakumi masere makirogiramu, vari chinhambwe makiromita mazana mashanu ane nendege nguva maminitsi makumi maviri nezvina, pane imwe kumhanya vaviri nemakumi matatu kusvika mazana maviri namakumi matanhatu makiromita por wechipiri. Kunyange pakutanga zvarakanyorerwa rwendo chombo "Iskander-M" zvakazova dzakashandisa gare gare vakava "Iskander". Miedzo wekutanga hwakavandudzwa kunzwisisa kwakaitika panguva Kapustin Yar muna 2007. Pane chombo P-500 akaratidza zvose hukuru hwavo unongotaura.

chombo kuzvidzora hurongwa anowanzovimbwa kwakavakirwa Achishandisa GPS uye digital kombiyuta. GAC haina kuparadzaniswa. Start hurongwa unoshanda pavanoparidza kuongorora zvinhu nemasaisai hurongwa. Sighting date iri kwaita akapindawo zvombo kuti vari chinjikira nzvimbo mukati STC. Kupinda date ndiko kutsanya uye anogona kugadziriswa risati ratanga.

"Pasi-Earth"

Kirasi "pasi-kuti-pasi" zvombo - chitundumuseremusere, vakashandisa kuti varove huru panyika uye kumhanya pamwe chete nenyika. Zita iri, pamwe nokushandiswa rokuti "pamusoro-kuti-mhepo" uye zvichingodaro. D. inoshanda chete Russia, uye kare rakashandiswa muSoviet Union. Saka, maererano Russian mazwi, kuti R-500 "Iskander" zvombo ndivo "pasi-pasi,". Mune dzimwe nyika dzinonzi nyore tactical kana operative-tactical.

"Iskander-K"

More yemhando shanduro "Iskander-M" yakazokudziridzwa muna 2012. Rainzi "Iskander-K." Its svikiro Range chombo akashongedzerwa sezvo R-37, akatakura hukawanika. Saka, zvinokwanisika here nokukurumidza uye zvakarurama kamwe sandara trajectory. P-500 chombo inogona kubhururuka ari kukwirira mamita matanhatu. Kubatanidzwa yake gos uye yokutsiva warhead. The kunzwisisa inogona kuisa zvombo maviri siyana vanonangwa pamwe yokumbozorora kuti miniti imwe.

Tikafunga "Iskander"

Maererano nenyanzvi zvechiuto, kana mawa kushandisa "Iskander-M" uye "Iskander-K", tora munhu synergistic zvazviri, zvisina kukwanisa uderedze mumwe Anti-chombo enyika. Kana zvikuru maneuverable hypersonic kumhanya dzemakomo pamusoro "Iskander" zvakafanana mhando uye vane unhu, asi uchibhururuka on-mita matanhatu mukuru "Iskander" imwe mhando achatumirwa chinangwa chete, zvichaita kutsikwa pamwe chemhando mukana.

Placement "Iskander"

US pakarepo vakateerera zvose kukurukura migero, achangogara Russia akaisa "Iskander" wemuTesitamende Kaliningrad nharaunda, kumugombedzera haana yacho mamiriro ezvinhu Europe. Poland uye Latvia vave akataurawo zvavanotyira pamusoro nyaya iyi, richiti zviito zvakadaro, vanoti, haanamati nechido pedyo nekuita pamwe NATO uye European Union. Interesting uye maitiro Azerbaijan pashure Armenia, zvombo izvi zvakaiswa. All zvokurwa zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe, vakatora nzvimbo kusvika panguva iyoyo noruoko rwake, pakarepo akamira.

Muzhizha ra2014, mushure annexation pamusoro Crimea kuRussia, purezidhendi rakabvuma placement zvivako muCrimea. Cruise zvombo P-500 "Iskander" kunzwisisa vaisagona kuramba hanya Europe uye United States. Uye mhinduro dzavo akanga kare wajaira ruzha uye dzinoronga. Zvechokwadi, kuti chidzoke yakadaro chombo muedzo muGungwa Dema rave akanyatsosiyana achinja pakuenzanisa simba pamwe NATO.

Purezidhendi Russia anogamuchira kutsoropodza kuti sarudzo wakadaro yokutsoropodza. uye manomano. It inonzi anopa Russia mukana kuti pedyo NATO zvigadziko.

Bvuma "Iskander" NATO chinhu. Nokudaro nechisimba maitiro West kusvika redeployment pakati zvivako Russian mukati nenyika yaro. Zvisinei, makore gumi akapfuura zvainzi kuti "Iskander" chombo mamiriro achange muAtlantic kupindura NATO mhepo kudzivirira uye chombo kuzvidzivirira gadziriro pedyo nemiganhu Russian. Uye zvakaitika. Most kusingafadzi zvaaida NATO waiva mukana kaviri nokugaramo "Iskander": iri Kaliningrad nharaunda uye Crimea.