Raphael anoshanda: list, mapikicha

Rafael Santi, mukuru Italian painter, hwakajeka yokudhirowa, mapurani, muteveri chikoro Umbrian kuti kupenda, akaberekwa March 28, 1483 mu Urbino. Mukomana akanga namakore masere mai vake vakafa, uye makore matatu gare gare akarasikirwa baba vake. Giovanni Santi aiva rokupenda, uye rufu rwake nguva pfupi asati aifanira kusuma mwanakomana wake zvinokosha kupenda.

Kutanga okugadzira zvinhu

Mabasa Raphael rokutanga yomusi 1496 gore, apo seinäkartta yakanga vakarondedzera "Madonna uye Child", iro nhasi iri yake imba-miziyamu. Pakati pemabasa mangwanani nguva kuonekwa se "Mutsvene mureza noMutsvene Utatu" (1499), atari kupenda "The Coronation St. Nicholas Tolentino," zvakanyorwa kuti kereke S. Agostino iri kumucheto Städte von Castello. mabasa vekare Raphael akasiyana werudzii nechokwadi, asi zvakadaro akatarira kufanana mufananidzo iwayo akura Artist.

kudzidza

Muna 1501, kuti painter Santi akapinda dzidziso yakakurumbira rokupenda Petro Perudzhino. Basa mumusangano kuti mukuru chipangamazano kwave chaizvo kubatsira Raphael. Kuwedzera ake pana Perugino kwaisanganisira vadzidzi vanoverengeka. All mabasa Raphael kuti nguva yakanyorwa manyorero mudzidzisi. Zvisinei, Petro Perudzhino vakaomerera kuti mudzidzi wake kupfuura chipo vachishuva kuti kuwana kupenda rake nenzira.

Style rako akazviratidza muduku Artist gare gare, pakazopera nguva yokudzidza mumisangano yatenzi. Vamwe mabasa Raphael, mifananidzo, yokunyora nokudhirowa, yokunyora nokudhirowa, akava chipangamazano kusiyana nezvinhu kubva kubasa. Pietro akaedza kuvaka pamusoro kubudirira mudzidzi wake.

Zvinorayirwa yokutanga

Rafael Santi, basa rake, unyanzvi uye tarenda vakatsva kuzivikanwa muruwa, akanga anzwa nezvazvo dzakanga kuhondo vafundisi, uye painter vakagamuchira mari zvirevo zvakawanda kuti kupenda kereke Perugia uye Städte von Castello. Izvi zvakandibatsira zvikuru, ive vanoda Artist akararama akapfuma upenyu uye aida mari.

Muna 1501, munyika mabasa Raphael Madonna yakanga yake yokutanga akawedzera, kuti kupenda "Madonna Solly." The dandemutande iri chaizvoizvo achafema Ecclesiastical nokubwinya. Mune ramangwana, yokudhirowa achasika Madonnas vashoma kupfuura mhirikiro siyana. nyaya iyi zvichakurukurwa anoteverwa painter muupenyu hwake hupfupi.

dingindira chechi

Rafael Santi, mabasa akakurumbira akanga ari dingindira wechitendero, asi dzaiwanzorerekera nyaya ariko zvavo, uye vakaedza andobata mune mifananidzo ake mifananidzo kubva muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Zvisinei, nokufamba kwenguva Chechi yacho ikavamedza unyanzvi rokupenda, akaona kuti aikwanisa kushandisa unyanzvi hwake ndiyo yakanakisisa nzira mumatemberi.

Saka, pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi16, ivo zvakasikwa ounyanzvi dzakadai "Coronation" uye "Vimbiso waMariya". Zvose Mifananidzo zvakanyorwa 1504 uye akanga achida nearitari. Munguva imwe chete Rafael anosika "Portrait of Pietro Bembo", "Saint George wake pakurwa nedhiragoni," "Madonna Conestabile".

Michelangelo nevamwe

Muna December 1504 Rafael Santi anoenda Florence. Ikoko, akasangana Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Bartolomeo Port. Style pamusoro Michelangelo uye Da Vinci akafemerwa Raphael uye anotanga kudzidza werudzii wavo kudhirowa, uye nokuda zvijeke, richiita makopi zvezvidimbu emifananidzo nokuda vemifananidzo kukuru. Cloth da Vinci "Leda uye Swan" Santi rubbings oga anenge zvachose. With mufananidzo Michelangelo kuti "Saint Matthew", anoita zvakafanana. Vose tenzi zvakanaka kuti kuedza muduku Artist. Uye akasarudza kubata kure sezvinobvira mu unyanzvi kupenda pamwechete Florentine mhizha.

zvirevo zvitsva

Unorudzi Santi rokutanga vakagamuchira pashure pakasvika Anolo Doni huru, kuti asike Portraits nezvake uye wake. Pamufananidzo pamwe mufananidzo anokudzwa vakadzi rinonyatsoratidza vasisanetswi Leonardo yake "Mona Lisa." Portrait of the artist rinonzi "Doni Tondo".

Pavakapedza sezvakarayirwa Signor Agnolo, Rafael anotanga kunyora atari mifananidzo "The Lady pamwe Unicorn", "The zvinomboitika pabhokisi", "Madonna paakagadzwa pamwe Nicola kubva Bari naJohani Mubhabhatidzi." Artist kuti kukurumbira inokura, anonyora chaizvo mifananidzo yevatsvene, pakati pavo "Holy Ekaterina Aleksandriyskaya" (1507), "The Holy Family" (1508), "Saint Elizabeth naJohane mubhabhatidzi" (1509), "Madonna uye Joseph beardless" ( 1509).

Musoro nemabasa Raphael

Sezvakaitika Florence, Santee akanyora anopfuura makumi maviri Madonnas. Plots vaiva chete; kana mwana mumaoko ayo, uye dzaanoridza pedyo Ioanna Krestitelya, rinova kazhinji anofananidzirwa pamufananidzo. Madonna All vanotaurwa muna pamatende nechisimbiso kumeso rwaamai hanya. Pakati pavo mifananidzo nguva dzibude: "Madonna Del Granduca" (1505), "Madonna Terranuova" (1505), "Madonna pasi nedenga" (1506), "Madonna of pinks" (1506), "Madonna of Goldfinch" ( 1506), "La Belle Jardinière" (1508).

Vatican

Pakupera 1509 Raphael akaenda kuRoma, kwaachanomira kurarama kusvikira parufu rwake. Kubatsira Donato Bramante Santi akava dare painter kuna yemisangano dzokugara. Akanga akaronzesa kupenda Pamifananidzo edzimba zvina yamambo, vanonzi "chiteshi". Rafael anosarudza Misoro anoratidza rakasiyana-siyana zvedzidzo basa vanhu: uzivi, nhetembo, dzidziso uye jurisprudence. In nechimwe wamakamuri painter anoisa Pamifananidzo maererano pamuviri urongwa. Raphael Stanzas vanonzi "Ruramisiro", "Gakava", "Parnassus" uye "Chikoro veAtene."

hwose basa

Chinonyanya kukosha Paaidzidzisa pamusoro painter ichaongororwa nyika yakakurumbira "Sistine Madonna", akasikwa 1513. Raphael akapendwa basa neChechi St. Sixtus muna nePiacenza. Ichi chinhu chinopa musimboti zvikuru oumhizha, zvinokanganisawo yaigona interplay mitsara, zvose akaisa kuna saonekwa mutinhimira zvinoenderana rwomukati. The kanivhasi yakakura, asi meso dziripo dzose dzakanaka mashoko.

"The Triumph pamusoro Galatea"

A anozivikanwa philanthropist uye vaichengetedza pakati hwemashiripiti, rokuItari Augustino Chigi akakoka Raphael Pamifananidzo shongedza ake Suburban Villa pamahombekombe ari Tiber. Aanoda yakapiwa panguva iyoyo nyaya kubva mungano akare. Saka paiva Paaidzidzisa, "The Triumph kuti Galatea". On the seinäkartta unoratidza muprofita uye Sibyl. The kupenda ichaongororwa imwe yakanakisisa mabasa the artist.

Madonna

Rafael Santi, ane mukurumbira zvikuru mabasa - zviri pachena "Madonna", dzakapendwa mune imwe mweya. Holy Mariya Child, nyaya yaishandiswa by the artist kakawanda. Dzimwe nguva akawedzera Ioanna Krestitelya, iyo organically chokuita mufananidzo huru. Total "Madonna" by Raphael - anopfuura makumi mana mifananidzo vaya vari mumamiziyamu. Zviri muunganidzwa zviri kuratidza - yakanakisisa mifananidzo yose Artist kukuru uku sezvo Rafael Santi. Works, izvo dziri pazasi - ndiye Madonna ichifananidzwa painter vose ake upenyu pfupi asi zvibereko.

• "The Sistine Madonna" - (1513-1514), unyanzvi maberere muna kuDresden.
• "Solly Madonna" (1500-1504), Gemäldegalerie.
• "Diotalevi Madonna" (1504), iro Bode Museum muBerlin.
• "Madonna Del Granduca" (1504), Florence, Palazzo Pitti.
• "Mhandara Orleans" (1506), Conde Museum, France.
• "The Holy Family ne pomuchindwe" (1506), National Gallery of kuScotland, Edinburgh.
• "Madonna Del Prato" (1506), History Art Museum, Vienna.
• "Madonna of Goldfinch" (1506), Uffizi Gallery, Florence.
• "La Belle Jardinière" (1507), The Louvre, Paris.
• "Niccolini-Cowper Madonna" (1508), National Gallery of Art, Washington.
• "Madonna pamusoro Foligno" (1511-1512), Vatican City.
• "The Holy Family pasi pomuti" (1518), iro Museo Del Prado, Madrid.
• "Madonna rwaMwari" (1518), National Museum, Naples.
• "Esterhazy Madonna" (1508), Museum of Arts Akanaka, Budapest.

mamwe mabasa ose Raphael, vane mufananidzo ari pamabhuku inopedzerwa basa rake kunogona kuwanikwa evoruzhinji uye Directories pamusoro unyanzvi kupenda.
Munguva kubvira 1513 Mumakore 1516 Rafael Santi kwave mumwe papa murayiro, zvichiita yokunyora nokudhirowa kuti machira nokuti Sistine Chapel ndivo chete gumi. Yakasvika isu vanomwe chete nenhamba. Ipapo Rafael pamwe vadzidzi kupendwa balconies, izvo tisangoti muchivanze Vatican. All mashanu navaviri Pamifananidzo pamusoro huru dzemuBhaibheri misoro zvakaitwa.

mbiru itsva

In March 1514 Donato Bramante akafa, uye Baba akapa St. Petro Basilica pasi kuvakwa pakutanga Raphael. Kwapera gore, yokudhirowa anogamuchira romukova Vatican Antiquities muchengeti. Muna 1515, kuti Vatican akashanyira yakakurumbira Albrecht Dürer, ane zvinyorwa vakanga vatova wakasika furore munyika. Akazove nokusangana Rafael, uye kubva ipapo vaviri vari kuedza kuva okusika vaaisangana, vabatsirike Germany uye Italy vari pedyo.

kuguma

Last kufa chigadzirwa Raphael - ndiye "Nokuchinja," akanyorwa mumakore 1518-1520. Yokumusoro Chikamu kanivhasi yakapiwa emubhaibheri nyaya chishamiso chitarisiko Kristu, pamberi James, Petro naJohani. In rezasi chikamu pane vaapostora uye nemafungu mwana. Rafael haana kupedzisa mufananidzo, yava akawedzera rufu tenzi rokupenda Giulio Romano.

Womufananidzo huru vafa April 1520 aine makore 37 kubva nemavhairasi fivha. Iye akavigwa Pantheon.