Ndezvipi hydroponic hurongwa? Description huru mhando hydroponic gadziriro. Hydroponics maitiro nemaoko avo pachavo

Kukura yakachena zvibereko - rinobatsirawo kwete chete, asiwo chiitiko mari. Nokuti ano madhorobha zvakatipoteredza zvakaoma kufungidzira tsika nyika kushandiswa. Kakawanda iri girinihausi kurima. Uyezve, nyika miriwo, miriwo, maruva nezvimwe yakachena zvibereko hakuzi mufashoni. Zvose zvinozivikanwa hydroponic gadziriro.

zvinhu pfungwa

Saka, chii chaizvoizvo hydroponics? Achitaura kuumba mashoko, tinoona Greek "mvura" uye "basa". Sezvairi, zvinoitika - "basa mvura". Kutaura zvazviri, mvura yakachena haina kushandiswa. Zviri pamusoro aqueous mhinduro vane muviri. A hydroponic maitiro - ichi chinhu artificially akasika zvinhu nekuda kurima yakasvibirira zvigadzirwa zvachose pasina ivhu. Dzimwe nguva pane dzakananga substrate ndechokuti hazvina. Zvichienderana ichi, kudoma marudzi vakawanda hurongwa kuti hydroponics.

Pasi substrate kunzwisisa fuma kana zvinhu umo midzi kukura zvinomera. The substrate mu hydroponics zvishoma anodzivisa Pachivanhu wenyika. Izvi zvingava jecha, peat, kuwedzerwa nevhu, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko - kunyange chete mhepo. Zvinowanzoshandiswa chicherwa shinda nokuda hydroponic gadziriro. Musiyano mukuru pakati substrate kubva pasi kuti haina kufudza zvinomera, asi anoshanda chete senhungamiro nokuda chikafu mhinduro.

Tsanangudzo zvinokosha, unogona kudzidza hydroponic gadziriro vari "zvisaririra zvinhu" uye "pamwero ph». Micronutrients - chii chinodiwa mumwe muti pane mumwe maererano. Padanho rimwe nerimwe kukura yakatarwa wenyu zvisaririra zvinhu zvaidiwa chirimwa chimwe nechimwe. A ph pamwero acidity achibvumira kutsanangura kusika zvakakodzera kuti kukura uye muviri ezvinhu.

zvinokosha zvakwakanakira

Hydroponic hurongwa vane uwandu zvakanakira pamusoro kwakajairika nzira dzokurima miitiro, yakadai se:

1. The chamazuva pakukura. Nokuda dzose zvokudya, zvinomera kuva pasina kuvhiringidzwa. Hapangavi kwemvura kana kuchinaya mazuva. kukura ezvinhu zviri kuramba pagungano optimum pamwero uye zvakanaka.
2. Nokukurumidza kubudirira uye kuibvisa. Sezvo simba riri yaipiwa panzvimbo chinoramba rudzi, uye zvakare anofunga kukura kutenderera, zvinomera kunyatsoonekwa kwakawedzera kumhanya. Uye kana zvakasikwa pane mitemo yakawanda (nokuti kuwanda jeka mazuva pamusoro zvokudya, pamusoro acidity ari neChikomonisiti), mu hydroponics anenge hapana. Uye chirimwa hukuru vari shoma chete nemitemo vakaisa pasi majini.
3. Kugona kuronga. The dzinotsanagura kukura uye kuibvisa anogona overenga uye kufanotaura zvinoshamisa zvakarurama.

A-siyana marudzi hydroponics

Akapiwa zvakasiyana-siyana izvo waidzora dzinotsanagura chirimwa kukura mune hydroponics, kune vazhinji hurongwa uye unyanzvi. Kazhinji, pane nzvimbo huru nhanhatu, pakati pavo "pusa" uye "zvinoshingaira".

The nyore - tambo. The mudzi hwaro - shoko "tambo". gadziriro iyi inobva nerubatsiro inotonhorera mhinduro achishandisa tambo dzaisveta. Kana kupfeka uyu ari oga mumudziyo uye zvokudya nemidzi zvinomera nomuviri nzira iri maererano rirambe richibvira maturo. nzira Iri romugove ndiwo nyore uye yakachipa pashiri. ino ndiyo "pusa", iri kumhanya pamusoro wayo. Mumwe inoda chete kuongorora ufanane inotonhorera mhinduro iri tangi uye zvose.

donhwe kudiridza

The uchishandisa musimboti riri pedyo wicking hurongwa, chete zvokudya vakasamushumira roga, asi simba donhwe kudiridza. Nokuti chinangwa ichi panewo mudziyo chemhinduro uye chubhu unobva pombi pamwe miti. Nokuti nokudzora kuerera pane nyore timer. Pane dzakasiyana maviri donhwe kudiridza:

• Reversible mhando, kureva simba mhinduro rinoshandiswa kakawanda. Zvazviri, zviri chinozoiswa nokuda singi kubva tireyi pamwe nezvinomera kunyika mugaba pamwe kupfeka. musimboti ichi, kune rumwe rutivi, ndizvo isingadyi mari yakawanda, Ukuwo - inoda zvakawanda kuzvidzora nokuda nokuchinja ph chakarurama.
• Kwete reversible mhando. Panyaya iyi, iyo inotonhorera mhinduro nomunyika substrate nokudyisa chirimwa midzi, fused zvechigarire. Zvinoda nguva shoma asi chinodhura.

Hydroponics nenguva dzirikure mafashamo

Kurimwa munyika hydroponic gadziriro ino mhando ndiyo chokuendesa inotonhorera mhinduro kubva miti kusvikira substrate pa zvikamu zvakafanorongwa timer. Feed pombi zvicherwa yakabereka, uye pashure kugumiswa inosimbisa inotoda vakapedzwa shure uye ipapo riri zvishandiswezve. Mune nguva pakati kupinza pamusoro midzi miti sezvingatarisirwa aerated, yakazara oxygen. Pakati zvinokanganiswa nzira dzakadaro dzinofanira kucherechedzwa kuvimba pombi, uye nokudaro ari magetsi. Pashure pezvose, kana nguva hakuiti kuti simba romugove, midzi chete nokuomesa. ainge ichi chinobata zvose zvinoshingaira hydroponic hurongwa.

Classical Tsika inotonhorera rukoko

A nzira iri hydroponic inotonhorera rukoko kwakapararira. Pano, kusiyana rapfuura shanduro, haafaniri kuva timer. Zvinovaka mvura runoyerera napakati substrate kuti zvinomera chinoramba rukova. Kunoda acidity pamwero chakarurama kudzora ph, sezvo inotoda raishandiswa denderedzwa.

Plants akura uyu nenzira varikukura yokutsanya chaizvo, asi ivo vava "munyoro". Panguva chiitiko ane kupfeka nokukurumidza muchatadzireiko uye afe. vari kudzivisa zvisingafadzi nyaya akakumbira nomutsa kupinda negadziriro yeparutivi kunobva magetsi. Chinhu chinobatsira kushandisa substrate, kuunganidza ane unyoro uye kunovaka muviri, akadai yemikokonati fibers.

Water Culture

Nzira yakakodzera kurimwa mvura-rudo zvirimwa. Nokuti pano midzi zvinomera anowanikwa dzose nguva iri mvura. Zvinoita chakafanana ichifamba chikuva iri inotonhorera mhinduro yacho furo, iyo wanamatira chirimwa. The hurongwa zvakare "kushingaira", pombi inoshandiswa nokuda aeration. Kuti aratidze, unogona kuchinja yekare akwariyamu nyore. Pakati zvikanganiso akaona vashoma yemiti kuti zvingaonekwa akura nenzira iyi.

aeroponics

The chete nzira hydroponics, apo substrate iri mhepo. Power wedzerai chinoitwa kuti midzi mvura mhute miti. The zvirimwa pachavo vari wakaiswa pane pamwero pachiso uye vosiya akarembera mudenga. Aeroponics zvinoda kungwarira kukarukureta uye yepamusoro michina. Kana simba kutadza kana kukundikana chero midziyo zvirimwa vari pangozi yokuva.

Zvinhu zvakanaka nzira iri mukana pakusika munhu zvakazara zvoga hurongwa. Uye mhepo iri chaizvo zvishoma chirimwa kusvibiswa, izvo zvinogona kuitika mune substrate. Aeroponics kuenzanisa nevamwe gadziriro, cherechedza mari zvikuru kushandiswa kwemvura. Uyezve, imwe aeration simba rinokurudzira mangwanani kukura uye kuibvisa zvinomera.

Hydroponics ari indasitiri

Industrial hydroponic hurongwa vari zvinowanzoshandiswa mumadhorobha dzoga, uyewo munzvimbo isina mukana kushandisa ivhu. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti, kana tichienzanisa mureza hydroponic kurima anogona kuzadzisa 20-nedanga kuwedzera mukurima. Hongu, kana ukamhanya zvichidhura gadziriro achava zvakakwana. Panguva iyoyowo kuramba hydroponic kurima kunoda unyanzvi hwakasiyana ruzivo, pasina iyo yakajeka uye exuberant hanyanisi unogona kukurumidza kuuya yakapararawo. Zvisinei, zvose zvazvakaipira zvaipfuura zvakanaka zvinhu:

• yakakwirira Goho pfupi;
• upfumi mari;
• kusavapo nezvirwere nemasora;
• Minimum nhamba vashandi.

Somuenzaniso, kudiwa matsva miriwo kudaro kumusoro US, pasinei kuvapo pachavo mapurazi avo, zvigadzirwa vari yabva dzakavakidzana Mexico uye Canada. Panguva iyoyowo maindasitiri hydroponic mumapurazi yepasisa nharaunda 25 hectares. Panewo nomumwe private mapurazi, izvo kwakavakirwa zvikuru mwero nzvimbo 0.5 hectares.

Hydroponics kumba

Pari musha hydroponic gadziriro kuwedzera kukurumbira. Uye Kunokwezva mukana kumba nokukurumidza kukura utano zvigadzirwa. Zvinonzwisiswa kuti hydroponics haagoni kutsiva pachedu rangano, izvo zvinopa yakawanda ndiwo kugutsikana tsika, kwete kunze muchimiro zvibereko. Kuti kutanga kukura zvinomera kumba, pane nzira zviviri: kana kutenga akagadzirira-akaita midziyo kuita zvose pachako. Hydroponic ezvinhu, akasikwa nemaoko avo - akapararira chakajairika, asi unotambudza.

Panyaya kubika michina chimwe chinhu. Muchiitiko chino, tinogona chete gadza nayo nzvimbo yakakodzera, gadzirira mhinduro nokuda hydroponic maitiro uye run. Kana anozvipira kugadzirwa kunokosha kugadzirira zvose zvinhu zvavo pachavo. Chii chichaitika kutora? Kakawanda iri:

• mudziyo nokuti inotonhorera mhinduro pa mwero anenge 3 litres por chirimwa;
• pombi (dzakakodzera akwariyamu simba nyore zvechokwadi);
• kuumba zvinomera;
• mumwe substrate;
• akaisa pamusoro hoses.

Chero mapurasitiki anogona kushandiswa senzvimbo kavha mugaba. Kana kuronga guru gadziriro zvakakodzera kumisa akawanda mumidziyo kusvika 50 litres, pane imwe huru imwe. Kavha kunofanira opaque (kudzivirira maruva mhinduro). Kana ichi hachisi pedyo, rubatsiro achauya ruvara. Plants nyore yakasimbiswa muhari kuti mizambiringa yakabva kumwe. To mhinduro iyi iri midziyo pamwe machine psac maburi pamwe netarisiro kuti pashure kugadzira richi- kura mbesa pakati nechepasi uye mhinduro akaramba mhepo.

Kamwe zvose kugadzirira zvakaitwa, vakaungana. Mizambiringa yakabva kumwe riri mune midziyo pamwe substrate, izvo, akavapindurawo, vari wakaiswa mune inotonhorera mhinduro mutangi. Kushandisa hoses chakasimbiswa dzichikurukura pakati pombi uye mugaba. Mumwe mutsetse anoenda zvokudya mumwe, vanonzi "tangi mutsetse" - kubudisa. The mudziyo umo zvokudya kushumirwa inofanira kurongwa pamwe pamateru dzinongoitika abudise uye kufamba kweropa zvizere chicherwa zvinoumba mumushonga.

A zvishoma wekemisitiri

Nokuti yakarurama uye kunyatsogadzikana nechimwe chirimwa zvinokosha zvakadai phosphorus, potassium, senitrogen, calcium, magnesium nesarufa. In rakawandisa duku apere manganese, simbi, zingi, molybdenum, Boron, kuiisa chlorine uye mhangura. Yeuka kuti fetiraiza nokuda hydroponic enyika nemaoko avo vakaitwa yakasimba zvikuru. Hazvina fanira pashure kubika vanofanira kuona ph kukosha mhinduro.

The kutituma ari hydroponic inotonhorera mhinduro inofanira kuonekwa. On sei kuti zvakakodzera wasarudza wemishonga zvose zvinokosha zvisaririra okunze, kuchaenderana zvinenge zvose. Nokuti marudzi zvakadaro mubatanidzwa zvinhu zvakasiyana. Uyezve, mune dzimwe nguva kukura kunoda yakati incremental nekukura zvinoriumba.

Nutrient zvingaitwa mune hydroponics

Pane nzira mbiri. In wokutanga chete vakatenga kodzero akagadzirwa zvisaririra zvinhu uye fetiraiza nokuda hydroponic hurongwa, uye zvose rakasanganiswa zviri pamwero yakaratidza. Mvura inokurudzirwa kutora bandauko kana kwakadonhera. At yako hatiripe unogona kutora zvake akagadzirisa pombi. Zvadaro nyore kudzora murwiyo shanduko, wedzera, uye dzimwe nguva gare gare - kutsiviwa. pfungwa iyi zviri nyore chaizvo, asi zvinokosha mumwe mari.

Mune imwe nyaya, unogona kugadzira kuitwa hydroponic maitiro nemaoko avo. Pakati vakagadzirira akagadzirwa Recipes, unogona kusarudza zviviri zvaunogona kuti vari yakakodzera nokuti mifananidzo yakasiyana zvinomera.

1. A mhinduro zvinomera uye Deciduous kunonoka kukura: 2 spoon potassium phosphate, 2,5 - potassium nitrate, 4,5 - karusiyamu nitrate uye 4 - magnesium sulfate zvazvichanyungudutswa 40 litres mvura. To ichi mhinduro chakawedzerwa zvazvichanyungudutswa 1 fő mvura 1.25 yetea pamusoro boric acid, 1/10 yetea manganese chloride. Wokupedzisira zvinoriumba iri akawedzera 4/5 yetea chelate simbi muna 1,6 litres mvura.
2. Solution yaikura muriwo uye chiedza rudo: 2 spoon potassium phosphate, 4 - potassium nitrate, 4,5 - karusiyamu nitrate uye 4 - magnesium sulfate muna 40 litres mvura. Ipapo zvingaitwa maviri anowedzerwa pamwe boric acid, manganese chloride uye chelate simbi zvatsanangurwa pamusoro.

mhedziso

Hydroponics - aizobudirira mirayiridzo pagadzirwe yakachena zvibereko mune maindasitiri uye pamba. Hydroponic nzira vane zvinobatsirawo mwero kukura uye vhoriyamu okuwana. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kubvumira kuti michina muitiro zvachose kana kuderedza kupindira kwevanhu kushoma. Complete anogadza nokuti chicherwa inotonhorera zvingaitwa uye fetiraiza kuti hydroponic gadziriro zvinonzi nevakawanda kushandiswa kunyange dzinogarwa runyararo. Pasinei pachena kunzwisisa, kuti hydroponic hurongwa anokwanisa kununura kufanana apedza zvigadzirwa, uye yakawanda kunonakidza kuti zvakawanika uye kutarisirwa.