Roma mavambo, ayo vamiririri

Roma, Roma, Roma - dzinozivikanwa vaifamba vanhu anobva North India, yapararira pasi pose, kunyanya Europe.

Language uye mavambo

Most Roma ichitaura chimiro Roma, iyo hwakada kufanana yazvino Indo-European mitauro kuchamhembe kweIndia, uyewo chikuru mutauro munyika dzavanogara. Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti Roma boka akasiya India kakawanda, uye kuti XI remakore vakanga vari Persia, pakutanga pamusoro XIV remakore. - in South-Eastern Europe, uye XV remakore. zvasvika Western Europe. By yechipiri yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri. ivo kupararira makondinendi rose rinogarwa.

Chiso zhinji Roma vanozviti mumwe zita zvakafanana "rum at" (zvinoreva kuti "murume" kana "murume"), uye vose vasiri Roma - rokuti "Gadjo" kana "gadzho" (shoko rine pejorative zvirevo, zvinoreva "hillbilly" kana "fuza" ). Vazhinji Roma tenda zita "yechiGypsy" inogumbura.

demography

Nokuda kwavo anongofamba mararamiro, kushaya pamutemo vaverengwe data, uyewo nokusanganisa nevamwe anongofamba mapoka, tinyatsonzwisisa nhamba enyika Roma ndiyo pakati vanhu vaviri mashanu miriyoni. Hapana zvakavimbika Nhamba pamusana nguva dziri kure nhau munyika dzakasiyana hazvigoni kuwanwa. Most Roma achiri kugara Europe, kunyanya mune slavyanogovoryaschih munyika Central Europe uye muBalkans. Vazhinji vavo vanogara muCzech Republic uye Slovakia, Hungary, yaimbova Yugoslavia uye pedyo Bulgaria uye Romania.

husingaperi vanotama

Kufanana nevechiduku vari anongofamba vechiGypsy kazhinji dzisingapindirani chokwadi kuti shoma uye zvishoma vavo zvechokwadi vanongogara migrates. Zvisinei, avo kufamba ishoma. Vamiririri Vose anongofamba Roma mavambo tama pamwe yakasimbiswa nzira dzinoshorwa miganhu yenyika. Ivo vanotevera ngetani mhuri kana nedzinza.

Roma kubatwa munhu runochengeta nemararamiro anokonzerwa chisimba kudzingwa kana munyika. makore 80 pashure avo kuwanika Western Europe muzana remakore rechi15 vakadzingwa zvinenge zvose Nyika Western Europe. Pasinei nokuti vakawanda Roma akava mhaka nokutambudzwa enderana uye ekisipoti uyu, Roma, zvisinei, akazviratidzazve chimiro mumwe kana mumwe munyika vakasiya.

midziyo nokutambudzwa

All mufambi vemunharaunda mapoka pakati aivapo dzavanhu sokuti kuva nyore vokupomera. Ndizvowo zvakaita Roma, apo vomunzvimbo yatovapo kugara Zvenhema vazhinji mhosva, kuti akanga anotungamirira mberi zvinenge uye dzepamutemo kushungurudzwa. ukama hwavo visa vehurumende vave kuchiratidzwa zvinotevedzana kuzvipokanidza. Official mitemo vaiwanzopomerwa zvainanga kuitwa yavo, kana kumanikidzwa kuti munhu ndakagara mararamiro, asi zviremera zvomunzvimbo kunge zvakanyatsorongwa akaramba navo kodzero kuputsa musasa wavo.

Panguva Holocaust Roma chete mhosva yaiva yavo weRomany kwavanobva. Izvi zvakaguma kuurayiwa 400,000 Roma nevaNazi.

French mutemo parizvino rinorambidza ngavamire mumusasa akavaita pasi mapurisa cherechedzo, mutero akavatumidza muchiuto sezvo munhuwo vemo.

Spain uye Wales - kunyika maviri, izvo zvinowanzotaurwa nezvazvo sezvo mienzaniso rinoti umo Roma vava ndakagara, kana kwete zvachose kutombozivikanwa muchiKristu.

Munguva pfupi yapfuura mugovanisi musasa Eastern Europe nyika vakaedza kushandisa purogiramu kumanikidzwa kugarwa, yakagadzirirwa hwogumisa kwavo nzira anongofamba youpenyu.

wechigypsy basa

Setsika, kuti Roma vari mubasa basa kuti akavabvumira kuti arambe runochengeta nzira youpenyu, vakagara arikunze munzanga. Varume vaiva vatengesi mombe, vanodzidzisa uye vaimbi, tinkers, mhizha, navavezi yokugadzirisa kicheni nemidziyo musicians; mukadzi achishamisika kutengeswa potions, achiteterera uye vakagamuchira vateereri.

Kusati kwatombova wemhuka, varimi vazhinji vakanga vachitsvaka Roma kubvunza navo panyaya dzemhuka uye nemombe utano.

Modern hupenyu Roma kunoratidza "mberi" wenyika Hajiyev. Trip zvino akazvipira mapoka motokari, marori uye Trailers, uye zvipfuwo kutengeserana chikatsiviwa kutengeswa vakashandisa motokari uye Trailers. Kunyange zvazvo vakawanda kugadzirwa kicheni midziyo, uye rworuboshwe Tinker pasina basa, vamwe mumaguta Roma vava repair Vanamakanika uye vachigadzira motokari miviri. Kana vamwe vanhu vakawanda Roma vachiri ringatungamirira runochengeta nzira youpenyu, vazhinji wagara, anoita unyanzvi hwako kana kushanda sezvo vashandi. Vatariri circuses uye chivaraidzo nemapaki uyewo anopa basa kuti Roma ano sezvo vanodzidzisa kiosk vapemhi uye mhanza Teller.

mhuri

Classical Roma mhuri ine akaroorana uye vavo kuroora nevana, uye pane imwe akaroora mwanakomana, mukadzi wake navana vavo. Shure muchato wechidiki nemudzimai anowanzogara nomurume vabereki ave mudiki mukadzi haazivi mararamiro veimba wake. Zvakanakisa, pakazosvika nguva apo dangwe achava akagadzirira kusiya nemhuri yake, mwanakomana muduku kuroorwa uye kutungamirira mhuri mudzimai wake mutsva. Kwekutanga muchato rave rakagara richidudzirwa akaronga vakuru mhuri kana boka kusimbisa enyika uye ukama nevamwe mhuri, mapoka kana, nguva, confederations, kunyange pakupera kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, tsika iyi yadzikira yekudyidzana. The chikuru chepfungwa dzimba Roma ichange roora mwenga kunoita vabereki chikomba vabereki.

madzinza

Siyana zviri Roma mavambo takatsunga ne emunharaunda kusiyana, ine vamwe tsika uye mutauro wakada zvinhu. Pane mapazi matatu, kana rudzi, Roma:

• Kelderari - Kotljary-tinkers, akabva muBalkans ipapo Central Europe, dziri kupfuura vazhinji.
• Iberian Roma, kana zhitanos - Roma mavambo, ane nhengo kurarama zvikurukuru katsi Peninsula, North Africa uye kumaodzanyemba kweFrance. Yakasimba unyanzvi zvinovaraidza.
• Manush (kubva French manouche), ainziwo Sinti - Roma mavambo, ane nhengo mhenyu kunyanya nharaunda yeAlsace nezvimwewo kumatunhu France uye Germany. Vazhinji vavo vachifamba showmen uye sekasi.

Mumwe nomumwe Roma mavambo rakakamurwa maviri kana kupfuura subgroups, zvakasiyana Occupational specialization kana miganhu mavambo.

political sangano

Handina pamutemo akasika pasina muviri, Congress uye akasarudzwa kuva "mambo" vakagamuchira vose Roma, kunyange zvazvo "dzakawanda" congresses ose vechiGypsy kwakaitika muMunich, Moscow, muBucharest, Sofia (1906) uye muguta Polish Ruvne (mu 1936). Zvakadaro, kuvapo political vehurumende Roma yatovapo isingachinji chokwadi. zvichida vaya vakagamuchira anokudzwa okuremekedza akadai sa "Duke" kana "Count", mukuvamba nhoroondo yake nemashoko vomunzvimbo, vakanga vasina kupfuura Atamans mapoka vakanga kufamba imwe mari kubva 10 kusvika anoverengeka zana mhuri. vatungamiriri ava (vatongi) vakasarudzwa kuti upenyu pakati vakakurumbira mhuri. simba ravo uye simba dzaisiyana zvichienderana neuwandu shamwari, tsika uye ukama nevamwe masangano mukati mubatanidzwa.

Voivod aiva wehomwe kuti boka, anosarudza nzira kwayo kutama uye chikamu akurukure veko matunhu neminisiparati zviremera. Iye rinotungamirirwa kanzuru nevakuru, uyo akabvunza mukuru mukadzi nokuwadzana. The simba yokupedzisira yakanga simba, kunyanya pamusoro zvaitika vakadzi nevana, uye kwaibva pachena kukwanisa kuwana uye kuronga vakadzi mukati boka.

mumagariro kuzvidzora

Strong masangano munzanga kudzora vokuRoma nyika yakanga "Chris" - mutemo netsika uye kururamisira, uyewo tsika uye dare mapoka. Roma vaiva hwaro misoro remitemo kuvimbika, coherence uye reciprocity mukati enyika zvinozivikanwa sangano. Capital kurohwa Tribunal, izvo nechokuita zvose kupokana uye kutyorwa bumbiro, akanga nezvekubudiswa boka. dambudziko Mutongo aigona haabatanidzi munhu pokuita zvimwe zvinhu, uye kuti achamuranga kwokugara nyanzvi basa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vakuru rwavakatipa vapore, zvichiteverwa kuyanana yezororo.

mumagariro sangano

Mapoka Roma ine Vic, t. e. Songaniro akawedzera mhuri ine nevakawanda mavambo, zvose yemadzibaba uye rwaamai, rinosvika vanhu vanenge 200. Most Vitsa vanogona pachako mukuru wayo uye kanzuru. Kubatanidzwa mutevedzeri, unogona vanoti somugumisiro kuroorwa nhengo genus. Kuvimbika uye pamwe kwoupfumi anotarisirwa pachiyero weimba pane vitsy chechetere. The mutauro Romani hakusi Generic rokureva mhuri. Man zvichida kuvimba nokutsigira-siyana akakodzera hama, uyo ane utano pedyo uye harisi pakupopotedzana.

zvomudzimu zvinotendwa

Roma havana kutenda pamutemo, uye kare, vari kazhinji vakazvidza vakarongeka chitendero. Nhasi Roma kazhinji sevanhu rave chitendero munyika dzavanogara, uye anorondedzera vanozvionawo "zvakawanda senyeredzi dzakapfirirwa mumaziso aMwari." Mamwe mapoka vari vaKaturike, vaMuslim, Pentekosti, maProtestenti, yeAnglican uye maBaptist.

Roma kuchengeta kunzwisisa mitemo inodzora zvinhu zvakafanana neatness, utsanana, kuremekedza, rukudzo uye kururamisira. Mitemo iyi vanonzi "Roman". Romano kunoreva kuratidza chiremerera somunhu Roma. "Romanipen" - zita wechigypsy kuti dzidziso dzavo.

vachengeti tsika

Roma ndiyo Distributor dzakakurumbira netsika zviri munzvimbo vakagara (somuenzaniso, Romania), nokuchengeta tsika dzenyika, nokupembera uye zvakafanana, idzo dzinongoita anyangarika upenyu hwokumaruwa pakupera kwezana XXI remakore. nhaka yavo navarongo hwakakura kwazvo uye rinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, Flamenco. Kunyange zvazvo Roma vane mupfumi yemabviro, rakanyorwa mabhuku avo nekaupenyu uneventful.

Pakutanga ari XXI remakore, Roma kuramba kurwisana kupokanidzana mutsika dzavo. Pasinei vane zvishoma kuzvidzivirira kushungurudzwa pedyo utsinye vanhu, vamwe kusavimbana uye kusashivirirana anoramba. Zvichida vakawanda dambudziko ravakanga takatarisana, waiva Kuparara mumararamiro avo achifuridzirwa muguta dzakabudirira muvanhu. Nyaya mhuri uye kuvimbika kwemadzinza, chakajairika Music Roma, vakabatsira kuchengetedza vamwe pfungwa zviri kuna Roma mavambo, asi vamwe vaduku uye unyanzvi exponents mimhanzi iyi kufurirwa mibairo zvinhu Akakukurwa kunze nyika. Individual kwedzimba, rusununguko zvoupfumi, uye varoorane pamwe Nerom kuva akakurumbira.