Ruzhinji Hurongwa - mukukunda ruzhinji

Modern mutemo mubumbiro anopa zvakawanda paruzhinji, sei kodzero yavo vagadze hurumende iri State. Izvi kunonzi kune nesarudzo muitiro, chinoratidzwa imwe mhando hurongwa: vazhinji, Proportional kana yakavhenganiswa.

Ruzhinji Hurongwa nhasi - ndiyo nzvimbo muenzaniso nesananguro vamiririri hurumende, aivapo dzakabudirira. At chawo vari akaumba mumiririri miviri in Canada, ari US, Australia, Japan nedzimwe nyika dzakawanda. Chii kukwezva uye kubudirira ichi mhando?

Majoritarian sarudzo maitiro - chaizvo uye typology.

Ruzhinji mavhoti - kuti mutemo uyu ndiwo mukuru pane kushanda nesarudzo hurongwa. Kutaura zvazviri, majoritarian sarudzo hurongwa iroro kuti parege kupiwa kwakaitwa reMitemo kana murayiro pamusoro yesarudzo kuwanda mavhoti kuti imwe mumiriri panguva iyo nomination achapiwa kugamuchirwa vakawanda electors.

Taurai nhamba mavhoti haisi netsaona. Zvichienderana payo, kune marudzi matatu kwakadai sarudzo:

• Mhedziso ruzhinji - maererano kukwikwidza vake pambiru anofanira vakafunga vanosarudzwa kana uye chete zvakaitika apo tsitsi yake aizopa inzwi hafu yevagari ane kodzero yekusarudza, pamwe mumwe munhu;
• hama ruzhinji - sarudzo pasi zano iri zvinoratidza kuvapo nyore vazhinji mavhoti pane dzimwe musarudzo;
• anokwanisa ruzhinji - munyika mitemo zvakajeka unocherekedza chikumbaridzo, ari kubudirira izvo zvakakwana kukunda mune musarudzo.

Zvisinei, zvinokosha kuziva kuti hapana pachake ane musiyano wezvinyorwa mutemo vazhinji inotaura vakakwana. Kazhinji, mhando vari vakaita mumatanho akasiyana-siyana kana nesananguro yakasiyana siyana. Majoritarian hurongwa achibvumira zviito zvakadaro, kunyanya kana totaura pemasimba epamusoro. Muenzaniso unoshamisa "chiwanikwa" wokutanga uye chechipiri mhando akasarudzwa purezidhendi France. Chokutanga kunhivi ichaongororwa chete anodiwa chete kana munhu aikwikwidza akawana mhedziso uwandu mavhoti. Kana izvi zvikasaitika, ipapo rwakapoteredza yechipiri ichaitwa pakati musarudzo, achitora rokutanga uye rechipiri nzvimbo, maererano hama ruzhinji hurongwa.

Ruzhinji Hurongwa - ane zvakawanda zvainoita kunyatsoshanda. Zvazvakanakira zvinogona zvakanaka anonzi pakagadzwa mudanga mamiriro vaviri - matatu webato hurongwa. Asi drawback zvakasimba vangava nebasa pfungwa kuti chikamu vemo kuti akavhotera vachida nesananguro kunze.

Majoritarian Proportional nesarudzo nehurongwa - achitandadza siyana.

Ndechipi ruzhinji gadziriro, vakakurukura pamusoro. Vashoma Proportional sarudzo hurongwa zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti, mukusiyana wokutanga, inobva pakusarudza kwete imwe mumiriri uye bato. Most pamutemo nyanzvi uye masayendisiti enyika vanowanzofunga kuti zvakanga pasi Proportional nesarudzo hurongwa zvakazara pachena nesarudzo map ehurumende. Chinokosha kupokana noruzhinji kwava kwazvo voted count uye kutsunga uwandu mugove mufananidzo muhurumende.

Ruzhinji Hurongwa haana t. N. "The sarudzo pachikumbaridzo." Kusiyana kwazviri, Proportional kakawanda achiri rinotsanangura pacharo. Asi izvi zvaitwa kuti kudzivirira ndima vakasanangurwa miviri kumapati uye akazvimirira musarudzo, ane uremu muupenyu enyika yakanyanya yakaderera.

Pasinei kusiyana urongwa hwavo, majoritarian Proportional nesarudzo nehurongwa kazhinji anoshanda panguva imwe chete, marudzi subtype imwe mhando - neveMamwe nesarudzo hurongwa. symbiosis ichi kuri kukwezva munyika vane ndima akapfuma munzvimbo tsindirana dzokugara vamwe vanhu.

Somugumisiro, vazhinji gadziriro anoratidzwa kuva akagadzirwa sarudzo nzira umo kubhabhatidzwa vanofanira kuhwina kutsigirwa vakawanda nevanovhota. ino akakwana nokuda sarudzo oga aimiririra vehurumende (somuenzaniso, President wokuFrance, kana kuti vakuru vari US), asi ane vanoverengeka zvinokosha zvainovhiringidzawo nekuda nesananguro seboka miviri (Paramende kana dzomunharaunda kanzuru).