Rwendo rwemabhuku pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvemabhuku. Nhoroondo ye World Literature

Kuti udzidze kunzwisisa zvinonyanya kukoshesa mukuvandudzika kwemhando ipi zvetsika, unofanira kuverenga zvakawanda zvebasa. Asi tisati taenderera mberi, zvakakosha kuti tive nerwende rezvinyorwa. Mabhuku mazhinji akanyorwa pane zvakaitika mumabhuku. Zvimwe zvakasikwa nevatsoropodzi vezvinyorwa. Zvimwe zvifananidzi zvakafanana, zvakagadzirirwa vaverengi vakasiyana-siyana. Kuda kunofanira kupiwa kutanga.

Kuvhara chidimbu chinokosha chetsika imwe volume, kunyange yakawanda kwazvo, haigone. Nokudaro, kuunganidza urongwa hwemabhuku pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvemabhuku, zvakakosha kutevera nguva.

Antique literature

Sei ndichida kuverenga mabasa nevanyori vakararama makore anopfuura makumi maviri akapfuura? Kunyatsotsvaga simba guru re mabhuku ekare pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvemazuva ano uye nhetembo hazvibviri. Pushikin guru yakamboti: "Isu tose takabva mutemberi yeGomerov." Yakawanda yakanga iri kutaura nezvemabasa edhiki yekare yechiGiriki, uyo kwenguva refu akadzidza vanhu vose vasina kudzidza. Vanyoro vakadzidza navo kunyange vakaverenga nhetembo dzaHomer mune yekutanga.

Sezvo rufu rwaPushkin rwakapfuura makore akawanda, zvakawanda zvakachinja. Kuchinja kwakakosha kwakagadzirisawo fikisi. Asi zvakadaro nheyo dzenhema uye zvidzidzo kubva kumabasa ekare eRoma nevanyori vechiGiriki vekare mumasangano akasiyana-siyana emitauro varipo nhasi. Nokudaro, munhu anoda kuonekwa somunhu akadzidziswa anofanira kuziva mazita evanhu vamiririri vekare tsika. Zvakanaka, avo vanoda kudzidza chidzidzo ichi zvakadzama, zvakakosha kuita urongwa hwemabhuku. Maererano nenhoroondo yemabhuku eAntio, kunyanya zvidzidzo zvekudzidzisa zvakagadzirirwa mune zvemafilologists munguva yemberi. Mukurumbira wavo ndeye:

• IM Tronsky "Nhoroondo Yekare Yekare Mabhuku."
• I. F, Annensky "History of Ancient Drama".
• BA Gilenson "Nhoroondo Yekare Yekare Mabhuku".
• A. F, Losev "Nhoroondo yekare yeaesthetics".
• ML Gasparov "Zvinyorwa zveEuropean Antiquity."

Zvechokwadi, mabasa aya ose anofanira kuverengwa chete neavo vanoronga kupedza nguva yakawanda yehupenyu hwavo pane imwe nzvimbo kure nekubudirira uye hupenyu hwenyika. Somuenzaniso, paDhipatimendi reClassical Philology yeimwe yemayunivhesiti enyika. Vose mabhuku haagoni kuverengwa. Iwe unogona kungosarudza kubva kwavari izvo izvo zvinodiwa chaizvoizvo. Nokudaro, pakanyora ruzivo rwezvinyorwa mumabhuku ezvinyorwa uye nekuzvicheka muchikamu maererano ne periodization, zvakakwana kuti uverenge chikamu chimwe kubva muchikamu chimwe nechimwe.

Zvinyorwa zvekare zveRussia

Nguva yakabva ku XI-XVII mumutauro weRus yakave yakakosha. Mumakore mazana emakore, mitauro yakasiyana mumabhuku yakagadzirwa. Hapana mafananidzi kwavari mune tsika dzenyika. Iyi ndiyo chinyorwa, uye nyaya yehondo, uye hupenyu. Icho chivako chikuru chetsika yenguva ino ndi "The Lay of Igor's Host". Kuverenga mabasa aya kwakaoma zvikuru pakuona kwemazuva ano. Asi kuti uzive nezvemashoko makuru emabhuku akadaro, unogona kuverenga "History History Ancient Russian". Munyori ndiye NK Gudziy.

Zvinyorwa zveMeddie

Kubudirira kwebhuku hakugoni kuenzaniswa nezviitiko zvezvakaitika uye zviitiko zvehupenyu hwehupenyu hweimwe nguva. Middle Ages - nguva inosuruvara uye ine simba. Chero zvazviri, pfungwa iyi ine munhu wemazuva ano pamusoro pake. Asi kunyange munguva ino mabasa akasikwa akaponeswa kusvikira nhasi. Iwe unogona kuwana pamusoro pavo kubva kuVM Zhirmunsky bhuku ra "History of Foreign Literature. Middle Middle and Renaissance ». Mune bhuku iri, sezvinogona kuonekwa kubva pachigumo, zvinorevawo danho rinotevera mukukudziridza tsika.

The Renaissance

Munguva iyi, mabhuku akawana ruzivo rwakakosha. Chimwe chinhu chikuru chemabasa evanyori venguva ino nderokufunga kwehupenyu hwevanhu, iyo yakave yakakosha mumutauro weEurope yose. Zvisinei, munyika dzose, vanyori nevanyori vakasika zvisikwa zvavo pasi pesimba remamiriro enyika. Nezvimwe zvinhu zvakave nemabasa evanyori ava, unogona kudzidza kubva mubhuku reSoviet rinotsoropodza zvinyorwa B. I Purishev. Bhuku iri rinonzi "Zvinyorwa Zvedzimwe nyika. The Renaissance ».

Classicism

Iri izwi rinonzwisiswa sechimiro chemaitiro uye mazano ekutungamira mune tsika. Makoronike emitauro yakawanda, pakutanga kwezvose, mitambo, madhimas uye odes. Vamiririri venharaunda iyi muRussia vaiva Lomonosov, Derzhavin, Fonvizin. Munhu wose anofunga kuti zvakafanira kunzwisisa huchenjeri hwekusika mabasa mumitauro iyi inofanira kudzidza basa romutsoropodzi weRussia L. V. Pumpyanskiy "On the History of Russian Classicism."

Nhoroondo yemabhuku ekuRussia ezana remakore rechigumi nemakore

Muzana remakore rimwe chete, kuwedzera kusati kwamboitika kwakaitika munharaunda yeRussia. Kunyanya inosanganisira mabhuku. Iri zana remakore rakakurumbira pamusana waro garaxi wevanyori vakachenjera uye vanyori. Pakati pavo Pushkin, Gogol, Turgenev, Dostoevsky nevamwe vazhinji. Zvechokwadi, kune mabhuku mazhinji akabayirwa panguva ino. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye VI Korovin's The History of Russian Literature yezana remakore rechi19. Bhuku rino rakabudiswa mumitauro mitatu, rimwe nerimwe rayo rakazvipira kune dzimwe tsika uye zvinyanzwisisiro zvekunyorwa kwezvinyorwa uye prose muRussia.

Zvinyorwa zvezana remakore rechi20

Muzana remakore rapfuura munyika maiva nezviitiko zvakawanda zvakashata izvo izvi zvisingakwanisi asi zvinokanganisa tsika. Zvinyorwa zvezana remakore rechi20 zvakagamuchira mafomu chaiwo. MuRussia, nguva iyi inogona kugoverwa muzvikamu zviduku zvishoma, imwe neimwe inosanganisira vanyori vane nyanzvi. Kana tichitaura pamusoro pebhuku reGermany, Britain, France neAmerica, saka mabhuku akawanda akazvipira munyaya iyi. Chimwe chazvo ndeche "Zvinyorwa Zvedzimwe Nyika XX". Munyori ndiye LG Andreev. Uye nyaya yakadai se "Zvinyorwa zvezana remakore rechi20 muRussia" zvinoratidzwa mubhuku rinonzi SI Kormilov. Bhuku rake rinofukidza nguva kubva kuma20 kusvika kuma90. Musoro webhuku racho nderokuti "The History of Russian Literature of the 20th Century."

Contemporary Russian prose

Inogona kusanganisira mabasa akasikwa munguva iyo inofungidzirwa neRussian theoretician Kormilov. Chirevo chemazuva ano chirevo chechirevo. Vamiririri venguva iyi mukugadzirwa kwemabhuku kunogona kuve kune avo vanyori vanonyora nhasi, uye avo vakashanda hafu yezana remakore yapfuura. Asi kana tikanzwisisa vanyori avo zvino vanobudisa mabhuku avo pasi peshoko rokuti "Prose Yemazuva Ano", zvino basa rokudzidza panguva ino richanyorwa kwete mberi kupfuura mune imwe makore makumi matatu kana makumi mana.

Mabhuku evana

Zvinyorwa zvevaverengi vaduku zvakasimuka sevatungamiri vakasiyana muzana remakore re XVII. Nokudaro, musoro unoti "Nhoroondo yezvinyorwa zvevana" haisi yakawandisa semamwewo ose, anofungidzirwa munyaya ino. MuRussia, kutaridzirwa kwevana kwakatanga kukura nekushingaira munguva yaPetro Mukuru. Mipiro inokosha yakaitwa nevanyori vakadai saDerzhavin, Karamzin, Sumarokov. Nhoroondo yezvinyorwa zvevana ndeyechidiki chesainzi. Hapana basa rakawanda rave rakatsaurirwa naro. Asi mumwe anokwanisa kutumidza mumwe wavo - "Zvinyorwa Zvevana Vedu" naF. Tolle.