Antique mabhuku. Nhoroondo kukura. Vamiririri yaitonga akare

Shoko rokuti "Ancient Literature" yakatanga hwakatangwa nokuda kwevanhu of Renaissance, yainzi sezvo mabhuku ekare neGirisi uye Roma. Izwi akanga akachengetedza nyika idzi, uye rava rakafanana nerokuti dzekare - nyika kuti kukanganiswa paumbwe European tsika.

Periodization mabhuku yekare

Nhoroondo mabhuku yekare anonyanya kwakavakirwa tsika Greece yekare. Panyaya iyi, pane vatatu nguva yaro kukura.

1. Yokutanga nguva unonzi pre-chekare kana zvekare. Literature akapa zvokuudzwa chevarwere unyanzvi, iyo yakatanga nekuda pamarudzi chitendero. Unosanganisira nziyo, zvitsinga, nyaya vamwari, chema, zvirevo nezvimwe Genres dzakawanda dzinokurukurwa ngano. The nguva furemu wokutanga nguva hazvibviri kuti vanyatsoona. Oral Genres rakavapo pamusoro emakore, asi zvinofungidzirwa nguva Payakapera - rechitatu I chemakore chokutanga.

2. Antique mabhuku chechipiri nguva anopindura VII - IV mu. BC. e. Inonzi chaiwo, sezvo rinobatana nguva inotungamirwa kuGreece of dzekare chimiro rouranda. Munguva iyi, pane zvave vakawanda lyrical uye paakaita nemabasa, uyewo prose, umo kukura mupiro huru akaita vamiririri, vazivi uye vanyori venhau dzakaitika. Oga, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa V remakore BC. e., unonzi goridhe. Nzvimbo huru mune mabhuku iyi akatora yemitambo.

3. Chechitatu, yaitonga vaGiriki munhoroondo mabhuku ekare chokuita kukura rouranda. With veMubatanidzwa vemauto-monarchical muchimiro sangano simba rakapinza Kusiyanisa upenyu hwevanhu, inova unopfuura vakasiyana nyore dzekare kumwedzi.

nguva iyi kazhinji sevanhu nenguva mabhuku kudzikisirana. Mariri kusiyanisa mangwanani uye mushakabvu padanho echiGiriki vanodzivisa nguva kubva III remakore BC. e. kuti V remakore BC. e. Panguva iyi, kekutanga akataura pacharwo antiikki mabhuku Roman.

yekare mungano

Hwaro mungano dzekare zvinoumba nyaya avanamwari vekare, vanamwari-Olympians uye magamba.

Legends pamusoro vanamwari vekare vaiva vaGiriki uye vaRoma panguva apo vanhu yakanga matriarchal. vanamwari vaidaidzwa chthonic, kana vasina njere.

Pakatanga patriarchy vanamwari vakatanga kutarisa zvakawanda sezvinoita vanhu. Panguva ino, pane chifananidzo Zeus kana Jupiter - mukuru mwari, aigara paGomo Olympus. Zviri saka zita Olympic vanamwari. In nemaonero vavaGiriki, zvisikwa izvi vane yakaoma akanyatsorongwa, izvo aizoruramisa chete kuti chiri muvanhu.

Magamba ngano dzekare dzakanga kujairika vanhu, yakabuda somugumisiro kutaurirana pakati venyama uye vanamwari-Olympians. Somuenzaniso, imwe yenzvimbo akakurumbira ndiye Hercules - mwanakomana waZeusi uye Alcmene dzose. VaGiriki vaidavira kuti chimwe nechimwe vevatambi ane chinangwa, kuchenesa Nyika kubva zvikara, izvo chamuita kuti GAIA.

epos

Nziyo yekare mabhuku epos Genre rinomiririrwa mazita akadai Homer uye Virgil.

Homer - nyanduri kunozivikanwa, anonzi munyori mukuru kupukunyuka paakaita nhetembo - "The rinonzi Iliad" uye "Odyssey." Zvinotisimbisa kuti pakusikwa mabasa aya vava ngano, chevarwere nziyo uye ngano. paakaita nhetembo Homer kwakaita zvakanyorwa hexameters.

Virgil - nomudetembi wechiRoma, munyori kunozivikanwa yakakura nhetembo "Aeneid." Mairi munyori inorumbidza kunozivikanwa kwakabva Roman vanhu.

The Lyrics uye mutambo

Mumwe yakakurumbira vamiririri pakati lyric Genre anganzi munhu poetess Sappho. Aishandisa chinyakare ngano motifs, asi akavapa mifananidzo yakajeka uye manzwiro simba. Kuzivikanwa poetess akagamuchira muupenyu hwake. basa rake rinosanganisira mabhuku vapfumbamwe nhetembo, asi kuti achiripo nhetembo mazana chete maviri lyrical ndima.

Chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo zvesimba vaiva mumwe kupfuura varaidzo yakakurumbira weGirisi yekare. Antique mabhuku Golden Age uyu muitiro anomiririrwa mu Genres huru mbiri: njodzi uye Comedy.

Kutaura zvazviri, njodzi rekare raiva dhanzi. Its muvambi ichaongororwa rekare rechiGiriki munyori wemitambo Aeschylus. Iye zvakanyorwa vanopfuura 90 dambe, asi akararama kusvika mazuva edu, chete vanomwe. Mumwe nematambudziko inozivikanwa kwazvo Aeschylus ari "Prometheus KUSUNGWA", ane mufananidzo richiri kushandiswa nevanyori.

Antique mutambo aiva enyika chikuru. Somuenzaniso, mumwe vamiririri Genre ichi - Aristophanes - mu comedies ake "The World" uye "Lysistrata" anoshora hondo pakati Greece uye Sparta. Comedy "Riders" akatsoropodza zvinokanganiswa hweruzhinji nezvaiva muAtene.

Rakatanga prose Genre

List mabhuku yekare prose Genre anomiririrwa, kupfuura zvose, nhaurirano hwaPlato. Zviri mabasa aya anoratidzwa kuburikidza pfungwa uye nharo pakati interlocutors vaviri, vane kuwana chokwadi. The chikuru gamba dzaPlato kuti nhaurirano aiva mudzidzisi wake Socrates. chimiro ichi emashoko anonzi "yaSocrates nhaurirano".

30 anozivikanwa Plato nhaurirano. The kupfuura nomukurumbira vavo ngano Atlantis, "Mutambo," "Phaedo,", "Phaedrus."