Biography yaI S. S. Nikitin. Vanyori veRussia

Munyori wezvinyorwa uye munyori Ivan Nikitin nemabasa ake haatanidzwi purogiramu yechikoro pamabhuku. Zita iri rinozivikanwa nhasi chete kune vadzidzi vanoongorora dzidzo yeRussia mabhuku pane zvakadzika. Kazhinji Ivan Nikitin haazive kunyange kune avo vanoimba nziyo pamatembo ake.

Half-forgotten forgotten classics

Mutsva yeRussia inotsoropodza nguva yeSoviet, pakanga pane hurumende yakagadzikana yezvinyorwa zvinyorwa, maererano nevanyori vose vezana remakore regumi nemapfumbamwe vakaratidzirwa nekukosha kwavo. Maererano nehutungamiri huno, munyori Nikitin Ivan Savich haasi wehuwandu hweredzi dzekutanga kukura. Anonzwisiswa sechikoro, uye zvechokwadi, hakuna munhu akanganwa pamusoro pake. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti Ivan Nikitin mudetembi anobva kumwoyo weRussia.

Asi yakangotaurwa chete pashure pezita rezvinyanya kukosha. Ngatiedzei kuona kuti zvakarurama sei.

Zvinyorwa kubva kuhupenyu hwemabhuku echiRussia

Nhoroondo yeI I. S. Nikitin inobva kuVeronezh. Yakanga iri muguta iri rekare repurovhinzi kuti munyori weramangwana rakaberekwa muna 1824. Ucheche hwake hwakapedzerwa mumhuri yevarombo yekutengesa, iyo yaivapo pamari inobva kumabhizimisi maduku. Ivan Nikitin akabudirira kubudza paVeronezh Seminary. Zvisinei, kupedzisa dzidzo yezvokunamata yaakanga asina kugadzirirwa. Iyo yose yakawedzera biography yaIvan Nikitin inogona kunge yakanyatsopfuurira mberi kana baba vake vakanga vasina kuparadzwa zvachose pamusana pekudhakwa kwakapfuurira, uye mamiriro ezvinhu anosuruvarisa aisazoisa mhuri kumucheto weurombo.

Kutanga kwenzira yekusika

Murume wechidiki uyu aifanira kuwana mararamiro ake oga. Aifanira kusiya zvidzidzo zvake mune imwe dzidziso yebhaibheri uye kuwana basa pane imwe imba. Zvisinei, uyo aimbova seminarian anoratidza kushivirira kwehutano-anoverenga zvakawanda, anozvidzidzo, anodzidza mitauro yekunze. Inodzokorora mumasikirini ekutanga ezvinyorwa zvepasi. Anoedza ruoko rwake munhetembo uye prose.

Munguva iyi yehupenyu hwake, denderedzwa rekurara kwake rinoumba Voronezh intelligentsia. Uye mune iri denderedzwa rinotenderera rinogamuchirwa seyakaenzana. Nokudaro, Ivan Savich Nikitin, uyo uhu hwake nehuduku hwakapfuura muhurombo nekushaiwa, hutora matanho ekutanga kubudirira uye kubvuma. Harsh chikoro chehupenyu hachina kungoita kuti achinje unhu hwake, asi zvakare akafanotarisa kusarudza kwemafananidzo nemitambo yaanofanirwa kupinda muRussia mabhuku. Guta guru revanhu richakurumidza kudzidza zvakawanda zvitsva uye zvinonakidza, kuverenga nyaya dzaNicitin Ivan Savich pamusoro pevunhu re Voronezh.

Mumabhuku makuru

Iyo nyanzvi yemabhuku eI Nikitin yakatanga mumakore ekutanga Voronezh. Pasinei nechokwadi chokuti zvizhinji zvezvaakanyora munguva iyi hazvisi zvakakwana kuzvimiririra, zvakange zviri mupepanhau rehurumende yeVeronezh rakabudisa nhetembo yake "Rus" kuti nyanzvi yezvinyorwa zvemunyori wacho yakaitika. Bhuku iri harina kuonekwa zvisingaonekwi mumabhuku makuru ehurumende yeRussia. Uye haisiyo musoro chaiyo wetsamba yakatsaurirwa kuCrimean War.

Vatsoropodzi vezvinyorwa zvemahofisi makuru aya, apo nhetembo yacho yakanyorwazve, yakaratidza maitiro ekutanga kwebasa nemashoko asina mubvunzo ezvinyorwa zveimwe nhetembo yakakurumbira yaVeronezh, nyanzvi yerondedzero yakafa Alexei Koltsov. Ichi chakanga chisingabvumirwi kubvuma. Murondedzeri wepurogiramu akacherechedza nekuverengwa kwevanhu vose, uye vatsoropodzi vezvinyorwa vakarondedzera ramangwana rakanaka kwaari.

Nhetembo "The Fist"

Mune basa guru rekunyora raIvan Nikitin, unogona nyore kusiyanisa zvinyorwa zve autobiographical. Mune nhetembo iyi, nhoroondo haina kunyanya pamusoro pevarimi, sezvo munhu anogona kugumisa kubva pane musoro, asi pamusoro pemamiriro emaphilistine emuzinda mukuru wepurovhinzi. Iko protagonist yechirangaridzo iyi yakaipa zvachose. Uyu ndiye mutengesi wechidiki wemuzaari uye mutengesi wechipiri-ruoko. Nokuda kwekubatsira munhu uyu akagadzirira chero hutsinye uye haazomiri pasina. Hazvikwanisi kutaurwa kuti Ivan Nikitin akarondedzera zvakananga baba vake mune iri hero, asi vakatora zvinhu zvakawanda kubva mukurangarira kwehuduku hwake hweupenyu hwe Voronezh. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa munhetembo ndevamwe mavhesi uye mamiriro ezvinhu kubva muupenyu hwedetembi. Pamberi paIvan Nikitin, mhando dzakadaro dzakanga dzisina kufanana mumabhuku eRussia. Munzira dzakawanda vanodzokorora nhau yeOstrovsky, iyo yakanga isipo mumakore iwayo.

Nhetembo "Fist" yakanzwisiswa nevaverengi vose veRussia nevatsoropodzi vezvinyorwa zveguta guru. Kunyanya, munyori weMoscow Dobrolyubov akataura zvakanyanya nezvebasa iri. Mutsoropodzi akaona mubasa romudetembi weVeronezh rinoshamisa uye panguva imwechete ruvara rwemavara rwemafirimu emamiriro ezvinhu ephilistine, ayo vamwe vanyori vakasarudza kusava nehanya mukunyarara. Neimwe nzira, munyori Nikitin akava piyona. Mune ramangwana, nyaya ino yakagadziridzwa kusimba kwakasimba mumabasa akawanda ezvinyorwa zveRussia mabhuku ezana remakore gumi namapfumbamwe nemazana makumi maviri.

Civil Lyrics

Pakutanga kuona, biography yaIvan Nikitin haina kusangana nezviitiko zvinoshamisa uye kusingatarisirwi kunokanganisa. Haana kubatanidzwa muhondo, mumhirizhonga, kana mukurwisana. Hupenyu hwemunyori weruzivo Ivan Nikitin akazvitsaurira kubasa reRussia mabhuku asina kunyarara. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha munhetembo yake ndicho chinyararire chekuzvarwa kwake. Vashomanana venguva yake vaikwanisa kuratidza izvi neunyanzvi hwakafanana naIvan Nikitin. "Mangwanani", imwe yezvinyanya kuzivikanwa mumarondedzwa ake, ndeye muenzaniso weNicitin's landscape lyric poetry. Asi zvisinei zvakakosha kunzwira tsitsi nekuda kwekudzidzira kuzvininipisa. Munyori wenhema anotaura nezvekusava netariro kwehupenyu hwevaya vanoshanda pasi kana kukwevera kunze kushungurudzika mumaguta ari kunze kweguta. Uye anoratidza kusanzwisisika kusinganzwisisiki nemamiriro ezvinhu aya.

Nikolay Nekrasov anonyatsoziva nyaya iyi mumabhuku eRussia. Asi Ivan Nikitin akaudza izvi pamberi peNekrasov. Uye chinonyanya kukosha, munyori wenhetembo akazonzwika uye akanzwisiswa nevanhu venguva yake. Shoko rake raivawo pakati pevana. Akanga ane simba guru kune avo vakauya kumurangariro weRussia kuti vamutore.

Ivan Savich Nikitin. "Musangano wechando"

Vanyori vakawanda vane nguva yavo yavanofarira. Ivan Nikitin, munyori wenhetembo, haasi zvakasiyana nemapfungwa mune iyi pfungwa. Zuva rakakosha kwaari kwaari kupfuura kwechando, zhizha nekuvhu. Zviri nyore kufungidzira pamusoro pesimba remanzwiro aya aanoita nawo anoratidza mazaya echando akafukidzwa neRussia uye anonaya muchando chinopisa misha miduku. Zvakakwana kuverenga chete nhetembo yake yakakurumbira "The Meeting of Winter". Muzvinhu zvose izvi, munhu anogona kuona zvinopfuura zviri nyore mifananidzo. Zuva kune mudetembi haisi imwe chete yemakore mana emwaka, asi rudzi rwezvisikwa zvose zvakasikwa, izvo zvinowedzera rusvingo rweRussia uye simba risina simba rekunamata.

Iri ndiro simba rimwechete rinoshamisa rekukunda kukuru kweEurope, mambo weNapoleon Bonaparte, akaparara nemeno ake. Uye, pasina mubvunzo, zvakazoitikawo zvichawira mune ramangwana revaya vose vanozoenderera mberi kuti varambe vachiita bhizimisi rake: "Uye ndiri kudururira tsoka dzake muRussia!"

Folk songs uye classical romances

Rwiyo pamheturo rwaIvan Nikitin "Ndakaenda kubhendi wevatengesi akanaka" inozivikanwa muRussia kose-kose. Inonzi inozivikanwa, uye vanhu vashomanana vanoziva kuti rwiyo rune munyori chaiyo-munyori wepakati pazana remakore rechigumi nemanomwe weRussia Ivan Savich Nikitin. Rwiyo rwe rwiyo urwu runosiyana-siyana. Izvo zvinoshandiswa nevaridzi vakasiyana-siyana mumutambo weimba, uyewo sekunwa nziyo pamichato uye vanhu vemitambo. Yakatove yakapfuura makore zana nehafu kubva rwiyo rwemutengesi-mutengesi rakatyoka kubva kune munyori uye anorarama hupenyu huri kuzvimirira. Zvisinei, vashomanana vanhu vanofunga pamusoro pokuti chokwadi chepakutanga chirevo chetsika yacho chakange chakasiyana zvachose. Uye munyori anogona kunge achishamiswa kudai akafanirwa kunzwa kududzirwa kwemazuva ano kwebasa rake. Asi zvakazara, aigona kufara.

Nyanzvi-nyanzvi nyanzvi dzakaverenga kuti nhetembo dzemunyori wenhetembo Ivan Nikitin dzakanyora zvinopfuura makumi matanhatu nziyo uye rudo. Mabasa ake akataurwa nevanyori vakakurumbira saVasily Kalinnikov naNikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. Hazvisi vanyori vose vekuRussia vanogona kuzvirumbidza pamusoro pebasa rake.

End of biography

Zvinowanzogamuchirwa kuti nguva yevateresi muRussia yakanyanyisa. Uye pfungwa iyi inonyatsosimbiswa nemuenzaniso mizhinji. Nhoroondo yeI I. S. Nikitin yakapedzwa munaOctober 1861. Pazera remakumi matatu nemanomwe, munyori wenhetembo akafira muguta rake rekuzvarwa kubva pakudya. Ichi chirwere muzana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe chakanzi hachina kupora. Akavigwa Ivan Nikitin akanga ari muguta rekumakuva, kwete kure neaakamutangira Alexei Koltsov. Rufu rwusati rwaitika rwevheirironi yaVeronezh rwakanga rusingaoneki munyika yeRussia nyanzvi. Pamusoro pezvinhu zvinosuruvarisa kubva ku Voronezh, dzakawanda maguta ezinyorwa zvakapindura nematambudziko. Kufarira kwemuverengi mumabasa emunyori akakura. Mamwe mapepa ake epakutanga emhete uye prose zvakabudiswa zvakare mumabhuku makuru. Uye mabhuku matsva akabudiswa. Kuyeuka mutetembi kwakange kusina kufanira muguta rake rekare mune zita reimwe yezvikwereti. Akapiwa zita rokuti Nikitinskaya. Muna 1911, yakanga iri chivako kune mumwe munhu wepamusoro wekodzero kubva kuBeronezh anotenda.