Sei kumira? rutsoka kwevanhu pfupa anatomi

The rutsoka ine yakaderera chikamu rezasi richiripo. Mumwe kumativi ayo, uya anouya kunyorerana pasi pamusoro, anonzi chete, uye pakatarisana, rokumusoro - musana. A chinjwa, kwakavharwa nenyama uye kusanduka chivako ane convex yokufeva kumusoro ndiye mira. Anatomy uye chimiro ichi chinoita kuti vanokwanisa rokuparadzira giravhiti, kuderedza ukapisa murwi kana achifamba, kuti ajairane hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka, vabudirire gait kumeso uye kwakavharwa nenyama yakamira.

It anoita nokutsigira basa, anotakura yose kurema munhu uye pachiimbwa dzimwe rutsoka kunoita muviri muchadenga.

rutsoka mapfupa

Sezvineiwo, tsoka dzevanhu dziri kota zvose mapfupa muviri wake. Saka, mune rutsoka rimwe pane mapfupa makumi maviri nezvitanhatu. Dzimwe nguva zvinoitika kuti rusvava ane zvinopfuura mapfupa shoma. Dzinonzi nopindirana uye kakawanda regai kukonzera dambudziko wayo.

Kana dzaparadzwa mapfupa yose mashandiro ari rutsoka uchatambura. kwevanhu rutsoka mapfupa anatomi ine mumapoka matatu anoti: weTaso, metatarsus minwe.

Wokutanga Chikamu ine mapfupa nomwe, dziri akarongwa misara miviri: kumashure iri rinoumbwa talus uye calcaneus, uye pamberi - of navicular, cuboid, uye nhatu achikanganisa.

Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane mapfundo iyo batanidza navo pamwe chete.

Anatomy of petsoka rinosanganisira metatarsus, izvo zvinosanganisira shanu pfupi mapfupa tubular. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane nechigadziko, musoro uye muviri.

minwe All, kunze thumbs, vane phalanges nhatu (huru mbiri). Vose vari yekudyidzana kutapudzwa, uye pamusoro muduku nomunwe pakati phalange vanhu vakawanda merges pamwe chipikiri.

rutsoka majoini

kwemajoini anatomi rinomiririrwa maviri kana kupfuura interconnected mapfupa. Kana voparadzwa kurwara, zvino pane kurwadziwa simba. Pasina kwavari, muviri haana kukwanisa kufamba, nokuti achionga majoini mapfupa anogona kuchinja nzvimbo hama kune mumwe.

Panyaya wenyaya yedu mubereko tibia anatomi norutsoka, uye vagari unobatanidza rezasi gumbo pamwe rutsoka. Rine ginglymoid chimiro. Kana zvaparadzwa anofamba, ndoda kumhanya achaita marwadzo. Naizvozvo, munhu anotanga kukamhina, akatakura huru uremu akuvara gumbo. Izvi zvinotungamirira kuti hurongwa vaviri maoko nemakumbo kuputswa.

Chimwe hanya ari achazoburuka, kuti subtalar vadyi achiumbwa neshure pose chitsitsinho riine rwemberi pechiso talus. Kana yakawandisa vachishandisa kutenderera rutsoka kwakasiyana-siyana hazvishandi zvakanaka.

Asi Wedge-navicular vadyi anogona, kusvika pamwero wakati, aripire dambudziko iri, kunyanya kana zviri pfupi. Pakupedzisira, zvisinei, zvingava pathological.

Kurwadziwa, izvo zvinogona kutakura kwenguva refu hunhu, rinowanikwa muna metatarsophalangeal majoini. The guru kufurira weveta proximal phalanx yacho thumbs. Saka chinonyanya kubatwa zvichibvira zvokurwara - arthritis, gout, uye zvimwe zvinhu.

Mujinga ndemamwe majoini. Zvisinei, zviri izvi zvina raigona sei zvikuru, sezvo vane matambudziko mukuru kana kufamba.

Tsandanyama uye mapfundo norutsoka

Chikamu ichi anatomi anomiririrwa nemapfumbamwe siyana tsandanyama, nokuda kukurukurirana iyo tsoka anogona kufamba. Overvoltage kana nekusiyana, underdevelopment akaratidza mavari nokuda anogona kuchinja nzvimbo mapfupa nemarunda, uye kuita pamusoro mapfundo. Ukuwo, kana mapfupa kuti chinhu chakaipa, ipapo richaita sei tsandanyama norutsoka.

Anatomy of pabazi chinosanganisira plantar uye gumbo tsandanyama.

Nemhaka yokutanga zvinofamba zvigunwe. Tsandanyama iri zvakasiyana mirayiridzo, kubatsira kuchengeta longitudinal uye transverse namaberere.

chinangwa ichi kushumirwa, uye mupambare tsandanyama, nemarunda vari vasiyana mapfupa tsoka. Ndiwo mberi uye posterior tibial, peroneal refu. Kubva mapfupa gumbo kuchibva avo unbend uye vanokunga nezvigunwe. Zvakakosha kuti tsandanyama vave rwakatambanudzwa gumbo uye netsoka. Anatomy of yokupedzisira achapiwa nani kuratidzwa pane kana vanongogara vagadzikana mamiriro, sezvo zvimwe tsoka anogona deredza, zvichiita kuti sandara tsoka.

Nemarunda nemarunda

Tsandanyama dziri kurerekera mapfupa achishandisa nemarunda, izvo kuenderera yavo. Vane Zvinokosha zvakaisvonaka, kuchinja uye chiedza. Kana iwe ruoko tsandanyama kusvika pokupedzisira simba iri chakasvitswa kuti mudzira, izvo zvinogona kuva anorwadza kana wakanyanya rwakatambanudzwa.

Nemarunda vari munyama kuchinja, asi inelastic. Vari chiri kumativi pejoinhi, kuramba nayo uye unobva mapfupa. Pamusoro kubatsira munwe Somuenzaniso, zvinokonzerwa edema ruchatambanudzirwa kana chakabvamburanyiwa shwashwa.

shwashwa

Shwashwa chinofukidza kumigumo mapfupa ari pamwe nzvimbo nzvimbo. Unogona kuona izvi zvinhu chena pachena pamicheto yehombodo mapfupa huku gumbo - ndiwo shwashwa.

Pamusana kwaari, pfupa hukawanika vane mvere chitarisiko. Pasina shwashwa, muviri haana kukwanisa kufamba zvakanaka uye mapfupa vanofanira kuva imwe vakanga nokugogodza. Kuwedzera, kunzwa kurwadziwa zvinotyisa nokuda kwavo kugara kuzvimba.

kweropa maitiro

Netsoka, pane dorsal tsinga uye posterior tibial. Ndicho chikuru tsinga, uko kunomiririrwa netsoka. Anatomy of kweropa gadziriro iri anomiririrwa arteries madiki kuti ibudise ropa uye ipapo kunyika nyama yose. With kukwana kupa okisijeni matambudziko atorwe. arteries aya kubva mwoyo zvikuru. Naizvozvo, kuparadzirwa zvirwere kuitika zvikurukuru munzvimbo idzodzo. Izvi zvinogona kuratidzwa atherosclerosis uye arteriosclerosis.

Munhu wose anoziva kuti mutsinga kutakura ropa pamwoyo. The chakarebesa wavo dzaidzidziswa napagumwe roruoko iri yose nechomukati pechiso makumbo. Zvakanyorwa kunzi mukuru saphenous tsinga. On kunze duku saphenous pemipata. Anterior uye posterior tibial iri zvakadzama. mutsinga Small vakabatikana vanounganidza ropa kubva makumbo uye paanopfuura kuti guru. arteries Small yakazara ropa tishu. A capillaries chokuita arteries uye mutsinga.

Mifananidzo inoratidza anatomi norutsoka. Photo inoratidzawo nzvimbo midziyo ropa.

Avo vane matambudziko ropa kuparadzirwa, kazhinji kunyunyuta kwokuonekwa masikati pakazvimba, kunyanya kana nguva yakawanda yakanga yakawandisa tsoka kana mushure nendege. Kazhinji pane chirwere chakadai varicose mutsinga.

Kana makumbo ako pane kuchinja ruvara rweganda uye tembiricha, uyewo ndiripo mumatenhere, zviri pachena zviratidzo kuti munhu ane dambudziko kweropa. Zvisinei, chirwere tinofanira chero zvazvingava akaisa nyanzvi uyo unofanira kugadzirisa kana anoona pamusoro zviratidzo.

tsinga

Tsinga wokushandura nezvekufadza zvose kuti uropi uye tsandanyama kuzvidzora. The rakafanana iri zvipere. Anatomy pamusoro masangano aya anoratidzwa mairi marudzi mana posterior tibial, peroneal yakadzika, asingafungi peroneal uye sural tsinga.

Chirwere muchikamu ichi maoko nemakumbo zvinogona kukonzerwa kukwirira zvokuimba kumanikidzwa. Tsinga compression anogona Somuenzaniso, pedyo neshangu, zvichikonzera kuzvimba rinooneka. Izviwo, kuchaita kuti kufurirwa simba, chiveve, kurwadziwa kana chinoshamisa kunzwa kusagadzikana.

mabasa

Kamwe kudzidza anatomi norutsoka, sechivako vamwe nhengo dzaro, unogona kuenda zvakananga kuti mabasa ayo.

1. Nemhaka kwayo mufambo, munhu anogona kuchinja nyore kune hukawanika siyana pamusoro iyo inofamba. Zvikasadaro, hwaizodai kuita, uye iye angadai rawa.

2. The muviri anogona kuzununguswa kwakasiyana-siyana: mberi, padivi uye shure.

3. Vazhinji mutoro wefodya uyu kunyanya chikamu gumbo. Zvikasadaro, ungadai akasika kumanikidzwa akawandisa dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri, uye yose.

Rakajairika zvirwere

zvirwere zvakadai sandara tsoka angatanga kana ndakagara mararamiro. Hazvina transverse uye longitudinal.

Muchiitiko chokutanga riri flattened transversal Arch uye forefoot hunogara pamisoro metatarsal mapfupa (mu inowanzotorwa mamiriro, inofanira kuvakirwa chete nezuva rokutanga uye wechishanu). Kana yechipiri flattened ukuwo, longitudinal yokufeva, nokuda iyo yose sole ari kuonana pemvura. In ichi chirwere, makumbo kuneta nokukurumidza uye akanzwa kurwadziwa rutsoka rwake.

Chimwe chirwere wakajairika chemajoini yacho neketani rwakashodoka. Muchiitiko chino, pane marwadzo, kuzvimba, uye crunch munzvimbo iyi. Kukura chirwere kukuvara shwashwa, izvo zvingaita kuti joini wakarebesa.

No ishoma chearthritis zvigunwe. Muchiitiko ichi pane nyonganyonga ropa kuparadzirwa uye muviri pezvakaitwa ari metatarsophalangeal mapfundo. Zviratidzo chirwere - chinhu marwadzo kana uchifamba, crunching, munwe kuzvimba, uye kunyange unogona kukanganiswa anatomi pamusoro minwe norutsoka (deformation).

Vanhu vazhinji havazivi akazvionera chii munhu dhumhira mujinga napagumwe roruoko. The yepamutemo dzokurapa Mamiriro inonzi hallux wakarebesa, kana musoro kunoita mapfupa phalangeal. Panyaya iyi, tsandanyama simba zvishoma nezvishoma uye thumbs vakatanga kuvimba kuti rutsoka vamwe uye akaremara.

Chikamu ichi anatomi repasi muzvidimbu rinoratidza zvayo yokusiyana uye dzichipfekeka kukosha. The kudzidza nemamiriro rutsoka unoita kuti zvakawanda zvinyoronyoro kuti mafungiro aro, kudzivisa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana.