Yelizarov chechechi: tsananguro, nhoroondo, zvinonakidza zvinhu uye wongororo

Pakati dzemamongi tsvene, patsva kuupenyu pashure pemakore hanya, vakatangazve masvingo upenyu hwechitendero uye yelizarov chechechi, aichimbova pamberi chimurenga, mukono. Mazuva ano, akapa akatendeseka nemasisita kutsvaka ruponeso rwemweya uye vakatendeka vose, ivo akasiya munyika. Pazuva refu uye zvakaoma nzira zvaiyambuka akagara ichi tsvene ichava nyaya yedu.

Long rwendo mumongi Euphrosyne

Maererano nengano, yelizarov chechechi, riri panyika maviri navasere makiromita kubva muPskov, rakaumbwa muna 1425 kuzvininipisa mumongi Snetogorsk wemamongi Euphrosyne, vaitakura zita waEriazari munyika. Zvinozivikanwa kuti akaedzwa zvikuru mutemo waMwari. Nomutauro wake musha Videlibe kubva vaduku kudzidza kuverenga nokuverenga Magwaro, sezvo makore akakura, akatora yemamongi mhiko uye zvose vakasununguka kubva mukuteerera nguva yavaipedza mubasa wemamongi muraibhurari.

More kusvika kutanga nguva rokushumira yemamongi abbot akamuropafadza kuenda mhiri kwegungwa kuConstantinople, akanga achigere vawira pasi Turkish ushe, uye ndiyo nzvimbo nyika Orthodoxy - the Rome Second. Ikoko kwaiva ndinzwirwe Mutsvene Fathers kujekeswa dzimwe tsika nyaya dzakaoma kunzwisisa, nyaya makakatanwa pakati pehama.

Kuita rwakaoma nzira uye kusvika kwavaienda, kuti mumongi Euphrosynus kufanira kunoitwa Patriarch weConstantinople, uye pavaitaura naye akabata zvose, nokuti chii akatumwa. Achiita saizvozvo vatakanzi nayo nokuteerera, akadzivirira naMwari, iye achifara akadzokera yemamongi yake, apo akaudza hama zvaakanga adzidza mhiri kwemakungwa.

Vision yakaratidza kuti mumongi

Zvadaro zvaidiwa Euphrosynus kudzai Ishe pustynnozhitelstva Feat, iyo, wakati akumbira maropafadzo abbot (pasina hazvibviri), ndakaenda kudondo mumiti pedyo Lake muPskov, apo zita Creek mumupata yakakamurwa kupinda pamatavi maviri. Ikoko, pachako danda sero mufaro, akavapa kuna ichangogadzwa kuzvarwa munamati munyengetero uye kufungisisa waMwari.

Asi pasina zvakanyorwa kuti chakavanzika pasi pedengu mwenje nokutenda. Akadirana achienda kumba kwake vose vanoshuviwa, vachisiya nyika maturo, kuti kushumira Jehovha. Nokukurumidza, sezvo ngano vanotiudza, aiva Euphrosynus chiratidzo. Muchiroto akajeka akazviratidza kwaari Multi akachenjera vatsvene - madzibaba Orthodox uye akarayira kuvaka yakafara dondo mudenhere rayo temberi yaMwari uye kuti asimbise naye ndokugarapo. Maererano chavo akaberekwa yelizarov chechechi.

achiva yemamongi

Kuishandira akaisa hama, korchuya dondo uye kubvisa nzvimbo dzine chokuita zvose hurongwa anodiwa wemamongi. More basa mutengo uye kuvaka kereke. Asi zvose mamongi ndakagara nenyasha dzaMwari, uye nokukurumidza pakati nemipaini Panyanzvi miti kudenga masvingo aro. Akanga vagadzwe vachikudza Muponesi, Ishe Jesu Kristu. Found pedo wemamongi uye yepasi vanoitisana, regai skimp pamusoro mipiro. bounties dzavo nehama akavaka dzimba dzakawanda, uye akawana upfumi.

Chavainyanya kuda kwaiva kushumira Mwari uye kukura pakunamata, umo vakatora muenzaniso dzamadzibaba tsvene, vakakudza Ishe vakawanda zvakapembererwa kutenda. Kuva kuva abbot pakati wemamongi nheyo naye, Euphrosynus akawana yakawanda navo, izvo pakupedzisira achange kwasvika kutanga wemamongi idzva, inini mubasa emakore yakawanda nemiedzo, asi harisati rapera kubva panyika.

Mukuru kakasaririra pakati wemamongi hwaponeswa mu masvingo aro mufananidzo Amai vaMwari, chipo kubva Patriarch weConstantinople Gennady II. Akashanda sokuratidzwa chamazuva, izvo akapfuura yeRussian Church pashure munin'ina wake kuwa pasi Turkish scimitars Byzantine.

mukuru Filofei

Shure kwenguva uye rwakaoma nzira Euphrosynus akaenda Ishe pazera remakore makumi mapfumbamwe nemashanu asati afa, achitora yemamongi zita waEreazari. Vachikudza ichi, uye iye akavamba uye akatumidza iripo kusvikira muPskov yelizarov chechechi. The upenyu uye Ushumiri anozviramba akava zviyo rakanaka wawira yakaorera pasi, uye akawedzera vaizotevera dzamadzibaba vatsvene vaibate masvingo wemamongi.

The kupfuura ihwai ndiwo mukuru Filofei - pakutanga, akataura basa guru vanhu vokuRussia wayo muchinangwa njodzi Orthodoxy. Zviri kwaari mushure kubatwa weConstantinople nokuda vokuTurkey ndezvaJehovha mashoko vasiye kutenda kwechokwadi, Jehovha akaisa donhwe the Rome First - Empire, yaita rechiLatin manyepo, uye pashure pacho rechipiri - Byzantium, akapinda mubatanidzwa kunaka pamwe Latins (mubatanidzwa). Kubva zvino zvose mutoro kuchena Orthodoxy inowira Russia. Akavimbisa Mwari ave Third Rome, uye wechina zvichange zvisisipo.

Yelizarov chechechi munzira dzakawanda vakashumira chinokonzera kubatana munyika Russian dzakapoteredza Moscow, achiva centre yavo yomudzimu uye achiunganidza mukati mamasvingo ayo pundits zhinji. Zvakare, nyika yose vakanzwa inzwi Filofei mutana vaitsigira Grand Duke of Moscow nesimba rake uye nokudaro akaisa mumaoko ake itsvo ari hombe wehurumende.

Humwe upenyu chitsvene yokugara

Muna 1574 zvakanzi akavaka huru neKijuni wemamongi - the Cathedral of Three Hierarchs. Akanga vagadzwe Achikudza Vasiliya Velikogo, Grigoriya Bogoslova uye Ioanna Zlatousta, maiva kamwe muchiratidzo St. Euphrosynus uye akarayira kusika ichi tsvene yokugara nzvimbo.

Mumakore akatevera, miedzo yakawanda vakatambura yelizarov chechechi (muPskov). Tichifunga napedyo muganhu, iye anoramba vakarwiswa nokuda Poles, Lithuanians uye wokuLivonia Knights. Kakawanda kare yaparadzwa uye vakapamba, asi nguva imwe neimwe minyengetero hama akadurura pamusoro pake tsitsi dzake Ishe, uye akararamazve yemamongi upenyu pakati vachiri kuputa matongo.

In weboka XVIII uye XIX emakore yelizarov chechechi kakawanda kukasawedzerwa pamwe nezvimwe vagari, aparadza vamwe chikonzero kana zvimwe dzemamongi. Nhamba huru mamongi vaibva yaimbova Velikopustynskogo Kuchinja Monastery uye Glinsky gwenga.

Kuzivikanwa mabasa ose wemamongi abbot Yuvinaliya, musoro yemamongi wokupedzisira pre-echimurenga kumwedzi. basa rake nesimba pamusoro vakuru wakatangwa, yekudyidzana zvakawedzera uwandu vagari nekereke mabasa ose mukare ukuru. Mumakore aya, ane kakawanda mueni wemamongi kwave Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna, rave akaita kwaro coffers norupo mipiro.

Makore hanya uye rima romudzimu

Mushure Bolsheviks vakauya simba, kana kutenda akatora mhuri youmambo uye nyika yakanga yatyora nheyo chaizvo kwerutendo, pakati pezvimwe dzemamongi mutsvene yakaguma uye yelizarov chechechi. Muna muPskov nharaunda kusvikira 1925 yakaramba chete rinoita temberi yemamongi Church, kubva izvo panguva katatu kukosha achitorwa, ostensibly kubatsira kuziya. Nokukurumidza, zvisinei, uye rakanga yakavharwa. Vakawanda mamongi ose wemamongi vakapfurwa pasina kutongwa. Muna 1918, vakanga kupfeka ngoro kuendeswa musango. Hakuna havamuki akadzoka.

Kuedza kuvakazve wemamongi Panyanzvi nzira

Yemamongi Zvivako zviremera vakaramba vakaedza kuwana kushandisa, asi nguva imwe neimwe yakaguma kukundikana. Mukupera maviri, rakaparadza wemamongi akapfuura mumwe masangano ose muPskov, asi pashure kukundikana kuchinja zvidzidzo mukuvaka chakasakara, vadzidzi nevadzidzisi nokukurumidza akasiya naye.

Ingloriously yakapera uye sangano panguva wemamongi wakanaka zvokurima - hapana wakasimwa akaomesa anoramba kukura. Shure kwaizvozvo aimbova kanoverengeka chechechi vakachinja varidzi, vari kuramba kuparadzwa nguva dzose. Munguva pfupi hurumende itsva yakanga yaparadzwa kuti mamongi akasika mabasa kwemazana emakore akawanda.

Dzokera Church

Pashure emakore akareba hanya, wemamongi akanga akararamazve kuti upenyu pakupera kwezana remakore, asi nguva ino somunhu nunnery. Muna May 2000, mutemberi yake yakatanga vakaita episcopal hofisi, uye rakanga kutanga nhoroondo itsva vaishungurudza, asi akadzokera vanhu temberi. Nokuropafadzwa kwake Holiness Patriarch seizvi Alexy II, prioress pa Holy Elizarovsky chechechi akagadzwa sisita Elizabeth (Belyaeva), chakavakwa mumakore mashanu kusvika pachinzvimbo chevatatu abbess.

Chechechi basa hwokudzorera mberi kwenguva refu kwazvo, nekuti panguva paakadzokera Chechi dzose dzaichimbova zvivako zvaiva hafu-vashatisa chete Church Trehsvyatitelsky, pamapatya muviri, zvakare yasakara, uye dzimwe zvimedu rusvingo rwematombo.

Anokosha rubatsiro yemamongi akanga academician dd mumakore iwayo Likhachev, pachake nyaya gurukota Culture aine chikumbiro nokuda hurumende ichiisa mari kugadziriswa uye vachiuya uyu zvikuru vanokwanisa unyanzvi. Nemhaka yake kuita uye achibatsirwa vagari nomumwe, uye nhamba masangano voruzhinji, akabudirira pfupi inobvira nguva kuunza nenzira yakakodzera kuti vachiri pasi apore uye kudzokera kuvanhu Muponesi Elizarovsky chechechi.

Reviews vechinamato uye vashanyi

Tiine kumutsidzirwa yemamongi basa wemamongi yakasvika zviuru yake vatendi, avo vari uyo mupenyu chido midzi pakunamata, kubvira panguva yakare kudya mweya vanhu Russian. Outorwa muna Mutsvene Elizarovsky chechechi ose gore kuva uye kwakapararira zvikuru. Vanhu vanoenda kunamata nzvimbo yaro tsvene, ramakagadzwa anokosha ndiwo kunoshamisa mufananidzo cheTheotokos, "Theodore" uye "Tsaregradskaya" uye "Muponesi Elizarovsky".

Vatendi vazhinji vaya chete kutsvaka nzira kuchechi, kushanyira wemamongi, vachisiya zvinyorwa zviri zvikuru akagadzirirwa bhuku rino kana kugoverana zviitiko pamusoro Websites. Vazhinji vavo anyore kufara ake navo nhoroondo mupenyu kweRussia, pfungwa uko ijeke nekuvongwa Tours yakarongwa outorwa yemamongi basa.

In Wongororo zhinji akaona professionalism kuti vatungamiriri, Kusuma akasvika wemamongi nhoroondo uye zviitiko refu-vaenda kare, zvapupu uye kuti aizova mapati. Chinhu chikuru kuti anomanyira yakafanana dzvuku rakakoshwa yenhau vakawanda vechitendero ndiko kutenda vose avo vane basa ravo ukavandudzwa kuupenyu iri rinokosha kakasaririra wokuRussia Orthodoxy.