Sergius we Radonezh - biography. Sergius weRadonezh ndiyo makore 700. Kubvumira kwaSergius weRadonezh

Vazhinji vedu tinoziva kuti Sergius weRadonezh ndiani. Hupenyu hwake hunonakidza kuvanhu vazhinji, kunyange kuna avo vari kure nechechi. Akateya Utatu hweMonastery pedyo neMoscow (ikozvino ndiyo Utatu-St Sergius Lavra), akaita zvakawanda kuChechi yeRussia. Saint aida zvikuru nyika yaamai vake uye akaisa simba rakawanda mukubatsira vanhu vake kuti vararame matambudziko ose. Isu takadzidza nezvehupenyu hwemuoni kuburikidza nemashoko ezvinyorwa zvevadzidzi vake nevadzidzi. Basa reEpiphany Wane Musoro, rine musoro unoti "Upenyu hwaSergius weRadonezh", yakanyorwa naye pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi15, ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yekuziva nezvehupenyu hwevatsvene. Zvimwe zvinyorwa zvose zvakazoonekwa gare gare ndezvokuti, mune zvizhinji kwazvo, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvayo.

Nzvimbo uye nguva yekuzvarwa

Zvechokwadi hazvizivikanwi rini uye kupi nzvimbo yemberi mutsvene yakaberekwa. Mudzidzi wake Epiphanius Muchenjeri muhupenyu hwemunoni anotaura pamusoro peizvi nenzira yakanyanyisa. Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanotarisana nechinetso chakakomba chekududzira ruzivo urwu. Somugumisiro wekudzidza mabhuku echechi yezana remakore rechina reXIX uye zvinyorwa zvitsvene zvakasimbiswa kuti zuva rokuzvarwa raSergius raRadonezh rinowanzove musi waMay 3, 1319. Ichokwadi, dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofanirwa kune mamwe mazuva. Nzvimbo chaiyo yekuzvarwa kwemukomana Bartholomew (anonziwo mutsvene mupasi) haazivikanwi zvakare. Epiphanius the Wise anoratidza kuti baba vemangwana ramangwana vaiva Cyril, uye amai vake vainzi Maria. Vasati vatamira kuRadonezh, mhuri yacho yaigara mumutungamiri weRostov. Zvinotendwa kuti Monk Sergius weRadonezh akaberekerwa mumusha weVarnitsa muRostov. Pakubhabhatidzwa, mukomana akapiwa zita rokuti Bhatoromeo. Vabereki vake vakamutumidza zita remutumwa Bartholomew.

Vana uye zviratidzo zvekutanga

Mumhuri yevabereki vaBartholomew maiva nevanakomana vatatu. Hero yedu yaiva mwana wechipiri. Vakoma vake vaviri, Stefan naPeter, vaiva vana vakangwara. Vakakurumidza kudzidza ruvara, vakadzidza kunyora nekuverenga. Asi Bhatoromiyo haana kudzidza zvachose. Hazvina mhosva kuti vabereki vake vakamutuka zvakadini, uye mudzidzisi haana kuedza kufunga, mukomana uyu aisagona kudzidza kuverenga, uye mabhuku matsvene akanga asingakwanisi kunzwisisa. Uye zvakare chishamiso chakaitika: kamwe-kamwe akadzidza tsamba yaBhatoromeo, saint saint Sergius weRadonezh. Hupenyu hwake hunoratidza kuti kutenda munaShe kunobatsira kukurira sei matambudziko ehupenyu. Dzidziso yakanaka yejaya iri kuverenga nekunyora mu "Hupenyu" hwake Epiphanius Wane njere. Anoti Bhatoromew akanyengetera kwenguva yakareba uye akaoma, achikumbira Mwari kumubatsira kudzidza kudzidza nekunyora kuitira kuti azive Magwaro. Uye rimwe zuva, apo Baba Cyril vakatumira mwanakomana wavo kuti atsvake mabhiza okudyisa, Bhatoromiyo akaona pasi pemuti wemurume mutana mumucheka mutsvuku. Mukomana nemisodzi mumaziso ake akaudza vatsvene pamusoro pokusakwanisa kudzidzisa uye akakumbira kumunyengeterera pamberi paIshe. Murume akwegura akamuudza kuti kubvira zuva ranhasi kumukomana uyu aizonzwisisa zviri nani tsamba kupfuura vakoma vake. Bhatoromeyo akakoka mutsvene uyo kumba kwevabereki vake. Vasati vashanyira, ivo vakapinda muchitendero, apo mukomana akaverenga pisarema pasina kusaneta. Ipapo akakurumidzira nemueni wake kuvabereki vake kuti vafare. Cyril naMaria, vachidzidza nezvechishamiso, vakatanga kurumbidza Ishe. Paakabvunzwa nemukuru pamusoro pechinhu chinoshamisa ichi chinoreva, vakadzidza kubva kumueni kuti mwanakomana wavo Bhatoromeo akaiswa naMwari mudumbu raamai vake. Saka, Maria paakauya kuchechi nguva pfupi asati aberekwa, mwana mudumbu raamai vakashevedzera katatu, apo vatsvene vakaimba rutsigiro. Iyi nyaya yeEpiphanius Wuchenjeri yakaratidzwa mumufananidzo nemuenzi Nesterov "Chiratidzo cheBartholomew".

Kutanga kwekutanga

Ndezvipi zvakare zvakataurwa muhuduku naMonk Sergius weRadonezh munyaya dzeEpiphanius Wane Uchenjeri? Mudzidzi wevatsvene anozivisa kuti kunyange vasati vava nemakore 12 Bartholomew akacherechedza zvigaro zvakasimba. Musi weChitatu neChishanu haana kudya chero chinhu, asi pane mamwe mazuva aidya chete nemvura uye chingwa. Usiku, mukomana kazhinji haana kurara, kupa nguva yekunyengetera. Zvose izvi zvaiva nyaya yekupikisana pakati pevabereki vemukomana. Maria akanyadziswa nemitambo yekutanga yemwanakomana wake.

Tumira kune Radonezh

Nokukurumidza mhuri yaCyril naMaria yaiva varombo. Vakamanikidzwa kuenda kune imwe imba muRadonezh. Zvakaitika munenge muna 1328-1330. Panewo chikonzero chekusuruvara kwemhuri. Iyi yakanga iri nguva yakaoma zvikuru muRussia, iyo yakanga iri pasi pekutonga kweGoogle Horde. Asi kwete vatatari chete vakabva vapamba vanhu vemunyika yedu ine mwoyo murefu, vachiiisa kunze kwekudzivirira kwavo uye vachirwisa nguva dzose pamisha. VaTatar-Mongol Khans pachavo vakasarudza kuti ndeupi wevatongi veRussia kutonga mune izvi kana kuti hutungamiri. Uye iyi yakanga isiri muedzo kune vanhu vose kupfuura kupinda kweGold Horde. Mushure mezvose, "sarudzo" dzakadai dzaiperekedzwa nechisimba kuvanhu. Izvi zvinowanzozviudza iye Sergius weRadonezh. Nhoroondo yake yakajeka yekusateerera mutemo kwaiitika panguva iyoyo muRussia. Mutungamiri weRostov akapiwa kuna Mukuru weMoscow, Ivan Danilovich. Baba vomunguva yemberi vakazounganidza vakaendeswa nemhuri yavo kubva Rostov kuenda kuRadonezh, vachida kuzvidzivirira iye nevanoda kubva pakupamba nekushaiwa.

Upenyu hwemhepo

Apo kuberekwa kwaSergius weRadonezh kwaiva nechokwadi, hazvizivikanwi. Asi tine ruzivo rwakarurama rwezvakaitika kare pamusoro pehuduku hwake noupenyu hwouduku. Zvinonzwisisika kuti, achiri mwana, akanyengetera nomwoyo wose. Paakanga ava namakore gumi nemaviri, akasarudza kutora mhiko dzenyika. Cyril naMaria havana kuramba izvi. Zvisinei, vakagadzirira mamiriro ezvinhu kumwanakomana: iye anofanira kunge ari monki kunze kwekufa kwavo. Mushure mezvose, Bhatoromeo akava musimboti chete uye kutsigirwa kwekare. Panguva iyoyo, hama dzaPetro naStefan vakanga vatowana mhuri dzavo uye vakagara vari voga kubva kuvabereki vakwegura. Pasina nguva zvakange zvakakodzera kumirira mwana: nokukurumidza Cyril naMaria vakafa. Vasati vafa, ivo, maererano netsika yekanguva iyo muRussia, vakatora kutanga mhiko dzechivi, ndokubva vanyura. Mushure mekufa kwevabereki vake Bartholomew vakaenda kumusha wematunhu we Khotkovo-Pokrovsky. Ikoko akagamuchira toniure yemunun'una wake Stefan, uyo akanga atova chirikadzi nenguva iyoyo. Munguva pfupi paiva nehama. Kutsvaga "zvakanyanyisa monasticism", vakagadzira denga pamabhandi erwizi Konchury. Ikoko, pakati peveve matsi Radonezhsky boron, muna 1335 Bartholomew akagadzira kereke duku yehuni, yainzi zita reUtatu Hutsvene. Iye zvino munzvimbo yaro ndiyo kereke yekereke muzita reUtsvene Hutsvene. Hama Stefani vakakurumidza kuenda kuMonastery yeEpiphany, vasingakwanisi kurwisa nzira inofadza uye yakaoma zvikuru yehupenyu musango. Mune nzvimbo itsva, iye achazove hegum. Uye Bhatoromiyo, akazara ari oga, akadana mhembere Mitrofan ndokutora mhiko dzekusimudzira. Iye zvino akanga achizivikanwa seMoreki Sergius. Panguva iyoyo yeupenyu aive nemakore makumi maviri nemaviri. Nenguva isipi machoni akatanga kukwira kuna Sergius. Panzvimbo yechechi, imba yemamongi yakaumbwa, iyo nhasi inonzi Utatu-Sergius Lavra. Baba Sergius vakazova wechipiri abbot pano (Mitrofan ndiye wekutanga). Izvo zvinodzidzisa vadzidzi vavo muenzaniso wekushingaira kukuru nekuzvininipisa. Mutongi Sergius weRadonezh haana kumbobvisa chipo kubva kune vechechi pachake uye akadzivisa vatenzi kuti vaite izvi, achivakurudzira kuti vararame chete nezvibereko zvemavoko avo. Kubwinya kwemuzinda wevatemberi nebhabb yake yakakura ndokusvika muguta reConstantinople. Patriarch Philoofey ane ambassy chaiyo akatumira St. Sergius muchinjikwa, schema, paramamende uye tsamba yaakapa mutero kuna abbot nokuda kwehupenyu hwakanaka uye akamukurudzira kuti ataure mafirimu mumamoni. Kutevera izvi kurudziro, hegumen yaRadonezh yakatanga chikwata-chechi mumusangano wake. Gare gare yakagamuchirwa mumatunhu akawanda eRussia.

Kushumira nyika yebaba

Sergius weRadonezh akaita zvakawanda zvakakosha uye zvine mutsa kunyika yake. Zuva rekuberekwa kwemakore mazana manomwe rakapembererwa gore rino. DA Medvedev, sa purezidhendi weRussian Federation, yakasaina chirevo pamusoro pekupembererwa kwechiitiko ichi chisingakanganwiki uye chakakosha kumativi ose eRussia. Sei izvi zvichifananidzirwa kuhupenyu hwevatsvene pahurumende? Mamiriro makuru ekugadziriswa uye kusagadzikana kwenyika chero ipi zvayo kubatana kwevanhu varo. Izvi zvakanyatsonzwisisika munguva yakafanira naBaba Sergius. Izvi zvinoonekwa zvakare kune vezvematongerwo enyika nhasi. Inonyatsozivikanwa pamusoro pekuchengetedza rugare rwevatsvene. Nokudaro, avo vakazviona vakati Sergio mune unyoro, mazwi anyerere aigona kuwana nzira yekuenda kune mwoyo wemunhu chero upi zvake, kushanda pamwoyo yakaipa uye yakashata, achikurudzira vanhu kuti vave norugare uye kuteerera. Kazhinji vatsvene vaifanira kuyananidza makakatanwa. Saka, akakurudzira machinda evaRussia kuti vabatane, vachikanda kurega kusagadzikana kwose, uye kuzviisa pasi pesimba rekuchamhembe kweMoscow. Izvi zvakabva zvava mamiriro makuru ekuregererwa kubva pajoko reTatar-Mongol. Sergius weRadonezh akaita chikamu chakakosha mukukunda kwevaRussia muHondo yeKukokovo . Hazvibviri kutaura muchidimbu pamusoro peizvi. Mukuru Duke Dmitri, uyo akazowana zita rezita reDonskoy, akauya kune mutsvene pamberi pehondo kunamatira uye kumubvunza mazano, hondo yeRussia ingashora vasingadi Mwari. Horde Khan Mamai akaunganidza hondo isingambofungidziri kuti kamwe chete uye yose ishumire vanhu veRussia. Vanhu vomunharaunda yedu vakange vane kutya kukuru kwakavharwa. Mushure mezvose, hakuna munhu akakwanisa kurova hondo yevavengi. Venerable Sergius akapindura mubvunzo wechinda ndokupindura kuti kudziviririra Amaiamai yaiva chiito cherudo, uye akamuropafadza nokuda kwehondo huru. Kuwana chipo chekufanoona, baba vatsvene vakafanotaura Dmitri kukundwa kweTatar khan uye kudzokera kumusha kusina kubhadharwa nekubwinya kweununuri. Kunyangwe apo Guru Guru akaona hondo isina simba isina simba, hapana chakawirwa maari. Aive nechokwadi chekukunda kweramangwana, uko iye pachake akaropafadzwa naMonki Sergius.

Idzimba dzemamongi vatsvene

Gore raSergius raRadonezh rinochengetwa muna 2014. Kunyanya zvikuru mhemberero pamusangano uyu inofanira kutarisirwa mumatemberi nemamatare akavakwa naye. Mukuwedzera kune Utatu -St. Sergius Lavra, mutendi akavaka mahedheni anotevera:

• Blagoveshchensky muguta reKirizhach munharaunda yeVladimir;

• Vysotsky monastery muguta reSerpukhov;

• Staro-Golutvin pedyo neguta reKolomna mudunhu reMoscow;

• St. George Monastery parwizi Klyazma.

Munzvimbo idzi dzose dzedzimba dzevadzidzi vadzidzi vaSergio vatsvene vakava abbots. Nekudaro, vateveri ve dzidziso dzake vakagadzira vanopfuura mamiriyoni makumi mana.

Zvishamiso

Upenyu hwaSergius weRadonezh, hwakanyorwa nemudzidzi wake Epiphanius Wane Huzi, hunotaura kuti munguva yake mutongi weUtatu-Sergius Lavra akaita zvishamiso zvakawanda. Zvishamiso zvinoshamisa zvakaperekedzwa nemutsvene muhupenyu hwake hwose. Yokutanga yeiyi yaiva yekuda kwekuzvarwa kwake kunoshamisa. Iyi inyaya yevakachenjera pamusoro pokuti mwana ari mudumbu raMaria, mai vevatsvene, vakashevedzera katatu panguva yeitirgy mutemberi. Uye yakanzwika nevanhu vose vari mairi. Chishamiso chechipiri ndiko kudzidzisa kwemukomana waBartholomew kuti averenge nekunyora. Yakatsanangurwa zvakadzama pamusoro apa. Iyo inozivikanwawo pamusoro pekuti diva yakabatana nehupenyu hwetsvene: kumutswa kwevechidiki neminyengetero yaBaba Sergius. Pedyo neimba yemamende aigara murume akarurama akange ane kutenda kwakasimba muna mutsvene. Mwanakomana wake oga, mukomana muduku, akanga achirwara. Baba vari mumaoko avo vakaunza mwana kunzvimbo tsvene yeimba kuna Sergius, zvokuti akanyengetera kuti awanezve. Asi mukomana akafa apo mubereki wake akataura chikumbiro chake kuna abbot. Baba vasina kuvhiringidza vakaenda kundogadzira bhokisi kuti vaise mutumbi wemwanakomana wavo maari. Uye St. Sergius akatanga kunyengetera nomwoyo wose. Uye chishamiso chakaitika: mukomana akaerekana ava mupenyu. Apo baba vaishungurudzika vakawana mwana wavo ari mupenyu, akawira patsoka dzevatsvene, vachirumbidza. Uye baba vacho vakamuraira kuti amuke kubva pamabvi ake, achitsanangura kuti kwakanga kusina chishamiso pano: murume wechidiki uyu ainge aine chimiro uye aine simba apo baba vake vakamutakura kuenda kuimba yemamende, uye akadziya moto muchitsiko chinyoro ndokutanga kufamba. Asi murume uyu haana kunyengetedzwa. Akatenda kuti Mutsvene Segiyosi akanga aratidza chishamiso. Mazuva ano kune vazhinji vane chokwadi vanopokana kuti Mufundisi akaita zvishamiso. Tsanangudzo yavo inobva pane zvakasikwa zvenyika yekodudziri. Zvichida kuti munhu ari kure nekutenda muna Mwari achasarudza kusaisa pfungwa pazvinhu zvakadaro nezvezvishamiso zvevatsvene, paakawana imwe, tsanangudzo inonzwisisika. Asi kune vatendi vakawanda, nhoroondo pamusoro pehupenyu uye zviitiko zvose zvine chokuita naSergio zvine basa rinokosha, rokunamata. Semuenzaniso, vazhinji vemachechi vanonyengeterera kuti vana vavo vadzidze tsamba, vakabudirira kupedza miedzo yekuendesa uye yekupinda. Mushure mezvose, mukomana Bhatoromew, ramangwana Saint Sergius, haana kukwanisa kunyange kutora zvidzidzo zvekutanga pakutanga. Uye kunyengetera kwekushingaira kuna Mwari kwakatungamirira kukuti chishamiso chakaitika apo mukomana aishamisa kuverenga nekunyora.

Kukwegura uye kufa kweMonk

Hupenyu hwaSergius weRadonezh hunotiratidza kusati kwamboitika kune kushumira kuna Mwari uye Baba. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti akararama kusvika pakukwegura kwazvo. Paakange avete pamubhedha wake wechipfuva, achifunga kuti aizouya pakarepo kutongwa kwaMwari, akapedzisira achishevedza hama kuti dzirayiridzwe. Vadzidzi vake, akakurudzira, kutanga, "kuva nekutya Mwari" uye kutakura vanhu "rudo rwechokwadi uye rwechokwadi pasina unyengeri." Mutungamiri uyu akafa paSeptember 25, 1392. Akavigwa muUtatu Cathedral.

Kunamata kweMonk

Hapana humwe uchapupu hwakanyorwa hwepanguva uye pasi pemamiriro api ezvinhu vanhu vakatanga kutora Sergio semunhu akarurama. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuti mutariri weTrinas monastery aive pakati pevatsvene muna 1449-1450. Zvadaro, mumutsamba weMetropolitan Jona kuenda kuDmitry Shemyake, chivako cheChechi yeRussia chinodana Sergius Mufundisi, achimuisa sevashandi vezvishamiso uye prelates. Asi kune dzimwe shanduro dze canonization yake. Zuva raSergius raRadonezh rinochengetwa musi waJuly 5 (18). Nezvenyaya iyi inotaurwa muzvinyorwa zvePachomiya Logofet. Mavari iye anorondedzera kuti nezuva iroro zvinyorwa zvevatsvene vakuru zvakadzorerwa. Munhoroondo yose yeUtatu Cathedral iyi shrine yakasiya masvingo ayo chete kana iine ngozi huru kubva kunze. Nokudaro, moto maviri, wakaitika muna 1709 uye muna 1746, wakabvisa kubviswa kwezvinyorwa zvevatsvene kubva kumusha wemamongi. Apo maRussia mauto akasiya guta guru panguva yekupinda kwevaFrance vakatungamirirwa naNapoleon, zvakasara zveSergius zvakatorwa kunzvimbo yeimba yeKirillo-Belozersky. Muna 1919, hurumende yekutenda kuna Mwari yeU.SR yakabudisa chirevo pamusoro pekutsauka kwezvinyorwa zvevatsvene. Mushure mekunge izvi hazvisi mhaka yezvipo, zvasara zvakatamirwa kuSergiyevsky Historical uye Art Museum semuenzaniso. Panguva ino, zvinyorwa zvevatsvene zvakachengetwa muUtatu Cathedral. Kune mamwe mazuva ekuyeuka kweaakakosha. Svondo 25 (October 8) ndiro zuva raSergius raRadonezh. Iri ndiro zuva remharidzo yake. Uyewo yeuka Sergius 6 (19) July, apo vatongi vose vatsvene voUtatu-Sergius Lavra vanokudzwa.

Temberi mukuremekedzwa kweMonk

Mumwe wevatsvene vanoremekedzwa zvikuru muRussia kubva kare kare ndiSergius weRadonezh. Hupenyu hwake hwakazara nehuchokwadi hwekushumira pasina kuzvipira kuna Mwari. Vakawanda vetemberi vakatsaurirwa kwaari. MuMoscow chete mune 67 vavo.Pakati pavo ndiyo temberi yaSergius yeRadonezh muBibirevo, kereke yaSergius yeRadonezh muchitemberi cheVa Vysokopetrovsky, temberi yaSergius ye Radonezh mu Krapivniki nevamwe. Mazhinji awo akavakwa muzana remakore XVII-XVIII. Kune machechi akawanda uye makedhedrals munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeamai vedu: Vladimirskaya, Tula, Ryazan, Yaroslavl, Smolensk nezvimwe zvakadaro. Iko kune dzimwe nyika dziri mhiri kwemakona uye nzvimbo tsvene dzinovakwa mukukudza kweutsvene uyu. Pakati pavo, kereke yaSt. Sergius yeRadonezh muGoli muSouth Africa uye nehosi yaSergius yeRadonezh muRumia, Montenegro.

Mifananidzo yeMurevereri

Zvinokosha kuyeuka mifananidzo sezvo vazhinji akasikwa kukudzwa musande. Mukuru nomufananidzo wake - chiri nezvakarukwa kwechidzitiro yakaitwa XV remakore. Zvino ari sacristy yoUtatu-rwacho Segiyo Lavra. Chimwe chezvinhu nomukurumbira anoita Andreya Rubleva - "Icon of St. Segiyo pakati Radonezh", iro rine 17 inoratidza zviri Life of musande. Akanyora pamusoro zviitiko chokuita Rector Mutsvene Trinity Monastery harisi chete mifananidzo asiwo mifananidzo. Pakati vemifananidzo Soviet pano nekusiyanisa M. V. Nesterova. Anozivikanwa basa rake: "Proceedings pamusoro Sergiya Radonezhskogo", "Youth St. Segiyo," "Vision of Young Bartholomew".

Sergiy Radonezhsky. Brief Biography naye hakugoni kuudza sei murume anoshamisa aiva, zvakadini akaitirei nyika yake. Naizvozvo, isu nezvezvakanaka upenyu vatsvene, mashoko iyo vanobviswa kunyanya kubva basa mudzidzi wake Epiphanius vachenjeri.