Temberi yeUtatu yeHupenyu-kupa paSparrow Hills. Chechi yeUpenyu Hutsvene-kupa Utatu

Zvakanaka sei kune nzeve iyo mazita eMoscow Semiholme, Luzhnikovskaya bend, rwizi Smorodina, iyo yakazova Mvura yeMoscow. Sparrow Hills (kana Mount Svarogie, kana Vorozhejskaya) ndeimwe yezvikomo zvinomwe Moscow iripo.

Kuka kwetemberi paSparrow Hills

Pano, pamagwenga ekumusoro kweTeploostankinsky Upland, Chechi yeUtatu yeHupenyu-kupa paSparrow Hills iri paRwizi rweMoscow, iyo iri kure kure neKremlin.

Musha wekare weVerobyevo, uyo wakatumidza zita racho kugomo, wakashandurwa na masters nekuda kwezvinyengeri, sezvakaitwa nechechi yeko, yekutanga kutaurwa iyo yakadzoka pakati pezana remakore rechi15. Zvadaro, muhafu yepiri yezana remakore rechi17, panzvimbo yekereke nhatu dzakadzurwa dzaivepo panguva iyo, imwechete yeChechi yeUtatu yakagadzirwa.

Chivako chiripo zvino chakatanga kuvakwa muna 1811, kuchengetedza zita raimbova zita, uye chechi yekare, nekuda kwekuparara kwayo, yakasvibiswa nekuraira kwaCatherine.

History of the temple

Hazvina mhosva ndeyekuti Chechi yeUtatu yeHupenyu kupa kupa Sparrow Hills ine nhoroondo yayo pachayo. Yakanga iri mutemberi iyo MI Kutuzov akapa munyengetero wake pamberi pemazita ainzi Council in Fili. Nenguva yeropafadzo panguva yekubatwa kweMoscow neNapoleon, kereke yakanga isingakuvadzi, muna 1813 kupera kwayo kwakaguma. Muvakiriti A. Vitberg, munyori wepurojekiti, akavaka chivako mumutambo wekupedzisira kwechipiri - Empire. Imwe-yakagadzwa, ine quadrangular base uye aisles, yakange yakashongedzwa nemirasi pachigadziko. Chechi yeUtatu yeHupenyu-kupa paSparrow Hills ine bheri mbiri yakasimba.

Yakagadziriswa muna 1858 uye muna 1898, mushure meOctober Revolution, inogona kutaurwa kuti yaigara iri pangozi yekuparadzwa-chimwe chinhu chakawedzerwa, chimwe chinhu chakanga chakaiswa, chimwe chinhu chakanga chichivakwa, uye nharaunda yechechi yaigara ichidiwa. Asi isu tinogona kutaura kuti kuguma kwemuitiro wechitendero ichi kunofara-kupona mumoto weMoscow muna 1812, usina kuparadzwa muSoviet era, yakadzivisa kubvumirwa kwebhero kuridza, kuiswa munharaunda yeguta guru. Zviri pachena, mune izvi zvose zviitiko basa rinokosha rakaitwa nechepakati kubva kure.

Chimiro chetemberi

Chechi yeUtatu Inopa Upenyu paVorobyovy Gory ine mavhesi maviri akazvitsaurira kuna Sergius weRadonezh naNicholas Chishamiso-Mushandi. Kumatemberi echechi iyi imifananidzo miviri yakakurumbira yaamai vaMwari - "Passionate" uye "Denga rakaropafadzwa", pamwe nemifananidzo yakawanda yematemberi.

MuMoscow, kereke dzakawanda dzeTroitsk nemachechi, anowanzoiswa pamazuva ezororo rechechi. Nokudaro, chero temberi yeUtsvene Hwekupa-Utatu hwakatanga kuve yakakosha pazororo rino guru - Utatu, kana Pentekosti, rimwe remakore gumi namaviri matsvene. Imwe yenzvimbo dzakanakisisa uye dzakasununguka dzinobata nhasi. Zororo iri rinosanganiswa nemafuta, uye kukunda kwechando pamusoro pechando. Zvichida ndicho chikonzero matenga ehutatu machechi akaiswa muvara. Zvakanaka chaizvo! Mune dzimwe shanduro inonzi inofananidzwa sechinhu chisina kuchena chebhuruu uye chikoro. Munyaya iyi, inofananidzira kuberekwa kwemweya kuburikidza nekupa uye mabasa akanaka. Mukuwedzera, ndiwo muvara waSt. John muevhangeri. Nguo yake inowanzotema.

Ichokwadi chechechi yeOstankino

Temberi yeMoscow yeUtatu-Hupenyu Hwekupa muOstankino inewo denga remavara akasiyana-siyana uye inonakidzawo. Inovakwa pamagumo ezana remakore re XVII, ndicho chikuru chebasa revatenzi veMoscow uzorochya. Kubva pane zita rinogona kuonekwa kuti chimiro ichi chakazara nezvinhu zvekushongedza. Paiva nezvinhu zvose-uye zvinyorwa zvekuoma kwakaoma, chimiro chechivakwa chakanga chiri, sekutonga, chinyaradzo chisingaenzaniswi, chimiro chakanga chakasiyana nemhando dzakakomba uye yakawanda yekushongedza. Mifungiro pamusoro pematangiro emufananidzo wacho anowirirana, inoshorwa kunyange mumitambo yakakweretwa muWest. Chimiro chechiitiko ichi chekuvakwa kweRussia, kereke yeOstankino, yakagara kwemakore anoda kusvika 300 - kubva panguva apo, mukutsinhanisa chechi yekare yemapuranga, nemaropafadzo eMutungamiriri weMoscow, yakasarudzwa kuvaka dombo reTrinity Church. Musha weOstashkov (iye zvino Ostankino) waiva mukuru mukuru wehofisi munzvimbo yeMoscow yevaridzi veminda zvikuru kwazvo - machinda eCherkassy. Iyo huru yekugara inzvimbo yakanaka yechechi! Akapfuura mumugwagwa weTverskaya, unotungamirira kuTroitsko-Sergius Lavra, uye vose vanokudzwa, kusanganisira korona vanhu, vakagara kune vadzidzisi, vakashanyira temberi itsva. Akanga ane zvitatu, nzvimbo yaive yakatsaurirwa, sechechi yapfuura, kuUtatu Hwekupa Upenyu.

Iyo yakasiyana-siyana iconostasis

Icononostasis yechechi, yakatsaurirwa pamwe nechepakati chechipiri muna 1692, yakasiyana. Kubwinya kwacho kwakanga kusingawanzoitiki yeOrthodox zvivako zvechitendero, zvakajeka uye zvakanatswa, uye zvakanyanya kuyeuchidza nhengo. Urongwa hwemifananidzo, mapuranga avo, akasiyana uye asingadzokizve pane chimwe chinhu pakati pavo, zvose zvakanga zvisati zvamboitika uye zvinotyisa kushamisika nekuyemura. Nokufamba kwenguva, muridzi weOstankino anova Nikolai Sheremetyev, uyo akasarudza kuchinja chitarisiko chechechi uye iconostasis, achiwedzera mifananidzo itsva. Kuchinja kunotevera kwave kutogadzirwa nemwanakomana wake. Paiva nezvimwe zvishoma zvinyorwa, kunyanya, kusati kwasvika Alexander II. Asi muna 1875, pamwe nekudzorerwa kwakatevera, zvakasarudzwa kudzorera kereke kuonekwa kwepakutanga nekushongedza, ndokuzoita kuti ive chivakwa chekuvakwa kweRussia.
Panguva yeSoviet era, kereke haina kubviswa, asi yakapambwa zvachose. Kubva muna 1991 kusvika muna 1996, kutsveneswa kwematatu matatu echechi kunoenderana. Zvishoma nezvishoma, temberi inodzokera kune chinangwa chayo chepakutanga. Basa raMwari rakatanga mumakore makumi mapfumbamwe emakore apfuura. Mifananidzo yakawanda, yakachengeterwa pano - Imba yeTembere yeTestamente yeTestamente yekare uye yeChernigov yeve Amai vaMwari.

Temberi muHoroshevo

Chinhu chisina kufadza icho chakazoitika temberi yeUtatu Hwekupa Upenyu muHoroshevo, yakagadzirirwa pane imwe nzvimbo yeBoris Godunov munzvimbo yake sechechi yemusha muna 1598. Munyori, nekufungidzira, Fedor Kon. Muzana remakore rechina reXIX, bhero rakagadzirwa uye refectory yakapera. Dzokorora uye uite kuti zvive zvakasiyana nedzimwe machechi zvakakosheswa zvakanakisisa kokoshniki pasi pe dome. Muzana remakore re XVII rakange rakashandurwa - mahwindo akawedzerwa uye bharaki rakashandurwa rikava gara. Mune nguva dzeSoviet Union, akaitwa kubva kune rimwe boka rekufambisa purazi, ipapo kubvunzurudzwa kwevana, uye kunyange akavezwa nepeti-imwe pende yakagadziriswa zvikuru - kokoshniki. Asi ikozvino mumakore makumi matanhatu ezana remakore rechi20 temberi yakadzorerwa, ichidzorera chimiro chepakutanga, kunyange chimwe chinhu chisingazogadziriswa (portals). Kubvira pamakore makumi mapfumbamwe nemana, mabasa eMwari akadzorerwa, kereke yakadzoserwa kune vatendi. Nzvimbo huru yekereke yekereke inonyanya kukudzwa kwechiratidzo chaamai vaMwari veGeorgia, chifananidzo chakazara chaSt. Nicholas Wonderworker, Icon ya Amai vaMwari weKazan.

Nguva yebasa

Purogiramu yeChechi yeUtatu Zhyznachnaya inosanganisira purogiramu yakajeka uye yakajeka yebasa, iyo inosanganisira minyengetero nevapristi. Ikozvino, nguva chaiyo yekugadziriswa kwemitambo yese yekereke uye maitirwo inofanira kuratidzwa, nokuti kutora mifananidzo yakaremekedzwa zvikuru, somuenzaniso, chiratidzo chaamai vaMwari veGeorgia, vanhu vanounganidza kwete chete kubva munharaunda yose, asiwo kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo.