Valaam Monastery. Muponesi-Kuchinja kweValaam Monastery

Murume stavropigial Valaam monastery, iri pazvitsuwa zvezvitsuwa zveValaam, inokwevera vafambi vakawanda vanoda kugunzva shrines yeOrthodoxy. Izvo zvinoshamisa zvisingawanzoki zvechimiro, kunyarara uye kurega kubva kune zvisikwa zvenyika zvinosiya pfungwa isingakanganwiki kune vose vashanyi venzvimbo ino tsvene.

Nhoroondo yehuyo hwemamoni

Munharaunda yekuchamhembe kweLadoga Lake (Karelia) iri muzvitsuwa zvemahombekombe, inenge dzinenge makumi mashanu zvitsuwa, nzvimbo yacho inenge makiromita 36 makiromita. Km. Chikuru chazvo ndicho chitsuwa chikuru cheValaam. Chimiro chechi nzvimbo ichi chine kunaka kunoshamisa uye kwakasiyana-siyana kunokanganisa vashanyi vose vanoenda kuchitsuwa chacho. Asi hachikoti nzvimbo iyi yakanaka chete kunzvimbo ino yakanaka. Hutsvene husinganzwisisiki yezvimbo ino ndiyo inonyanya kukurudzira vatashanyi vanoda kushanyira imba yemamongi.

Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanonyanya kufarira zuva racho - 1329, zvichiratidza kuti gore rino chigaro chetsvene chakarongwa. Valaam Monastery yakadzokororwa zvakare nemoto uye kuparadzwa, semugumisiro wezvinyorwa zvakarasika zvakaratidza nhoroondo yezvakaitika pamusoro pekusangana kwehupenyu hwemhondi munzvimbo ino. Somugumisiro, mumazuva edu kune matanho matatu ekuberekwa kwevahedheni veValaam, inosanganiswa nechitarisiko chiri pachitsuwa chemamoni maviri: St. Sergius naHerman weValaam, avo vakapararira pano kutenda kweOrthodox uye vakaisa hwaro hwekutsvaga kwechihedheni.

1. Maererano nemitemo yemamoni, inoratidzwa mumagwaro ezvinyorwa zvekare, muzana remakore rechigumi vaviri vatongi vechiGiriki (Sergius naHerman) vakasvika pachiwi ichi nechinangwa chemamishinari chekujekesa Russia yechihedheni. Vagadzika pachitsuwa chacho, vakagadzira imba yemamongi uye vakasimbisa kutenda kwaKristu mune zvikamu izvi.
2. Imwe shanduro inoratidza kuti Sergiyo aiva mudzidzi waSt. Andrew, uyo akashanyira uye akaropafadzwa muzana remakore I aya nzvimbo tsvene, achitarisa pano kukura kwechiKristu. Sergio weValaam pamwe nemudzidzi wake Herman akarwisana neValaam, akaisa nzvimbo yakaorera pano nokuda kwekupararira kwechiKristu.
3. Maererano neSophia mupumburu sezvakanyorwa zvakanyorwa kare, muzana remakore rechiXIV mahedheni okutanga akagara pachiwi, uyo aida kurega zvisina maturo zvenyika uye kuita chiKristu chine nzvimbo ino. Reverend Fathers - Sergius naHerman, Valaam Wonderworkers, vakauya munyika ino, vachiisa kutanga kwechitemberi che Preobrazhensky pachiwi cheValaam. VaMonks vakakurudzira kuumbwa kweOrthodoxy munyika yeKarelian, kudzivirira chitendero chechokwadi kubva kune vanoita zvechisimba uye vane utsinye hweSwedish Catholic. Murevere vatongi Sergius naHerman muna 1329 vakatanga nheyo yeMuponesi-Chigadziro chekushandura nehostele pachiwi, iyo yakatanga kuva yakakura nekuda kwesimba remweya uye uchenjeri hwevakiki varo.

Iheyday of the monastery

Mukurumbira mukuru kwazvo wakauya kumataresi chete muzana remakore re XV-XVI. Mune nguva iyi maiva nevagari vanosvika mazana matanhatu. Vanyori veIndamende yeValaam vakashanda zvakaoma uye vakaita munyengetero mumasvingo emakero nemasero. Nokudaro, mhonari yakatanga kuwana mukurumbira wenyika yose, ichikwevera vakawanda vafambi vanoenda.

Imwe nyanzvi yakanga yakananga kumucheto weRussia neSweden, nekuda kwezviitiko zvakawanda zvakaparadzwa uye kuparadza. Nemhaka yekurwiswa nguva dzose, vagari vakawanda vakafira kutenda kubva kune dzimwe nyika, asi vamwe vatongi vakatizira pasina kupa mauto.

Pakutanga kwezana remakore re XVII imba yemamoni yakaparadzwa zvachose uye yakaparadzwa, uye nyika dzezvitsuwa zvakatorwa neSweden. Izvo chete mushure memakore zana, semuenzaniso weGreat Northern War yaPeter I, Valaam zvakare anodzokera kugwenga rake rekuzvarwa. Muna 1715, Emperori akabudisa mutemo pamusoro pokudzorerwa kwevahedheni nekuvakwa kweTransfiguration Cathedral.

Statute yemunamato

Muzana remakore rechigumi nemana, nekuda kwekushingaira kwaBaba Superior Nazaría, imba yemamata yakagamuchira Mutemo wakasimba weimba yemamata (iyo gwaro rerenje reSarov rakatorwa semuenzaniso). Chigadziro chinotarisirwa zvikamu zvose zvehupenyu hwevagari vemo, vachiratidza zvitatu zvehupenyu hwemhonasi: iyo hermit, monastery uye dormitory. Zviratidzo zvakanga zviri pazvitsuwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvitsuwa, zvichipa hama hama mukana wekushanda kure. Pasi peHegrimen Nazarii kuvaka dombo kwakatanga pachitsuwa ichi: Chechi yePeter nePaul Paul yakagadzirwa (1805) uye bhishopi rechipatara reBegorodichny "The Spring-giving Spring". Mukuwedzera, bhero rakakwirira rine urefu hwemamita 72 rakagadzirwa.

Akagara mu XIX yezana remakore

Valaam Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery yakasvika pakakwirira muzana remakore rechi19. Yakanga iri panguva iyi iyo dzakawanda zvivako zvekuvakira zvakasara kusvikira nhasi zvakavakwa. Muna 1839, mutungamiriri wemamatari aiva Hegumen Damaskin, uyo akapedza makore makumi maviri nematatu munzvimbo iyi. Akaita kuti kuve nekuvandudzwa kwevakavaka pachitsuwa ichi, kunongobatanidza vadzidzisi vezvigadzirwa chete.

Muzana remakore iro, nekuda kwevadzidzi vaPaisius Velichkovsky, tsika yekare yevakuruti yakamutswa, yakagadzirirwa rubatsiro rwemweya uye kutungamirirwa kune vatongi vatsva. Vafambi vazhinji, vachitsvaka mazano, munyengetero nemaropafadzo kubva kuvanhu vatsvene, vakauya kumusha wemamende kubva kure.

Kwete vanhu vasinganzwisisiki vakakurumidza kushanyira mahedheni ematemberi nematemberi. Nhengo dzemhuri yeumambo dzaigara dzichiuya pachitsuwa ichi, vachitarisira kuvhara mweya yavo kubva munyika isina maturo. Vanyori vakawanda vanozivikanwa, vanyori, masayendisiti, vanyori uye vanyori vaitsvakawo kushanyira Valaam.

Nguva yeSoviet Power

Kubvira muna 1811 kusvika muna 1917, zvivako zveValaam zvaive chikamu cheMambo weRussia, guru guru rekuFinland. Kutenda kwekuti shure kwegore raOctober Revolution Valaam vakatamira kune hurumende yehurumende yeFinland, zvivako zvechechi hazvina kuparadzwa zvachose nevakuru veSoviet, saka zvivakwa zvekare zvakachengetedzwa.

Somugumisiro wehondo yeSoviet-Finnish, zvitsuwa zvakazova nzvimbo yeSoviet Union. Vatiza kutambudzwa mune zvezvematongerwe enyika uye zvinoratidzira, vatongi vacho vakamanikidzwa kubva muimba yemamiti, vachitamira kuFinland. Pano, munzvimbo itsva, vakateya nhesi yeNonvo-Valaam, kuchengetedza tsika dzakasimbiswa. Zvivako zvisina chinhu zvekare kare vedamende veValaam zvakashandiswa nevakuru veSoviet nekuda kwechisarudzo chevanhu. Kubvira muna 1950 kusvikira muna 1984 mune zvivakwa zvekare zvechikepe zvakanga zviri Valaam House yevasingazivi veHigh Patriotic War.

Kuvandudzwa kwemuzinda wemamende

Muna 1989, manheru emutambo waSt. Andrew wekutanga-ainzi Valaam, hupenyu hwemhonasi hwakavandudzwa. Muna 1991 mhondi yakagamuchira chimiro che stauropegic. Hegumen yemamatare akasarudzwa Pankraty (Zherdev), bhishopu weTroitsky. Mazuva ano musha weValaam unowanikwa nevanhu vanenge 160 vehama, hupenyu hwemarasita hurizve hurizve hupenyu - 10 mifananidzo yakadzorerwa kwenguva pfupi. Muna 2008, musha mutsva weSt. Vladimir wakavakwa, umo maMutungamiriri wekugara, musamuziyamu uye chiratidzo chekuveza pamusangano.

Mafambiro anotarisa kuValaam

Basa rekufambisa kweValaam Monastery rinoronga rwendo rwezuva rimwe uye mazuva mazhinji kuenda kuchitsuwa ichi neimba uye kugara muhotera. MaOrthodox echiKristu, achiita pilgrimage, vanogona kutora chikamu munharaunda yezuva nezuva yemasangano ezvitendero uye vanozvibatanidza kuzvitendero zvechiKristu. Isu tinopawo nzvimbo dzekuona nzvimbo dzakapoteredza chitsuwa kuitira kuti tidzidze vatashanyi nemhando, nhoroondo, masvingo nematemberi eValaam.

Shrines yeValaam

Vazhinji veOrthodox vaKristu vanoshuva kushanyira musha wemamende weValaam, iyo kona yekumusoro yekunamata yeRussia, kuitira kuti tibate matembere uye kuona kunaka kwezvisikwa zvepakutanga. Imwe yenzvimbo dzakashanyirirwa zvikuru paValaam ndiyo Tendamende yeTransfiguration. Kuvakwa kweKathedral kwakatanga muna 1887, uye kutsveneswa kwakaitika muna 1896 chete. Pasi pesimba reSoviet, chivako chacho chakanga chisina zvimwe zvekugadzirisa matanho. Guru rezasi rechechi yeRoma rinotsveneswa mukukudza kwaSergius naHerman weValaam, uye kumusoro-mukukudzwa kweKushandurwa kwaIshe.

Kutenda vaOrthodox vafambi vanoedza kunamata zvinyorwa zvevakiki veimba yevatemberi - vatsvene vetevere vedzimba vaSergius naHerman veValaam. Kanzira ine shrine iri muTransfiguration Cathedral.

Imwe yematunhu akakwirira zvikuru eimba yemamoni ndicho chiratidzo chinoshamisa chaamai vaMwari (Valaam), chakanyorwa nemumwe mutumwa Alipius muna 1878. Chimwe chiratidzo chinoshamisa chemuzinda wevatemberi ndicho chiratidzo chevatsvene vakarurama Anna, nyanzvi yaKristu, iyo yakanyorwa kubva kuAtonite script uye ane zvigadziro zvekuporesa kubva pakushaya vana.

The Choir of the Brotherhood of the Valaam Monastery

Nechikomborero chaVladika Pankratia, bhishopi weTroitsky, kambani yemafambirano yemakadhi eimba yevahedheni veValaam yakarongeka. Mutungamiri wenheya nemutungamiriri Alexei Zhukov mutambi wekodzero yeRepublic of Karelia. Vanyori vemuzvikamu izvi, vaongorori vanoongorora uye vanodzidzisa, vanoratidzira hukuru hwemabasa ekushanda. Gore negore iyi inyanzvi inopindira muPatriarchal Divine Services yeValaam Monastery, inofanirwa nemakwikwi akawanda emakorra muRussia uye kune imwe nyika.

Pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwemakonti, kune choir yehama dzeValaam Monastery, iyo inowanzoita mhando dzemabhanhire. Nzira yekutungamirirwa neHerodheacon Herman (Ryabtsev) inobatanidzwa mumabasa eumwari, uye inoitawo basa remakonti, ichipa zvinyorwa zvakasiyana zvekubatana kana mapurogiramu emabasa ekugadzirwa kweRussia yekare. Iri boka revaridzi rinosiyaniswa nenzira yakasiyana-siyana yekushanda - yakachena, yakasimbiswa, hurongwa hwakanaka, kupindira kwakadzika uye kutendeseka.

Mune repertoire yeimbaya, pane dzakawanda dzechechi dzechirongwa chechirongwa, zvose chinyorwa chinozivikanwa uye mabasa eunyori. Valaam mumiririri anobata pamwe neDhipatimendi rekare reRussia kuimba yeSt. Petersburg Conservatory. Vadzidzisi vane rubatsiro rwakakura pakudzidza mhando yekare yemimhanzi yeRussia.

Mapisarema

IValaam Monastery inozivikanwa nemabasa ayo edzidzo. Muna 2000, pamwe nechikomborero chehegum, kunyorwa kwemavara emapisarema ose aMambo David kwakaitwa. Kuverenga Psalter kunotora maawa anopfuura mashanu uye kushandura pamwe nekuita mabasa emimwe minyengetero. The Psalter of the Valaam Monastery yakakurumbira kwete chete pakati peOrthodox yechiKristu, asiwo kune vose vanofarira tsika dzechechi yekuverenga zvinyorwa.

Monastery yeValaam Monastery

Nharaunda yevahedheni inharaunda yemunharasi, inogona kuva mune rimwe guta rebaba, panguva imwechete iyo iri kutarisira imba yemamende uye iri pasi pebhishopu wayo anotonga. Muponesi-Chigadziro cheValaam Monastery ine 4 metochion:

1. Nechejiyo yeVasam Monastery, iri muSt. Petersburg, iri pa: Narvsky pr., 1 / Staro-Peterhof v. 29.
2. Valaam Monastery - Moscow: kero yemamatare - st. 2nd Tverskaya-Yamskaya, imba 52.
3. Muguta rePoozersk mu farmstead iri pa: ul. Pushkin, imba 17.
4. MuRepublic of Karelia purazi inowanikwa muruwa rweTurisavala, musha weKrasnaya Gorka, St. Nicholas Church.