Shandiso dzehurumende: marudzi uye mabasa

Kuenzanisa kwevhudziro, pamwe chete nekuchengetedzwa kwezvivimbiso, pane zvakawanda zvakawanda. Ngationgororei nekunyatsorondedzera kusarudzwa kwevimbiso nemhando yehudzi. Maererano nezvayo, kune zvivimbiso zvehurumende uye zvisiri zvehurumende. Mari dzisina mari dzehurumende dzekutsvaga mari ndezvekuchengetwa kwezvikwereti zvakabudiswa nekambani-makambani emabhizimisi uye mabhengi emabhizimisi (zvikamu, zvivako). Dare rekuchengetedzwa kwehurumende ndeyekuchengetedzwa kwehupfumi hunobudiswa nehurumende, hurumende dzehurumende, hurumende dzenharaunda (zvikwereti, zvikwereti zvemari).

Hwose hurumende yehututi, chaizvoizvo, ine chikwereti chezvikwereti. Kunyange zvakadaro, humwe huviriro hunobudiswa nehurumende huine zita raro, somuenzaniso, mari yekubhadhara mari yemari, etc. Pakati pezvimwe zvivimbiso, hurumende dzehurumende dzinoita kuti hutano hwepamusoro huve hwakavimbika, huwandu hwematambudziko ekurasikirwa kwehutano uye huripo pane mari yakasarudzwa, mutero unofadza zvikuru (kana kunyange kusavapo).

Hurumende inogona kuzadzisa kukanganisa kwebhajheji pamutengo weCentral Bank, kubva munyaya yemari uye nekubudisa zvigumisiro. Kana hurumende ichienda kune rubatsiro rweCentral Bank, kukwanisa kutonga musika wemari chikwereti kunoderedzwa. Nyaya yemari inotanga kubhadhara inoreva kuti haina zvinhu chaiyo, izvo zvinozoita kuti zvigone kuwedzera uye kupesana mumari yenyika ino kuparadzirwa. Nyaya yehupfumi hwehurumende ndiyo nzira inobhadhara mari yekugadzirisa bhajeti.

Nheyo dzehurumende dzinogonawo kushandiswa kubhadhara chikwereti chehurumende, uye izvi zvinonyanya kukosheswa kupfuura kukwidza mari kuburikidza nemari yebhengi. Chikwereti chezvematongerwo enyika ehurumende yakawanda, uye kune vashandi zviri nyore kwazvo kuzvidhengesa pamusika wechipiri.

Dzimwe nguva hurumende yehupfumi inopa mabhizimusi ezvokutengeserana nemafuta. Kuti izvi zviitike, mabhengi anowedzera mari (inowanzowanzochengetedza mari) mune chimwe chikamu chehurumende-yakachengetedzwa. Zvitiso zvehurumende zvinopiwawo zvekubhadhara zvirongwa zvinoshandiswa nehurumende. Hurumende inogona kupa mvumo kune chikwereti chemitemo yemasangano ayo, maererano nemaonero ehurumende, akakodzera kutsigirwa.

Nyaya yekutengesa hurumende inogona kukonzerwa nekudiwa kubhadhara zvikwereti zvakatangwa nehurumende. Dzimwe nguva, hurumende ine mikana shoma pakati pemari uye mari inoshandiswa pamusana pekusawirirana munguva yekugamuchira kubhadhara kubhajheji uye kushandiswa kwemari kwehutano. Zvadaro hurumende inodzokera zvakare kubudiswa kwekwereti yehurumende.

Mamwe marudzi edziviriro akagadzirirwa kushandura kusawirirana kwemitero yemitero. Vatengi vezvivimbiso zvakadaro vanogona kuzvidzorera kuhurumende shure kwekanguva kana kubhadhara mitero kwavari.

Nheyo dzehurumende dzeRussian Federation dzinoratidza zvakanyanya zvenyika yedu, zviitiko zvebhadharo, uye panguva imwe chete, dzinobva pazvigaro zvakafanana zvekuvapo uye kushanda kwekambani yekuchengetedzwa kwevamwe nyika dzakasiyana. MuRussian Federation, maitiro ehupfumi hwehurumende anotsanangurwa neBhangi yeRussia neHurumende yeMari yeRussia. Zvose zvinowanzozivikanwa ndezvekuti: hurumende dzenguva-zero-coupon bonds (GKO), zvisungo zvekubhadhara mari yemari mari yakabhadharwa - yakabudiswa kubva muna 1993, hurumende yemabhengi ezvisungo nemari yakagadziriswa mari, zvibvumirano zvekweretesa mari yakagadziriswa kubva muna 1995, zvisungo zveBhange reRussia (OBR) E.