Sholem Aleichem: A Biography. Heart, dzingashandwa vanhu

Sholem Aleichem - yakwidzwa Jewish kuti vanhuwo vakatsinhanisa pamusangano. "Rugare ngaruve nemi" - ndicho zvazvinoreva. zita kwakadaro wenhema akasimudza rimwe munyori muduku uyo akanyora pamusoro vanhuwo mumutauro wavo - Yiddish. Usati Sholom Aleichem - munyori. Photo rinoratidza munhu kuboora maziso uye yakanaka yokufara akatsungirira nako pamusoro mapeji wake pfupi nyaya, novellas enganonyorwa.

udiki

Sholom Nohumovich Rabinovich akazvarwa muna 1859 mumhuri varombo Pereyaslavl pamusoro Ukraine. Ipapo mhuri akatamira kuguta Voronkovo, sapamazuva Ukraine. Childhood kuyaruka vane makore 13 mainini muchetura. In yechando, ari kuchitonhora, aiwanzoenda vakagara padare pedo neimba, apo akanga asingatenderwi. Zvino, kana akaswedera, kana kupa mberi, ipapo mukomana aigona kuchengeta navo yaisazoraramika mumba, apo paiva vashoma shoma makamuri pamwe pamibhedha vaenzi. Ipapo anogona vadziyirwe. Asi yechando kufamba vaeni vakapfuma vasiri kugara mumba coaching Nohum Rabinovich. Vanosarudza kuhotera Nahum Yasnogradskogo. Freezing Shalom anoda kuwana pfuma kuti akavigwa imwe nzvimbo muna Voronkove, uye ikozvino, mushure mhuri akaenda kusauka, ivo zvakare vanogara Pereyaslavl. Uye akagara Sholom huru varombo mumhuri apo paiva nehama nehanzvadzi, vana uye naamainini. VaJudha anoremekedzwa chikoro, ivo nguva dzose vaiva aitya nemafungiro bhuku. Saka, zvose, kunyange varombo mukomana akaenda kuchikoro (nokuti vasikana anonzi optional). Rokutanga "basa", akanyora, aiva mazita kutuka mainini kuti akaronga alphabetically. imba kuti anotarisa neni vaenzi Sholem Aleichem. Biography weekly vaiziva rake vanhu vakawanda vakanga zvino zvakaitika mapeji mumabhuku ake. Ndapedza chikoro, jaya kudzidza kukoreji uye vaida kuramba dzidzo yavo Zhytomyr paInstitute uye kuva mudzidzisi.

kutsvakatsvaka

Asi wechiduku Sholom Aleichem ane kuwana raramo. Unofamba-famba pamusoro guta duku, kushanda mudzidzisi. Naye pasina mhemberero. Kazhinji pane kupa mubhedha paburiro, uye ake nzara kunetsa wehondo uyo glares, haazombotaurwi patafura zvokudya. Usiku chinoitika kunyange tikabva nevana vaduku. Pakupedzisira Sholomu raki. Aiva nemakore 17 akanga ari mupfumi kwazvo imba, iyo inodzidzisa gumi musikana. Zvose zvakanaka. Asi, sezvo kakawanda akatsanangurwa mumabhuku, mudzidzisi uye mudzidzi vanotanga kuona mumwe rudo. Panoti baba vake, uyo ainyatsoziva vanhu. Saka kuda Sholem Aleichem. Photo anoratidza mutsa, asi dzisingashandi munhu. Nokukurumidza baba vomusikana akaziva kuti jaya hakuna tsinga entrepreneur. Kwakadaro vamwene hakushandi. kunyange akanaka mubatsiri ari hakushande nokuda muoni ichi chikuru. Saka, mhuri yose iri muchivande kusiya usiku. Uchimuka mangwanani, Sholem Aleichem, ane Biography anongoerekana achiita Spooky monyorora Iye anowana kuti akanga zvachose oga mumba. Akabva ari vakakurumbira nzvimbo muripo uye zvose. Where kutsvaka rudo, asingazivikanwi.

muchato

Shalom haisati gore rimwe tramping kuburikidza Ukraine, uchigere akanyengetedza zvavo kufarira run pamusha. Vakawanikwa pamusoro zvido vabereki vake. Uye makore maviri gare gare tezvara akafa, uye mhuri yechiduku 1885 rakanga rawa mhanza hombe. An asina mano mutambi panguva Kiev uye Odessa exchanges makore mashanu vakakurumidza kukanganwa nhaka zvose. Akanga asiri muzvinabhizimisi - nyore Sholem Aleichem. Biography wake, sezvinoita fungidziro muroora, enda mumwe nzira.

kuva munyori

Muna 1888, Sholem Aleichem pamusoro vakasara mari dzavo anotanga kuita kutsikisa mabasa. Hakachadhindwi kuunganidza kuoneka "Jewish People kuti Library". Akanga kutsvaka tarenda wechiJudha mhiri rakakura Russian, akavawana vari zvitoro, ari vanogadzira shangu dziri pamariro mumahofisi. Akaripira yakakwirira chaizvo mari uye logistical rutsigiro nevanyori vakwegura. Akatanga kunyora uye kubudisa pacharo. Out enganonyorwa ake "Stepien" uye "Iosel Nightingale." Uye muna 1894, anotanga itsva mukuru yokufungidzira "Tevye murume wemukaka" muupenyu hwake. Saka kuberekwa zvishoma nezvishoma Sholem Aleichem - munyori wechiJudha.

pogroms Jewish

Mumakore 1903-1905 pakati emunyori mhuri akararama upenyu akapfuma mune vemungano mari muKiev. Zviri makuru, ane vana vatanhatu. Uye kumaodzanyemba uye kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero nyika zvinotyisa sefungu pogroms Anti-Jewish. Vanhu vakashungurudzwa kusvika pakufa, vakatambudzwa. Innocent vanhu vanorohwa namabwe, nefoshoro, namasanhu, chibharo madzimai nevasikana. Kutinhira misha yevaJudha, zvitoro, akaparadza pfuma, akaparadza musinagoge, vakaparadza mabhuku matsvene. Uye mapurisa anyerere, sezvinonzi hapana chiri kuitika, uye kana zvaanoita zvishoma nezvishoma. Panguva iyi munyori vachishingaira anonyora mapepa, satires uye nyaya pfupi vakazvipira kurota zvinotyisa izvi ( "Gold", "Shmulik" "Joseph"). Kubva mhuri idzi rinotyisa munyori noupi kutanga kuSwitzerland uye ipapo United States. Saka anova nemudzungairi Sholem Aleichem. Biography leafs mapeji itsva.

mhiri kwemakungwa

nguva First kugara "munyika vakasununguka" kuenda zvakanaka. It touts sezvo muchisviniro vechiJudha, uye mabhuku American, uchizvienzanisa Mark Twain. Asi nokukurumidza akamira. Hazvina kutora gore, dzinowanza kumisa kudhinda zvayo idzva rinonzi "Boy Motl" uye munyori uye nemhuri yake kudzokera Russia.

musha

Money mumhuri imomo, uye munyori anoenda mukuverenga mabhuku ake munyika. Muna 1908, iye netibhii. Ane makore 25 mabhuku basa, iye aida uye akaonga, uye mabasa ake vari cashing vaparidzi.

njodzi Family. Uye vaJudha vose pamusoro nyika vari kurera mari yokutenga kodzero kuti bhuku mabhuku ake. Zvinokwanisika, uye vari chakasvitswa munyori. munyori Sick kuGermany kuti kurapwa. Ikoko anowana hondo yenyika. Iye nemhuri yake vakaendeswa kuRussia. Asi nokuda ruvengo kudzokera hazvibviri.

zvakare America

Pano achaita vanopedza makore maviri asati afa, vachitarisira kudzokera kumisha yavo uye kuti akavigwa pedyo baba vake Kiev. Ane vazukuru achikura. Bel Kaufman, uyo akanyora "Up ari Down manera" - rake muzukurukadzi, izvo akasiya zvakawanda inodziya kuyeuka sekuru vake. Muna 1916, American kure nomusha kufa Sholem Aleichem. Biography, nokupeta, akapera. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti uchavigwa pakokorodzano huru vanhu panguva kumakuva muNew York. Uye mabhuku ake kurarama uye verenga pasina zvishoma kufarira pane panguva vakanga zvakanyorwa.