Shona: vakawanda, mamiriro okunze, ikoroji uye zvinokwezva

Chechipiri pakukura Guta Saratov dunhu - Shona, uyo vakawanda zvinoratidza yakadzikama akanaka emuchina - ane dzinonakidza kare uye zvinokwezva. kugarwa vagari vanoti guta rine rakasiyana hunhu yayo, kuti tirarame mairi zvakanaka uye akafara. Kunyange zvazvo vagari Shona guta riri kusangana nhamba matambudziko nematambudziko sezvo chero guta Russia.

jogirafi

City Shona, iyo ine vagari tiri kuferefeta, chiri 7 km kubva guru dunhu - Saratov - pamhenderekedzo rimwe remasangano nzizi Russian - the Volga. guta ane nzvimbo 115 mativi makiromita. The yokugara riri kurutivi rwezasi-kumabvazuva East European Plain, vakasununguka guta nzvimbo nokuda kufamba, pasina makuru nenhongonya uye zvimwiro. Guta riri pamahombekombe mutsetse, iro rine munyoro kukwirira nechokumaodzanyemba. Altitude 15 metres kubva kumhenderekedzo kusvika yakakwirira kumaodzanyemba pa 40 mamita.

Location dzomumisha - rwezasi-kumabvazuva European Russia, kuti Lower Volga nharaunda. The kure guru kuna Shona ndiye 870? Km. Mundima guta yagara inozivikanwa dzinongoitika reserves. Hezvino zvimwe rinonyatsooneka dzinongoitika pevhu mvura reservoirs. Kubudirira kukura guta hwagara yakabva napedyo ane simba mvura zvekuvaka uye yokufambisa - the Volga. Kuburikidza gang ichi kuburikidza guta dzakawanda dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana, vane kunobatsirawo uwandu hwevanhu Shona akamhanya. Nhasi, chikuru chinhu rakatsiga reguta napedyo wayo guru nharaunda - Saratov.

Climate

The guta iri riri mapazi ose mwero Continental okunze. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanhu Shona ane ushamwari, kunyange kupisa, uye dzimwe nguva rakaoma yechirimo uye nekaupenyu chando chakanyanyisa. Seasonality mu raidudzwa. Kunze kazhinji kudziya muzhizha, mwedzi Hottest - July, kana avhareji tembiricha iri kumativi 22 Celsius, kuti lämpömittari kazhinji achisimuka 40 digits. Winter rakanyatsojeka chando, asi zvikuru frosts kazhinji kugara isingasviki vhiki - maviri. The coldest mwedzi - January, kana avhareji tembiricha iri munzvimbo -10 digits, asi pangava frosts kuti -20-25 inegumi.

Kwemvura Shona zvakakwana, avhareji mazuva 12-15 pamwe kunayisa mumwedzi. The driest mwedzi - April, ari wettest - August. Spring kunoratidzwa ne kakawanda fogs, yemanyorero kure-mwaka hahugari refu, pamusoro mwedzi pamusoro gumi okupedzisira ezana March kusvika gumi okupedzisira ezana April. Shona zhizha refu, zvisingagone kukundikana kufadza veko, izvozvo kunotora mukupera April kusvika mukupera September. Winters vari chando zvikuru uye kwenguva refu zvikuru. Snow pabutiro kakawanda yakaiswa pakazopera November. Shona guta Climate riri chaizvo kuti vagari, uye ichi ndicho chimwe chikonzero nei kugarwa kukwezva.

ikoroji

Pakutanga, Shona akanga yakachengeteka zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza mapazi. The yakapoteredza Mafuro, masango uye minda Itai zvinoita kuti upenyu. Munguva Soviet, huru maindasitiri mabhizimisi akawanda dzakavakwa "Khimvolokno" kleyzavod, nokuti kugadzirwa zvinhu zvenaironi chirimwa. Ndivo runako umene zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza pakanyorwa muguta. Asi munguva kugadzirisa zvinenge zvose izvi kugadzirwa dzakavharwa uye nhasi Shona, ane vakawanda haasisina vachinyunyuta pamusoro mhepo tsvina, ndiko guta zvikuru ngozi tichitaura ikoroji.

Shona somunhu dzinogarisana

City - iri imwe chipenyu ezvinhu. The dhigirii kunyaradzwa uye zvakanaka anosika preconditions kuti kukura kana kuderera nhamba vagari. Shona, ane vakawanda ari kukura zvishoma nezvishoma, ane zvakawanda zvinhu. Saka napedyo kuna Saratov - amachinda guta - rinobvumira guta kushandisa yakawanda yayo kwezvivako, zvakadai sokutenga uye varaidzo nzvimbo, zvoutano uye dzidzo. Cities dzakasiyana matatu Volga mabhiriji uye vakawanda chokufambisa pakutengeserana.

izvi zvose zvinoita kuti musha rakasiyana: Chine runako kamuri iri musha uye panguva imwecheteyo rinopa ose yaibvira guru. Shona vagari vanowanzoshanda uye kudzidza muna Saratov, kusvika muguta ravo manheru uye kwevhiki. Kunyange musha ane nhamba nzvimbo basa uye dzidzo yakakwana. Chokwadi chokuti vagari vasina nematambudziko kuwana zvose zvakafanira zvinhu uye mabasa, zvemagariro kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu hanya. Shona hwokuratidza patsime guru yakaramba kuonga kwayo duku kukura kunoita kuti nokukurumidza kuziva matambudziko. Ndiro guta iri nguva mapazi "Moscow Time" pamwe chete nyika yose iri rakarambwa yezwi mumwaka nguva.

Shona simba nguva ndiyo chokufambisa kwezvivako dzaibatanidza ruwa kusvikira pakati, mabhazi iri kusimbiswa mumugwagwa Thalmann iri vamwe kufamba nemuchovha uye trolleys, asi nguva dzose basa ravo panzvimbo yakaderera. Asi nzvimbo zvose zvinogona kusvika netsoka, izvo dzimwe nguva kunogona kuva nyore, nokuti Shona akatambanudzira pamwe nemhenderekedzo. The undoubted mukana guta kusavapo anenge yakakwana kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa.

Pamutemo guta rakakamurwa mumatunhu matanhatu: Central, Volga, reclamation, mumhenderekedzo yegungwa, uye Plodosovhoz Awakening musha. Maruwa dzinosiyana ukuru nyaradzo mupenyu, maererano chokufambisa Accessibility nokuchengeteka. dunhu rimwe nerimwe rine kanenge imwe chikoro uye kukireshi, musha chinoratidza vakawanda mitema dzezvimwe.

Population Shona: kukura uye nesimba

The zvakanaka muguta, evanhu vanofungidzira rakatsiga kuwedzera kwenhamba mairi. Pari, nhamba yevanhu Shona riri anenge maviri namakumi maviri nezviviri vanhu. Zvingaonekwa of simba ari nhamba vagari vave inoitwa kubva 1897, apo paiva vanhu vanenge 20 zviuru. Kubvira ipapo, nhamba mbiri chete yakaratidza vasanyanye nhamba vanogara muna 2003 uye 2009. Vamwe guta riri kukura zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichiratidza kuti nderemagariro pane zvikuru zvinogamuchirika.

Shona akasika hwomutambarakede mamiriro ezvinhu zvipenyu uye ipapo nzvimbo itsva kushanda nguva dzose. Employment Center (Shona) anosarudza kuti kwemabasa mwero muguta iri kuchengetwa yakaderera pane yenyika avhareji. Munguva Soviet, avhareji mugari kukura kwakanga 3-4% pagore. Panguva nokubatanidzwazve mufananidzo vakawira 0.5%. Uye nhasi zviri kukura zvakare, uye avhareji 1.7-2%. Nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu vanotarisirwa kuramba kumhanya kukura , uye kunyange chiduku kuwedzera zvavo, zvichiguma makore mashomanana ane zvachose dimikira 230 zviuru vanhu. The arambe achirema zvokuwedzera ndiwo paavhareji (2075 vanhu pa sikweya kiromita), riri hwomutambarakede kugara.

Murwiyo vokuparidzira

evanhu kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu (Shona) ichi- monitors murwiyo chavagari kweguta. zvidzidzo zvavo dzinoratidza kuti vakadzi vakawanda. Zviri musha 98.800 varume vanenge zviuru 122 vakadzi. Age zvinoitwa guta anogona kunzi kune wechiduku uye kukura nemisha, pamusoro kota vemo ndohwaJehovha "kushanda-zera" muchikwata.

Nhamba yevana vanoberekwa muguta riri kukura. Zvisinei, zvakasikwa kuwedzera yevanhu muguta iri kunaka pamwero (-1.7 pa 1,000), saka simba rinomutsa kukura kunosimbiswa nemashoko vanotama, ane nhamba iri kuwedzera ose gore. The dzinza Zvinoumba Shona iri zvakakwana yunifomu. About 80% yevanhu - zviri Russian. Chechipiri nhamba urudzi - wechiTatar (anenge 3%), achiteverwa Ukrainian (2,5%), Kazakhs (1%), Armenian, Azerbaijanis nevamwe.

Employment Shona vokuparidzira

Low urovha rate vachiri hazvirevi zvizere basa Shona vagari. The kushanda vakawanda ndiyo vakawanda kudiwa huru maindasitiri mabhizimisi uye misha munyika guru pabhesi. Vanopa kushanda vacho varume vakawanda, vakadzi kuwana basa iri mvura kunogona kuva kwakaoma. Kudeuka nhamba havashande vakadzi kubva 30 kusvika 55 makore rurefu azvipire dzidzo. Yakagadzirwa kubvisa kwemabasa Employment Center (Shona). Jobs vakapa pano, vari anowanzodanwa chokuita ichizadza zvigaro panguva maindasitiri mabhizimisi nemakambani basa.

Zvinetso zvokuwedzera veguta

Shona, pasinei pfupi yakanaka Magariro, ane nhamba matambudziko kuti kuomesa upenyu vemo. Izvi zvinosanganisira urovha dzinoparadzana mhosva ezvinhu dzimwe nzvimbo muguta, munhu pasi azvipire mari. Maererano kuwedzera vemo mumakore achangodarika vane hasha pane dambudziko vakachengeteka kindergartens: Vana vose akakodzera chete 4 kwemakore akawanda. Zvisinei, matambudziko aya yaingowanikwa vagere yose, saka iri nyaya engelsity kurarama uyewo yose mamiriro. Shona shoma kunotenga centre (mbiri chete), uye varaidzo yokuitira, dambudziko iri nyore anogadziriswa rwendo Saratov, asi zvakadaro pane kunzwa kuti kazhinji guta vanhu havana chokuita.

History reguta

Pamutemo, guta zvino unobereka zita Shona, izvozvo akaonekwa 1747. Zvino rakavambwa nehurumende chindingindingi iri kugadzirwa munyu zvinodhura chaizvo uye sokuronga anokosha chigadzirwa. Panyaya iyi, Kesari akarayira "pamberi Saratov" kuisa yokugara itsva, iyo achararama uye soledobytchiki. Pakutanga, kwakaonekwa nhare kuti dzairinda mundima muArabhu, zvishoma nezvishoma guta rakakura uye dzakabudirira.

Dhorobha vakachinja mazita akawanda. Pakutanga rakatumidzwa Pokrovskaya Sloboda mukukudza yokutanga womuti Church of Kurevererwa Musikana. Temple Papera Akapisa, asi zita aramba. Muna 1854, kuti njanji yakavakwa kuti kugarwa, payo pave kukurumidza kukura pakati Intercession Sloboda. Zvishoma nezvishoma, chinova musika kumabvazuva Volga. Muna 1914, mumusha macho vakagamuchira muguta chinzvimbo uye akazozivikanwa Pokrovsky.

Settlement kanoverengeka vakapfuura kubva kuna Saratov mudunhu iri Samara uye shure muna 1919 muguta pakupedzisira akazova nhengo Saratov nharaunda. Muna 1930, pedyo Pokrovsky akatanga kuvakira pabhesi pano Banga zvechiuto yakavakwa, akaronga chikoro yezhizha, razova rimwe chakanakisisa munyika. Pasinei nokuti uto mumusasa raiva rakavharwa kugarwa, ivepo aiva simba akanaka kukanganisa kukura muguta.

Muna 1931 iri kugarwa akanga apiwa zita rokuti zvakare, panguva ino vakagamuchira zita muzivi Friedrich Shona, uyo akanga chaizvo anozikamwa itsva Soviet State. Panguva iyoyo, vanhu vose Shona, Saratov nharaunda ari kushingaira kukura, guta somugumisiro kwemaindasitiri anogamuchira guru maindasitiri mabhizimisi akawanda, izvo zvinoita kuti ayo budiriro.

Kuwa Soviet Union kwenguva seiyi kukura nemisha, asi nokukurumidza Shona akakwanisa kuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu matsva, izvi zvakabatsira kuti Siyanisai kuti maindasitiri mabhizimisi. Muna 1996, somugumisiro referendum paiva kubatana muguta uye Shona mudunhu. Nhasi, Shona - stably Pakukurukura kugarwa, iro rine zvakanakira nekuipira, ane chiso rayo uye nyaya dzinonakidza.

Shona upfumi

Chokwadi kuti uwandu hwevanhu Shona guta racho riri kukura, akatsanangura ndechokuti kugarwa zvakanaka dzakabudirira upfumi. Nhasi muguta miti guru mapfumbamwe uchishanda zvinobudirira:

- "Bosh Saratov" (aimbova fekitari kuti motokari dzomoto plugs) nhasi unobereka dzomoto plugs kuti motokari, uye rinewo zvinomera kuti pagadzirwe radiators uye yemagetsi.

- "Signal", zvibereko Aviapribor uye gasi michina.

- "Henkel", kushandisa pagadzirwe chakaita zvokugadzirwa detergents.

- "Stankovita" unobereka michina nokuti midziyo indasitiri.

- Tube Works.

- Brickyard.

- Mukaka chingwa mafekitari.

- "Khimvolokno".

- Trolleybus Plant.

Uyewo pano vari kushanda, uye mamwe mabhizimisi zhinji: mukugadzira uye basa. nomupiro Great emari munzvimbo inoita pabhesi, iyo inoshandirwa vazhinji vaigara uye guta dzinokwezva vaduku nyanzvi dzavo. Uyezve, Shona kuwana dzidzo iri mumayunivhesiti vaviri muruzivo rwokugadzira Institute uye Cooperative Institute - kana-yechipiri matatu masangano.

zvisakamboonekwa

Shona - guta zvakanaka kare, saka pane kuona. Nyaya ndiyo nhoroondo Museum, apo unogona kuona mufananidzo rekare guta uye ayo nevagari dzakakurumbira. All achishanyira guta kuva nechokwadi kuti vauye kuzoona Holy Trinity chechi muna 1818 kuvaka. zvinokwezva Local inosanganisira Operetta Theater, Art Gallery, miziyamu-imba Kassil. Mweya vekare zvinogona akanzwa apo vaifamba mumigwagwa uye achiongorora zvivako kare, zvikurukuru mumba Petrov mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi20. The Vagari guta Shona zvakarurama kudada chokwadi kuti pedyo kumhara kwakaitika pashure Yuri Gagarin wakakurumbira ndege muchadenga. Pano akavaka chirangaridzo kunzwisisa uye mhemberero ruzha inoitwa gore negore unotara Zuva Astronautics.