South Georgia neSouth Sandwich Islands. Atlantic Ocean

Munharaunda yekumaodzanyemba kweAtlantic Ocean kune nyika inoshamisa yekuputika kwemhepo: South Georgia uye Sandwich Archipelago. Chii chatinoziva pamusoro pavo? Iko mazita aya aibva kupi, ndiani anoona uye anonakidza nezvei? Ngatinyatsoongororei chikamu cheAtlantic.

South Georgia: tsanangudzo uye mamiriro okunze

South Georgia, kana George - chitsuwa chinoratidzika separadhiso yemapenguin uye zvisimbiso, pamwe neye eponymous archipelago, ine zviwi 9 uye 4 mabwe. Iko pano apo makoloni makuru emhuka idzi aripo. Nharaunda yechitsuwa ichi chinopfuura 3 500 km ² , uye yakawanda yacho yakafukidzwa nematare uye mashizha. Mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika ane hanya haatitenderi kuzvirumbidza nezvakanaka zvezvisikwa zvepanyama.

Pano, pane mahombekombe egungwa akafukidzwa uswa husina huni, uye hapachina tundra, miti uye shrub. Chikamu chechitsuwa chiri kumusoro kwemamita anopfuura 300 pamusoro pegungwa chakafukidzwa ne glaciers uye yekusingaperi yechando. Nyika imwe chete haina kufarira vanhu. Rocks, mhepo inovhuvhuta uye nguva dzose inenge yakanyarara mamiriro okunze nechando kana kuti zviduku zvishoma zvisingatauri munhu uye zvirokwazvo haafaniri kurarama pachiwi chakadaro. Saka, vanhu vanenge 30 chete vanogara mairi. Gungwa rakapoteredza harifaniri kuvhara, kunze kwekuvhara mabhesi kwechinguva chiri pakunzwira kwechando.

South Sandwich Islands: tsanangudzo

Chinyiko ichi chinzvimbo? Kana iwe ukanyatsocherechedza kuAlantic Ocean pane mapepa epasi rose, saka nzvimbo ino yezvitsuwa iri iri kumaodzanyemba chikamu chayo, iri kure ne570 km kubva kuGeorge. Nharaunda ndiyo inzvimbo duku kudarika yegungwa (yakakwana 310 km ² ), ine zvikamu 13 zviduku zvevhu. Zvitsuwa zvinoputika nemhepo zvakaparadzirwa neArc hazvina vanhu vanogara mahara. Zvisinei, kwete zvachose musingagari. Iyi kona yenyika inogarwa nemhuka, inogadziriswa kuti iite zvishoma pasi. Kune vanhu, zvitsuwa zveSandwich zvinowanzofarira kune biologists chete. Ichokwadi ndechekuti iri pano kuti nhamba huru yevarbatross munyika inogara. Uyewo aya mabwenga ane matombo akasarudzwa nezvisimbiso, penguins royal uye vamwe vagari vepasiki yepasi.

Chitsuwa chikuru pane zvezvitsuwa - Montague - inozivikanwa nemakomo ayo anoputika. Nguva yekupedzisira apo kuputika kwakaitika muna 2008. Ne hypothesis, zvitsuwa zveSandwich zviri kuenderera mberi kweAndes, iri kuSouth America. Nyika idzi dzinoshanyira chete neArctic mafambiro. Tichifunga nezvekuswedera kwemvura inotonhorera, nzvimbo inonzi subantarctic archive inobva kuMay kusvika kutanga kwaDecember.

Nhoroondo yekuwanikwa

Pasi pemafungiro, chiwi cheSouth Georgia chakazarurwa muna 1675 nemutengesi anonzi Anthony de la Rocher. Akabva nechikepe achibva kuChile kuenda kuBrazil uye munzira ndokupinda mumhepo ine chisimba, iyo yakamudzingira kure kumabvazuva. Dare racho rakakwanisa kuvanza muhombe yechitsuwa chisingazivikanwi, nokudaro kuva vawanika. Nyika yacho yakatumidzwa zita raRoche. Makore zana chete gare gare, muna 1775, panguva yekurwendo rwake rwechipiri, James Cook akakurumbira akawana chikamu chevhu. Akatsanangura chitsuwa ndokuchiisa pamapu. Uyezve, achitevera mitemo yeBritish, mufambi wegungwa akazviti nyika yeGreat Britain uye akamupa zita mukukudza Mambo George.

Zvino James Cook akaongorora zviwi zveSandwich, achizarura zvitsuwa zvishomanana uye achivaidza Sandwich Land, asi tsanangudzo yakajeka yazvo yakaonekwa muna 1819. Zvadaro rwendo rweLazarev-Bellingshausen rwakazarura zvikamu zvitanhatu zvepasi. Saka Atlantic Ocean pane mapepa epasi rose akazadzwa nedzimwe nzvimbo. Kuchinja kwenyaya yake kwakaitika kare pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20. Zvitsuwa zveSandwich zvakatanga kuva zveGreat Britain kubva muna 1908.

Mushure mokuzarura

Nokudaro, mune pfuma ikoko kune nyika itsva, uye chii chingaita navo - hachizivikanwi. Nemhaka yemamiriro okunze akaipa, upenyu pazvitsuwa zvitsva zvinenge zvisingaiti. Kuswedera pedyo kweAntarctic kunoreva mamiriro okunze emamiriro ekunze: kutonhora ikoko muzhizha hazvikwiri kudarika 5 degrees, uye munguva yechando hazviwisi pasi pe2 degrees pasi pe zero. Uye zvose hazvizovi chinhu, asi mhepo inotonhora inotonhora uye kutonhora kwemhepo kunopedza zvidzidzo zvinozivikanwa kusvika -10. Hapana nzvimbo yokuviga pazvitsuwa, saka vanhu vanofamba ngara pano chete kuti vatsvake zvisimbiso uye zvidzitiro zvevhu.

Asi zvakawanda zvakashandurwa apo ruzha rukavamba. Whaling zvikepe zvitsvaga kushambira kushambira kumaodzanyemba kweAtlantic, uye kubva muna 1904 pachitsuwa cheSouth Georgia chakatanga kuonekwa misha. Muvambi wekutanga kugadzirisa Grytvikena akava chiNorway nekuva muBritain muKritain Karl Larsen.

Kutanga Kwekudzivirira

Kubva muna 1904 pachitsuwa cheGeorge yakabuda mahofisi manomwe ekuredza. Pasinei nemamiriro okunze akaoma, mawhalers akabudirira, uye paiva nevanenge 1 000 vagari vemo. MuGrytviken vakagadza dare rinodzora rekambani yekuredza yeArginia. Vose zvavo vakanga vari munzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dziri kumhenderekedzo yekuchamhembe kwechitsuwa chacho.

Yakashanda mune iyi kambani zvikuru kuNorway. Bhurumende yeBrithani yakabudisa zvibvumirano zvekubhadharira vhalers. Pasinei nokuti England yakaumbwa muna 1909 pedyo nenheyo yekudzivirira Grytviken centre-King Edward Point, zvipfeko zvakatungamirirwa naGavhuna weFalkland Islands.

Hondo yenharaunda

Argentina haina kumboziva kodzero yeBritain kuti ive neSouth Georgia neSouth Sandwich Islands. Akaita kuda kwake, kutanga muna 1938. Kwenguva yakati pakati pe1950s, Argentina yakanga ine nheyo yechando ye Tenniente-Esquivel muFerguson Bay paTula Island, iri kumaodzanyemba kweSandwich Islands. Uye kutanga muna 1976 kusvika muna 1982, nheyo yevashandi veCorbet Uruguay yakanga iripowo. VaBrithani vainyatsoziva kuvapo kweArgentina munharaunda yavo yekunze kwenyika, asi nzira dzehondo dzakanga dzisina kutorwa kuti dziparadze.

Zvose zvakaitika musi waMarch 19, 1982. Zvadaro boka reArginsine, avo vaizvinyengedza kuva vashambadziri vevatengesi, vakatora zvisikwa zvakasara zvisingabhadharwi muGulf yeLeith Harbour muSouth Georgia. Uye musi waApril 3 yakadengenyeka ndokutora Grytviken.

VaBritain Marines vakawanazve chiwi musi waApril 25, 1982. Mukati rekushanda kwehondo, zviuru gumi nezviviri zvemauto eBritish uye 20,000 Argentines zvakabatanidzwa. Kukundwa muhondo iyi kwakatungamirira kuhurumende kuArgentina, uye muGreat Britain, kukunda kwakabatsira pakukura kwekuda nyika. Mumwe munyori akataura pamusoro pehondo iyi sezvinotevera: "Kusawirirana pakati pevanhu vaviri vane mhanza nokuda kwekamu." Uye kwaiva zvechokwadi hondo isina maturo umo vanhu vakafa. Kusvikira muna 2001, pakadzika kwaMambo Edward Point yaiva shoma duku remauto. Panguva ino, nheyo yacho yakadzokera kune yeBritish Antarctic Service.

Islands nhasi

Kusvika iye zvino, zviwi zvezvipembenene izvi zvinofadza zvikuru kufamba kwezvesayenzi. Pavari munguva yemazhizha, zvidzidzo zvematongerwo enyika zvinoitwa uye kutarisa kwemakoroni ezvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoitwa. Pachiwi cheSouth Georgia, shiri chete yekuimba muAntarctica ndiyo ibhiza guru. Uyezve, kune akawanda albatrosses, petrels, cormorants, gulls uye terns, unogona kurangarira penguin yakanaka uye nemakona makuru emakwati uye zvisimbiso.

Tichifunga nezvekuita kwemakomo mukati meSandwich Islands, iyo yakave ichicherechedza kubva pakuwana kwavo, upenyu hwevanhu munharaunda yavo hazvibviri. Asi pano maAntarctic mafambiro anogara panguva ino pano. Kwenguva yakati, England yakaronga kugadzirwa kwebhizimisi yekushanyirwa kune zviwi, asi iyo inodhura zvikuru kufamba.

Attractions

Nhasi pachitsuwa cheSouth Georgia, mumusha weGrytvikene, pane musamu maunogona kuziva nhoroondo yezvitsuwa. Pane imwe nguva yapfuura, iyo dzakaparadzwa zvigadziri zvingoro zvekutanga zvakatanga kuvaka zvakare sezviitiko zvekugara. Uyewo pachitsuwa chacho ndiye anozivikanwa neplarlar erlar Ernest Shekelton uye mubatsiri wake Frank Ould. Asi zvakadaro kukokwe kukuru kwezvivara zvekure zvakasununguka ndezvemakoloni emapenguin nemhuka dzomumvura. Uye pedyo neSisiwa cheSandwich unogona kutarisa magorantsiti makuru-whales. Iyi ndiyo zviwi zvakanyanyisa zvikuru zveAtlantic Ocean.