South America: zororo, maumbirwo uye mazuva ano

Chinhu chakasiyana-siyana mukugadzirwa kwavo kwezvekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zviri kunze kwemakondinendi ose panyika yedu, kusanganisira South America. Kununurwa kwenharaunda iyi kwakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: nzvimbo ine makomo uye bani rine zvikomo zvakakura. Tichivonga chimiro ichi chekukura kwepasi, kondinendi iyi yakave yakazara kudenga panyika uye mvura yakanyorova, asi yakafanana nemasango anogara achipisa kune zvikomo zvakasviba zvikuru uye nzvimbo yakakwirira yechando. Zvakanaka, ngationgororei zvakanyanya nezvekuzorodzwa kweSouth America uye kuti yakabatana sei nemamiriro ekunze enyika ino.

Geology uye zvaro zvakakosha

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti mahwendefa emapapu anoumba hwaro hwezvinhu zvose zvepasi . Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, vanosiyana, izvo zvinokonzera kuora mwoyo. Mune vamwe, vanobatana, vachiumba makomo nemakomo. Ichi chinoshamisa hachisi kunze kweSouth America. Rusununguko rwemaodzanyemba rwakakamurwa kuvaWest uye East. Yokutanga inomiririrwa mumhando yemakomo nemipata yakasviba, yechipiri inoramba iri pamapani uye pasi pevhu.

Zvikonzero zvekusiyana uku zviri munhoroondo yekuumbwa kwenyika. Chikamu chekumabvazuva kwekondinendi iri pane imwe nzvimbo yekare yebato, iyo isingazungunuki. Chikamu chekumadokero chiri pamakorani epakani rekondinendi uye hombe yegungwa, iyo ichiri kuonekwa seyikurwisana. Tinoonga nekuda kwekuita iyi Andes yakaumbwa uye inoenderera mberi kuumba - iyo yakareba makomo munyika yose. Inogona kugumiswa kuti kununurwa kweSouth America kumadokero kuchiri kuumbwa. Kureba kwemakomo nguva dzose kunomuka, nepo matanho emakomo uye kudengenyeka kwepasi hazvibatsiri.

Kumabvazuva nemapani ayo

Iyi geological inotora nzvimbo zhinji dzekondinendi yeSouth America. Kuzorodzwa pano, sezvatareva, kwakaumbwa mabhiriyoni emakore akapfuura, uye ikozvino yakanyatsosimbiswa kune imwe chete yeplates, iyo yakasimbiswa. Muzhinji, kumabvazuva kwekondinendi ine zvikamu zvitanhatu. Chikamu chikuru chemahara yacho inoshandiswa neBrazil neGuana highlands. Izvo zviripo pamusoro pehove dzeSouth America lithospheric plate. Pamahwendefa matsime matatu: La Plata, Amazon uye Orinoco. Chikamu chekupedzisira chekusununguka ndiPatagonia. Inzvimbo yakakwira, iyo yakakwirira kusvika muna 2000 m.Iyo iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kondinendi, mune zvinhu zveArgentina.

Mamiriro ekumavirira kumapani

Mhando dzekununurwa kweSouth America kumabvazuva ndeyekuti hakuna makomo kana makomo akakwirira. Nokudaro, mhepo nemafutu kubva kuAtlantic zvakasununguka zvinopinda munyika, zvichidiridza nemvura, zvikomborera nemafungu uye makore mashoma.

Pamusoro penharaunda iyi inzvimbo yekudzvinyirirwa, iyo "inofudzwa" nemhepo yeEtlantic mhepo. Somugumisiro, huwandu hwehuwandu hwemvura munyika ino huno pano. Vaionga, mazambuko eAmazon, iro rwizi rukuru munyika yose, rakazara nemvura. Uye dzakakomberedzwa nemusango unopisa unopisa, unogarwa nemiti yakasiyana-siyana yakasvibira.

Chimiro cheWest

Iyi chikamu chekondinendi yakanyanyisa, uye panguva imwe chete seyo yakatambanudzwa kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba. Iyo ichiri kuumbwa, nokuti anenge gore rimwe nerimwe kudengenyeka kwenyika kuitika, uye kamwe kamwe mumakore gumi nemashanu kubva kumaputi anoputika. Pano zororo reSouthland mainland rinopatsanurwa kuva zvikamu zviviri: makomo eAndes uye gwenga reAatama rakapoteredza. Kureba kwemugwagwa makiromita 9000 - ndiyo yakareba kwazvo munyika. Nzvimbo yakakwirira ndeyeGomo Aconcagua, kureba kwayo ndiko 6962 mamita. Ichi chitubu hachisi kungoita mvura yakasviba, asiwo chipingamupinyi kuPacific chinyorwa. Mhepo ine simba inobva kuAntarctic currents inopfuura pano inosvika chete kumakomo eAtacama, kwete kuwira mukati mekondinendi.

Dhizimusi data

I Andes inosvika kumhenderekedzo yose yekumadokero kwekondinendi yeSouth America. Nzvimbo yacho yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: North, Centre neSouth. Iko yekutanga ndiyo inonyanya kunaya - pano ndiyo mhepo yakasimba ine simba. Kuwanda kwemvura pagore dzimwe nguva kunosvika 7 000 mm, uye paavhareji 4000 mm. Chikamu chepakati cheAndes ndicho chakakura (kusvika pamakiromita 500), uye kuwedzera kuno kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Kuwandisa kwemvura gore kunosvika 1500 mm, dzimwe nguva pane kunaya kusvika 500 mm. Kuchena kunowedzera zvakanyanya pamakumbo ose uye munzvimbo yakakwirira yemahara. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti iri pedyo neAtacama - denga rakaoma kwazvo munyika. Mune zvimwe zvezvikamu zvaro, mvura uye madota hazvina kumbovapo kwemakore mazana mana. Maodzanyemba eAndes ndiwo anonyanya kupisa. Icho kutonhora kunodonha pano huwandu, uye dzimwe nguva inosvika madigiri makumi mana. Kuwanda kwemvura kunokwana 250 mm.

Nzvimbo dzeSouth America

Iyo maitiro ezvigadziro zvekondinendi ipi neipi yakazara inogadzirisa mhuka dzayo uye miti yezvirimwa, inoita nzvimbo yevhu. Nzvimbo dzatinogona kuonana muSouth America dzinoshamisa zvakasiyana, uye kona imwe neimwe yekondinendi iyi inoramba yakasiyana, sezvo pasina kunaka kwakadaro chero kupi zvako.

Saka, kumadokero kwemhenderekedzo yakashambidzwa neAtlantic inonyatsotamira mabheji. Zvishoma nezvishoma, vanoenda kumakomo maduku (muenzaniso wakafanana ndiRio de Janeiro). Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekondinendi nzvimbo yacho yakakwana zvachose (Buenos Aires). Munharaunda yekondinendi rutivi rwuri kuderera, runoita kuti kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo ine matanda uye nzizi dzakawanda. Iyi ndiyo yakakurumbira muSouth America jungle uye Amazon. IWest West inowanikwa nenzira yepamusoro makomo yakafukidzwa nemvura inopera uye glaciers. Pedyo nemhenderekedzo yePacific Ocean, vanopfuurira kumakomo, uko pasi rakaputsika kubva mumakore ekuoma kwemvura. Pano kakawanda pane mavanga kubva pamatombo emumvuri wakatsvuka, uyo chete mumvura yakafukidzwa neuswa uye maruva, uye muzhizha anotendeukira kurenje rakaoma.

Mhinduro

Takaongorora muchidimbu kuti chii, kubatsirwa kweSouth America. Girasi yechinomwe ndiyo nguva apo vana vanodzidza zvakadzama masangano emakondinendi akasiyana-siyana enyika yedu. Kuti ivo vadzidze zvinyorwa, zvakanakisisa kupa mifananidzo yemunhu mumwe nomumwe wekondinendi kuitira kuti uropi hugone kubatanidza ruzivo rwese nemifananidzo yakaonekwa.