Sretensky wemamonk muMoscow: kwaya, tsvene, hotera

Sretensky wemamonk muMoscow wakapinda mune peji munhoroondo Russia, kutanga iyo inoreva ushe Basil I (mwanakomana Dmitriya Donskogo, uyo akafa muna ra1382). Kwemakore 36, kutonga kwake akachenjera Muscovy kusimbisa wokura, uye Moscow pacharo kumboiswa aizokundwa munhu.

Nhoroondo wemamongi zita

Rinoshandurwa kubva pane rechiGiriki "Candlemas" zvinoreva musangano. Kuchkovo munda akatora zita raro kubva zita SI Boyar murwi, nhaka vyatichi haritorwi Yuri Dolgoruky. Semi-ngano Boyar Stepan sumbu akaurayiwa, uye munyika zvaaiva nazvo, Moscow yakavakwa. Rakanga pano, musi Kuchkovo munda, uye kwakanga musangano 1395 Muscovites Vladimir Icon of Amai vaMwari, akatuma mudungwe Vladimir-on-Klyazma. Road kuti akaenda pakati guru, uye pamusoro izvo zvakaitika, akatanga kushevedzera Sretenka, uye wemamongi rakadzikwa pano pakuyeuka ari kunozivikanwa chiitiko, Sretensky. Kunozivikanwa nekuti mangwana pasina chikonzero Vaeriy Tamerlane, yakashatiswa pamberi payo Elec, akatendeuka mauto ake kubva masvingo kuzvidzivirira guru. Basil I immortalized chiitiko chacho, yakavakwa muna 1397, pamusangano nguva mudungwe Sretensky wemamonk muMoscow.

kosha kakasaririra

Nokuda Vladimir Icon of Amai vaMwari pane ngano maviri bvisai vanopinda nechisimba. Mumwe yakaitika muna 1451, apo Horde Prince Mazovia, mukuru-muzukuru Khan Tokhtamysh, vakapisa dzose dzakapoteredza Moscow, usiku hwokupedzisira ari mutsindo dzepabonde akatiza kubva pamasvingo guru pashure usiku kurwiswa vagari pamwe mufananidzo. Yechipiri zvinoreva gore 1480 (ndeyokubvisa Akhmat, akamira kurutivi Ugra rwizi). Vladimir Amai vaMwari Icon kuchinzi, maererano netsika, nomuapostora Ruka Evangelist naMaria upenyu mungarava patafura, zvichiteverwa ane kudya Family Mutsvene.

Constantinople Patriarch Luke Hrisoverg, ane ushe pakutanga XII remakore kwakaratidzwa zvikuru mabasa chechi-zvemitemo, akatuma pasi pamwe icon Yuriyu Dolgorukomu. Kamwe rayakavambwa Sretensky wemamonk muMoscow musi August 26 ake mudungwe pagore kubva kubvuma Cathedral kununura Vladimir Icon of Amai vaMwari, muponesi guru anowana ayo hondo Tamerlane.

Yemamongi zvivako, vakagara kusvika mazuva edu

Pakutanga yakavakwa wemamongi zvivako zvisina vakachengetedzwa. Pazvivako okuberekwa, rakapona zvose hondo uye nenyonganyonga, kusvikira nanhasi vakapona shanu-domed Church, yakavakwa muna 1679 pamusoro mari chevaux Fedor Alekseevich, hafu-mukoma Peter I. Fyodor III nomudzimai wake Agafey Semenovnoy Grushetskoy kunyanya akatora vatarisire Sretensky wemamongi muMoscow. Pashure kufa maviri muna 1706 Pakarongwa rwezasi chapero - St. John mubhabhatidzi. The iconostasis pamusoro Cathedral of Sretensky yemamongi 1680, yamambo vakaroorana vaiva nzira vanoitisana dzavo - vatsvene uye kutenda Fedora Stratilata Agafi. Icons dziri equidistant kubva pasuwo ramambo.

Basa munyika munhau

Kazhinji, chechechi iyi muchinangwa njodzi Romanov youmambo kwete okupedzisira basa - aishingaira vakabatsira kuti pave nesimba Mikhail Fedorovich, wokutanga Russian chamber, mutakuri zita iri. All outorwa repamusoro strata wokuRussia munzanga rakatanga, sezvo mutemo, muna yemamongi ichi. Muzana XIX remakore pano yaiva, kanenge kwenguva pfupi, asi primatial Department. Zvino Vladimir Icon of Amai vaMwari, kureva tutemberi pakati wemamongi katatu akaponesa Moscow pamuvengi kubatwa uye kuparadza.

Pamifananidzo pakati wemamongi

Pasinei kukosha kwayo, kuti Cathedral of Mharidzo yacho Vladimir Icon of Amai vaMwari kusvikira 1707 vakamira unpainted. Gore rino, nemhaka mipiro SF Griboyedov, musketeers konoro yakabuda Pamifananidzo mutemberi, zvakanaka akachengetedzwa nanhasi uye mumwe okupedzisira ounyanzvi ounyanzvi yekare guru. Ndiani akapendwa madziro Church, haisi kuzivikanwa, sezvo moto muna 1737 wemamongi chakatsva ose zvinyorwa chokuita basa matarenda vemifananidzo, kuti professionalism kuti rinoti pakutanga kuvaka Category murals uye waivako kunakisisa.

The mapeji rutema enhau

Zvinosuwisa kuti wemamongi vakauya 20-ies ose XX remakore. The chete kuzivikanwa panyika yose Soviet Russia kubvira 1922 kusvika 1926 aiva kufamba chechi inonzi "renovationism" izvo, chaizvoizvo, aiva kwadzakabva kuti hurumende itsva kuti vapone. It achishingaira akarwa Patriarch Tikhon. Kana Sretensky yemamongi 1923 akabva Renovationism ari ateteguru hwaHerodhi, matambudziko akatanga, uye muna 1925 wemamongi rakavharwa. Kusvikira yechi30, dzimba dzakawanda wemamongi utsinye kuparadzwa. Motivation - ekisitenjeni mumugwagwa, mumwe nechepakati sezvo Sretensky wemamonk, vane kero iri Moscow - Bolshaya Lubyanka, 19, akanga ari moyo guru. Pakati vakaparadza dzimba dzaiva mutemberi St. Mary weIjipiti, uye Chechi St. Nicholas. Havana yakadzorerwa. NeKijuni wemamongi emauto akadzingwa mabasa mumamiziyamu. Chete mukana yekare kuvake "Rusimudzirwo Muchinjikwa", iyo yakabuda Anti-vechitendero Museum, anochengetwa mudura Tretyakov Gallery. In zvivako asara chaimbova NKVD vatariri hostel. Chokwadi kuti munyika tsvene pakati wemamongi vakauraya vanhu, ndizvo kunamata muchinjikwa, yakavakwa muna 1995 pakuyeuka vakaurayiwa vakatambudzwa.

Dzokera Church

-Gore 90 ari Church chivako chaiva All-Union Art Research uye Restoration Center ainzi. Grabar. Muna 1991 wemamongi adzoka muChechi yeOrthodox, uye akatanga kwayo kumutsidzirwa - muzvivako ichadzorerwa akwegura, kuvaka dzimba itsva uye bhero neshongwe. On munharaunda wemamongi anomhanya zvikuru kuzivisa imba imwe. On the catechetical kosi akadzidzisa vanhu 400. 40 mamongi uye novices vanogara wemamongi. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti December 4, 1925, tisati zvizere kuvhara, Sretensky Monastery akanga tonsured mu rassophore ainzi Plato ramangwana Bhishopi Pimen (munyika Sergey Izvekov), uyo akafa muna 1990.

The wakaoma kunaka wemamongi

Zvivako All dziri mumwoyo guru, izvo mumakore achangopfuura zvakachinja zvinoshamisa, inoenderana yayo itsva Kutarira, kusanganisira Sretensky wemamonk muMoscow. Photo, Hamubvumirwi pazasi, anotaura kunonyatsopupurira pamusoro wake ano wakaoma runako. Ndezvomuzvarirwo kuti imwe mukuru dzemamongi, izvo zvakabatsira chaizvo mune njodzi Russia, riri pakati peguta, anopiwa yakawanda pfungwa utungamiriri yeChechi yeOrthodox. Uyezve, sezvo wemamongi stauropegic, Patriarch of Moscow ndiyo bhishopi wayo Mutongo uye wemazano. Shoko rokuti "stauropegic" kunoreva kuteerera yemamongi vemo diocesan zviremera. Dzemamongi kwakadaro uye Laura vari kutarisirwa tateguru. Kusvikira 1918 wemamongi, riri mumwoyo guru, mumugwagwa Bolshaya Lubyanka (yaimbonzi Sretenka), aiva mamiriro supernumerary yemamongi, huripo pasina mamiriro rutsigiro. Mazuvano, Sretensky wemamonk muMoscow rinoreva stauropegic.

Chikonzero pokuzvikudza rinokosha

All machisi Munzvimbo yokugara kwake zvepamusoro. Vanhu vazhinji kudada Sretensky wemamonk muMoscow. yemamongi kwaya (kwete kuimba, uye kwaya) ndiro zera sezvo wake, uye anozivikanwa kwete chete kune vomuchechi uye vanoda mimhanzi chitsvene. Atova XVII remakore Sretensky Choir uye kwaya zvaizivikanwa, sezvo vakanga vaine dzakatarwa mudungwe citywide. Kwekuvepo munguva dzakaoma, patsva pamwe wemamongi netsvimbo akatanga kuwana zvinhu zvitsva, kuMudzidzisi nguva, uye pakupedzisira achiumbwa 2005. Zvinonzi rinotungamirirwa kudzidza Russian Academy of Music Nikon Stepanovich akararama. Kubva pauduku aiva chorister Utatu-rwacho Segiyo Lavra. Pamwe kuminamato soloists ari kwaya vari Concerts uye akanyorwa Albums. Mumwe nomumwe ari 30 soloists kwazvo marimba dzidzo - kana "Gnesinka" kana Moscow Theological Seminary kana Sretinskaya. Pane vadzidzi yemo Academy of choral Art uye Moscow Conservatory. Maererano mafeni uye nyanzvi, matarenda maneja "inoita kuwirirana manzwi mumuviri mupenyu." Munguva kwaya ipapo soloists pasi pose - Dmitry Beloselsky, uye vamwe.

Vairemekedza mifananidzo uye zvisaririra zvevasande

Dzinoyera Sretensky wemamonk muMoscow, anomirirwa zvikurukuru zvisaririra Hieromartyr Hilarion (Troitsky) - bhishopu uye nyanzvi echechi yeRussian Orthodox, icon pamwe zvisaririra St. Seraphim Sarov. Uyezve, pane zvinochengeterwa dzasara St. Mary weIjipiti, St. Ioanna Zlatousta, Vasiliya Velikogo uye Nikolaya Chudotvortsa. Rinoreva temberi firimu (chiso pamusoro chifukidziro) uye zvakanaka (mufananidzo) yakatofanana Turin Chifukidziro, akaita renguva pamwero, riri crypt of Church. Rakanga yakatsaurwa Mufundisi of Moscow Alexis II sezvo mufananidzo Muponesi Not nemaoko. Vanokudzwa kubva Vladimir Icon of Amai vaMwari anopedza pamazita nzvimbo Sretensky wemamonk.

Disinterestedness nokuti kubwinya kwaMwari

Vanhu vachizvipira uye nokuzvidira kushandira Mwari akudzwe, vari panguva chechiJudha dzemamongi, asi havasi novices - vanonzi zvomushandi. Sretensky wemamonk muMoscow, uyewo mamwe masangano chechi kubatsirwa wavo. Trudnik waisiyana vafambi, uye novices. Zvikurukuru, ava vanhu chete wakagadzirira kuzvipira kuchechi zvachose. Pane urongwa zvomushandi, umo vari pasi zvakananga zvinodiwa, uye kuti kutyora kwavari hakuna inokurudzirwa. Kazhinji zvomushandi vanouya dzemamongi kwenguva yakati, uye ivo, chokwadi, vanoda pokugara. Hotel Sretensky wemamonk muMoscow vanoda "Podushkin" kuti chinangwa ichi uye yakanyorerwa. Asi, zvinosuruvarisa muna 2012, muna kupunzika, akawana akazviwana pakati chigumbuso nokuda ndechokuti mazita mabasa, maererano mapurisa, vaiva dzapedyo. Mumiriri Sretensky Monastery ruzivo rinonzi makuhwa.