Supersonic intercontinental bomber T-4MS ("chigadzirwa 200"): iyo huru maitiro

Mapurogiramu asina nguva yekuve yechokwadi, asi akapinda munhoroondo ... Vangani vavo, vakakanganwa vakakodzera uye kwete zvikuru. Imwe yezvimwe basa iri inyanzvi yepassinental bombomberi-missile carrier inotanga nzvimbo yekugadzira yakatungamirirwa naP Sukhoi.

Zvinodiwa zvekusika

Sezvakanyanya kuitika, nyaya yekudikanwa kwekugadzira ndege, iyo yakanga yatotangira kare, yakamutswa zvakare nemauto muna 1967, apo chisarudzo chakaitwa muUnited States kuumba ndege inovimbisa (Manned Strategic Aircraft). Kubva pabasa re AMSA, kusikwa kweB-1, mukurumbira wepamusoro-soro bhobho yekupinda kwakadzika kwakatanga.
Uye munaJanuary 1969, kuburikidza nekuraira kweMutungamiriri weZvikambiso zveAviation, mukwikwidzi wakatanga pakati pezvigadzirwa zvevM Myasischev, AN Tupolev, uye PO Sukhoi. Maererano nehurongwa uhwu, mabhizimisi aifanira kuongorora tsananguro yezvinangwa zviviri-ndege, kusika masimba, masvingo uye maitiro emhepo. Kunze kwekugadzirwa kwemavhidhiyo emagetsi yaiva pasi pehutongi hweHurumende yeRadio-electronic Industry. Mutemo wake wakaonekwa mukati megore regore iroro.

Dunhu rekutanga

Murairo wehurumende mumakore ekupedzisira ekupedzisira kwegore ra1967 yakaronga maitiro ehupenyu hwamangwana.

Aifanirwa kuva nekutanga uye mberi kwekunakidza zvidzidzo.

Panzvimbo yakakwirira ye8,8 km, iyo yakamhanyira yakaiswa pa 3.2-3.5 makiromita / h. Uye zvaifungidzirwa kuti mumutambo uyu uye pa subsonic inosvika pedo pasi pasi ndege inofanira kubhururuka kusvika 11 kusvika kune zviuru gumi, uye munzvimbo yakakwirira yepamhanho paunenge uchienda kunofanirwa kuva 16-18 000 km.

Basa rakaiswawo pane zvakagadzirwa zvombo. Inofanira kunge yakagadziriswa uye yakashandurwa nekusununguka uye yakagadziriswa mabhomba emhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye zvinangwa, uye mhepo yakasungwa-mhepo, zvina hutachiona X-45 Molniya uye kusvika kune 24 aerobalistic X-2000s. Misi yakawanda yezvombo yakagadzirirwa pamatani 45.

Kutanga kwekuvandudza

OKB Sukhoi PO kubva muna 1961, uyewo pamakwikwi, yakabatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwebhasiki-missile carrier T-4, nokuda kwemazana zana ematatu echipiri-anonzi "Sotka." Akanga achifanirwa kusvika kumhanya ye 3000 km / h, kukunda mhepo inopisa, uye naizvozvo, uye ane inenge yakakwana yeaerodynamics. Kwake, zvakanyatsogadziriswa mhepo yakadzika-pasi-pasi, simba rekugadzira uye kushandiswa kwemichina. Yakagamuchirwa yaingova yemakumi matatu nematatu gwaro remhepo itsva.

Pachikonzero chayo, uye yakagadzira imwe nzira yakarongeka-ye-T-4MS ndege pamwe nekuchengetedzwa kwekuenderera mberi nemuenzaniso wepakutanga. Izvo zvigadziro zvitsva zvinofanira kunge zvakasara: simba rekugadzira, raive rakagadzirisa zvinhu zvitsva, izvo zvakagadziridzwa zvakagadziriswa uye zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, zvakagadzirwa uye zvakaedzwa pa-board systems uye midziyo uye, chii chingava chakakosha mukugadzirwa kwemahombekombe, hurongwa hwezvigadzirwa zvemarara. Kunyangwe nemichina yekuchera yakawanikwa nekufananidza naSotka. Kubata kwaro kubvisa kuenzana maererano nevanogadzira kwaiva kusvika mazana maviri ematani, saka ndege T-4MS - "chibereko 200" yakazozivikanwa.

Itsva mhinduro

Maiwe, zvakanga zvisingakwanisi kuona pfungwa yakanaka kudaro. Kana iwe ukachengetedza urongwa, kuyerwa uye kuyerwa kwechigadzirwa chitsva kwakawedzera zvakanyanya, asi huwandu hwakazara hwezvombo hahugoni kuiswa.

Saka, iyo OKB Sukhogo PO. Nyanzvi idzi dzaitanga kutanga kwekugadzirwa kwechirongwa chekugadzirisa chitsva chaigona kubvumira kuwana zvakanyanya kuwanda kwevhesi nechepamusoro-soro remvura yepamusoro uye kuchengetedza kuiswa kwemauto anodiwa mumakamuri ezvitoro. Panguva imwecheteyo, chirongwa chinofanira kuva chakasimba sezvinobvira kuitira kuti ndege ingabhururuka nepamhanho yakakura pedyo nepasi.

Mukuwedzera, zvakasarudzwa kuti zvisiye kuenderera mberi kwekufambisa kwemasimba kubva mudunhu rekushandisa rege ndege. Muchiitiko ichi, zvaive zvichibvira kugadzira kuchinja patsva nemamwe engjini. Icho chigadziro chitsva chinofanira kuchengetedza kukwanisa kuramba uchivandudza kushanda uye dheseti yedhesi yemuchina mutsva.

Mukushanda kwebasa romugadziri, vakagadzira kushandiswa kwemhepo, iyo yakatenderera dunhu iyo yakaitwa nenzira ye "mapapiro anobhururuka", nharaunda dzomunharaunda dzedunhu duku (duku shoma, hongu) mukuenda kunogona kuchinja kupera.

Bomber layout

Izvo zvakasikwa zvitsva zveyo ndege yeT-4MS, yakabvumirana pakupera kwezhizha ra1970, yakashanda senheyo yekuvandudzirwa kwekugadzirwa kwepamberi.

Zvimiso zvekugadzirisa uku zvakaputirwa mumatokari emhepo eTTsAG uye zvakaratidza migumisiro yakanakisisa zvose pakubhururuka kunomhanya uye pane supersonic.

Pamusana pediki kadiki kanovhenekera uye mutsindo unorema wepakati pepakati, mapapiro emapapiro emapapiro akanyangarika panguva dzezvikepe pasi.

Izvozvi zvinoputika zvinotenderera zvakasiyana kubva 30 ° kusvika 72 °.

Mhanza yakanga isingarambiki, asi gore rose raitevera rakashandirwa pakupedzisa kwekugadzirwa kwepamberi.

Uhu uye humiro hwehupano hwemapapiro hwakashanduka kuti huvandudze hutsika hweaerodynamic. Kushandiswa kwemashoko ekunyora kunofanirwa kuwedzera kukurumidza kutengesa pasi. Tsvakurudzo dzave dzichiitwa nenzira iyo mapapiro emapapiro angakanganisa kushanda kwesimba rekugadzira uye mutsara. Basa rinopfuurira pakusarudzwa kwechimiro chephiko, kuitira kuti kuwedzere kugadzikana uye kugadziriswa kwemichina.

Iyo yakagadziriswa yakagadzirirwa uye simba remagetsi yemhepo yakasarudzwa yakasarudzwa kuti iwedzere kudzoka kwemafuta emafuta.

Shandisai mishonga

Zvose izvi zvakazoedzwa mumatanho emhepo eTTsAGI. Somugumisiro, nyanzvi dzakaona kuti ndege yacho haina kusimba, pane kusagadzikana kweanenge 5%. Yakasarudzwa kuti iwedzere kugadzirisa urongwa.

Somugumisiro, mune zvinyorwa T-4MS zvakaonekwa mazaya akareba uye refu mhuno. Mune imwe shanduro, mhino yaivewo ine nheyo-yakaita sechimiro. Asi zvakadaro, kwaive kuenderera mberi kubudirira kwakagadziriswa urongwa, umo mhino yaive yakanyanyisa, kunze kweiyo kubva pakubata fuselage kwaive yakakurumbira chete nacelles, mutsara wakajeka uye maviri keel, swivel wing consoles. Kunyanya kutarisirwa kwakabhadharwa nechinetso chekudzikisa kuonekwa kwevavengi vemadhora.

Tsanangudzo yeBomberi T-4MS

Ndege yaifanira kutungamirirwa nevashandi vevanhu vatatu, iyo yakagara mumatara asingatauri. Panguva imwecheteyo, mutungamiri wechikepe, mutyairi wengarairi uye mufambisi wengarava vaifambisa kuti vashambire mumagetsi, pasinei nokuti imba yezvivako zviviri yakanga ichimhanya. Imba yepamberi yaiitirwa vafambisi vengarairi, uye nechemberi kwekamuri yaiva yevayendesa. Sezvo mwenje inenge isingadi kuputika, zvipfeko zvakapiwa zvakapiwa kuti zvivandudzire maonero panguva yekuenda uye kuburuka.

Zvigaro zvigaro zvakapa kuvhara kwakachengeteka kwechikwata chero ipi zvayo yakakwirira nekukurumidzira, kusanganisira kuisa uye kubvisa.

Zvigadzirwa zvepaRadio-magetsi zviri mubhokisi zvakagadzirwa nemafambisiro, maitiro ekudzivirira ndege, radio rekukurukurirana uye zvidziviriro, makombiyuta, maitiro ekuona-kuzvidzivirira, maitiro ekuberekorora nekudzivirira missile.

Izvo zviyero zvakakwana zvendiza, iyo yakarondedzerwa semunhu anonyanya kushandura mabhomba ekuputika, aiva:

- kureba - 41.2 m;

- kureba - 8 m;

- rutivi rwepakati pepabheti ndi 14.4 m;

- Wingspan pachigadziko chekutsvaira kwe30 ° - 40.8 m;

- nzvimbo yemapiro nekona yekutsvaira 30 ° - 97.5 mita mamita.

Inofungidzirwa kuyerwa kwechikwata chendiza yacho yaiva maatoni 170.

Bomber power plant

Mumumuswe chikamu, mumakumbo maviri, akaparadzaniswa, mana NTR-101 akanga ari maviri. Kubviswa kweumwe neumwe wavo kwakange kune kgf 20 000. Zvaifungidzirwa kuti injini idzi dzaizounganidza zvakakosha zvemhando mbiri-injini inofamba nendege pajasi rinomhanya uye turbojet panguva yekukurumidza uye mukutiza pamusoro pekusimudzira.

I-gondolas yakanga ine injini imwe yakapatsanidza gorofa-gorofa gorofa rakagadzirika rinogadziriswa mumhepo, rakadzivirirwa kubva kuiking uye ingress yezvinhu zvekunze.

Mukuwedzera kune injini, simba rekugadzira raisanganisira nzira dzokufambisa ndege yacho nefurairi pasi uye mumhepo, kusimbisa iyo injini, kupisa kwemafuta emhepo, kukurudzira, kupisa, uye kupisa moto.

Iko huru yematangi emotokari yakanga iri mukati mekamuri makamuri.

Inofungidzirwa yedunhu redu

Ndege yacho yakagadzirirwa ndege kune marefu marefu. Maererano nezviyero, aigona kubhururuka asingakwanisi kupisa refu muhondo nehondo yakakwana yekutakura mitani 9 paanenge achifamba nemakiromita 900 km / h (subsonic) 14 000 km, uye pa3000 km / h (supersonic) - 9 000 km.

Panzvimbo yekumusoro, bhomba racho raigona kubhururuka pamhanho ye 3.2 mamiriyoni / h, panyika - 1.1 km makiromita / h.

Panguva imwe chete, kureba kwakakwirira, maererano neyo ndege yaizosimudzwa, yaiva mamiriyoni makumi maviri nemaviri.

Nehukuru hwakakura kudaro, kutora-kutambira kureba kwakasvika mamita 100, uye urefu hwemhanyi mushure mokutama wakanga uri 950 m.

Hondo mubhodhi

Iko kunofungidzirwa bhomba mutoro waiva matani 9 emabhomba asingabhadhari uye akabatanidzwa.

Vaya vanotarisira T-4MS missile carrier vaifanira kutakura kubva kune maviri kusvika mana yakareba refu-X-45 Molniya mvura-mafuta emisasa, iyo yakanyatsogadzirirwa yeT-4 project, neArRLSN nhungamiro yehurumende uye yakawanda yakanyanya kuputika hondo. Zvavaive nazvo yaiva radiyo-pachena. Kureba kwe rocket kunenge mamiriyoni gumi, kutanga kwema 5 matani, mubhadharo ndewe 0.5 t. Rwendo rwekufamba kwaro makiromita zviuru zvishanu, kufamba kwemauto kunosvika 9 000 km neawa.

Uyewo mune zvombo zvendiza yacho yaive kusvika kumashure makumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemasere (2000) ane INS mazano ehurongwa, uye yakareba kusvika pamakiromita mazana matatu, kufamba kwemauto anenge 2 M uye kutanga kwe1 ton.

Zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvombo, zvombo, mabhomba emhepo, mami-torpedo zvombo, rimwe-bhobho mabhomba aive mumakamuri maviri mukati akachengetedzwa mukati mekudzivirira uye kupisa kwemafuro, kutakura uye kubuda kwemhepo.

Migumisiro yemakwikwi

Nokuti makwikwi acho akaiswa, kuwedzera kune vana vaPu Sukhoi, bombomboni yeTu-160M yakagadzirwa neO OKB AN Tupolev uye M-20 kubva kuVM Myasishchev.
Zvirongwa zvakanzwika pa MAP pamusana peScientific and Technical Council muvhuro ra 1972.
Tu-160 mauto akatanga kurambwa nekuda kwekufananidzwa kwakawanda neane ndege. M-20 akagutsikana neuto, asi iyo yakangogadzirwa yakagadzirirwa mahofisi yakanga isina zvivako zvekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa zvemichina.

T-4MS yakaita kuti vanhu vakawanda vatarise uye vakaonekwa sekanakisisa, asi ... Panguva imwecheteyo, mushonga mutsva wakasikwa pasi pekutungamirirwa kweP PO Sukhoi pasi pekutungamirirwa kwaP PO Sukhoi, iyo yakabudiswa pasi pe nhamba SU-27, basa rakaitwa kuti rigadzirise kugadziriswa kweva Su-24 varwi Uye Su-17M. Bhizimisi reMabhizimisi Emabhiza yakaona kuti izvi zvinoshanda mu "chiedza" mhirizhonga dzinonyanya kukosha, uye nenzira mbiri dzakasiyana nehofisi yekugadzira isingakwanisi kushanda.

Saka zvakazoitika kuti purogiramu yacho yakakunda kugadzirwa kweO OKB Sukhoi PO, uyezve mamwe mabasa aitungamirirwa neBlack Bureau yeAn Tupolev. Uye mutungamiri wemauto emhepo P. S. Kutakhov akaronga kuendesa zvinhu zvose kuTupolev, asi vakaramba uye vakaramba vachizvimiririra pachavo kubudirira kwavo.

Nokudaro, ndege inenge yakafanana nebhadharo imwechete uye mararamiro ehurumende paanokurumidza kufamba, asi nehurumende yepamhanho inowedzera ne 35%, uye hafu yezvokutambisa zvishoma neye-super-slider, kupfuura iyo inogona kushandiswa mu Air Force, inogona kutorwa kana zvinyorwa zvakagamuchirwa. Sukhoi.

Pakarepo mushure mokuguma kwemakwikwi, kushanda pabasa reT-4MS rakagumiswa. Ndege haina kumboona denga, asi pfungwa dzakaberekerwa panguva yekutsvaga kwayo dzakawana mararamiro avo mune imwechete Tu-160, uye muSu-27 neMig-29 varwi.Vamwe vangangove vari mu ndege yezana remakore rino.