Ka-32 (helicopter). Mifananidzo uye mapikicha

Izvo zviitiko zve helicopter muU.SR zvinonakidza mune izvo, pasinei nokuti pane imwe nguva inotanga kushandiswa pakugadzirwa kwavo, Soviet designers vakaita hukuru hukuru. Zvimwe mahofisi emahofisi, Milya neKamova, vakaratidza kunyika yose mikana yeSoviet teviation technologies. Muenzaniso webasa rakabudirira revanjiniya veSoviet rinogona kushanda seKa-32, helicopter mberi kwenguva yakawanda.

Kamov uye maitiro ake

Pachikonzero chekambani yekuziva ndege ine ruzivo, iyo isina chinhu chingareva kune uninitiated nhamba 290, muna 1948, KB yakasikwa, ine zita rimwe chete rokuti "Nha.". Hapana chinhu chinoshamisa muzvinhu izvi zvose, mumakore eStalin uye mabhizimusi mashoma anokosha anogona kuenzanisirwa, uye ipapo, sezvazvakazoitika zvikuru gare gare, vakavaka autogyros, inenge yakanganwa ndege iyo mazuva. Masangano akabatanidzwa muHondo Yenyika II ichangobva kukundwa akatoshandisa rotorcraft, helicopters, haisati yakanyanya kupararira, asi yakakwana kuti ivone IV. Stalin akanzwisisa tarisiro yemhando itsva yezvombo zvokubhururuka. Aviation "baba vemarudzi" vaida, zvaive pasi pekuchenjerera kwake. Yakatungamirirwa neBur ikarayirirwa N.I. Kamov, kare muna 1940, akakwanisa kugadzira nekuvaka A-7, gyroplane.

Kubvira pakutanga, KB yakagadzira maitiro ayo, maererano neyemapurisa aKamov anonyatsozivikanwa nhasi. Chimwe chinhu chikuru chazvo chinogona kuonekwa sewe coaxial scheme, iyo iyo dzose rotor screws inotenderera kune zvakatarisana, iyo inobhadharisa iyo torque. Izvo zvinotungamirirwa hazvidiwi munyaya iyi.

Sea Soul

Haasi helikopta yose inokwanisa kuita mabasa pagungwa. Zvechokwadi, isu hatisi kutaura nezvemafambisi nechokumahombekombe egungwa nevhu-based bases, asi kuti mishonga yaishandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu ezvikepe, yakamira panhandare yakazaruka (mune imwe chikamu chechikepe) uye yakashandira izvo zvinodiwa zvekugamuchira uye kugadzirisa murairo wemvura. Zvemagetsi mitemo munyaya ino yakanyanyisa kuoma, kusvibiswa kwemvura yemunyu uye simba rakawanda mukati memhepo kunogona kukanganisa kushandiswa kwenzira, magungano uye zvikamu. Dzidziso yeuto yeSoviet yemakore makumi maviri ekupedzisira maererano nekugoneka kwemahombekombe egungwa yaiva munharaunda yekukura, saka hofisi yeKamov yakashanda mumativi maviri kubvira pakatanga. Chokutanga, mishonga yakagadzirwa apa inofanira kunge yakakodzera kushandiswa pavanotakura ndege. Chechipiri, chinangwa chavo, nekuda kwekusava nechokwadi kwezvinangwa zvenguva yemberi, yaifungidzirwa kuva yakafara, kureva, zvinangwa zvakawanda. Izvi zvinosangana neKa-8, Ka-15, Ka-25, Ka-26 uye kunyanya Ka-32 helicopter, yakakodzera vafambisi vezvikepe, vabati vemoto, vavaki nevamwe vashandi vane rugare vanoshanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, mu Kunosanganisira mumamiriro okunze anonyorova, kubva kumativi ekumaodzanyemba kuenda kunzvimbo dzinopisa.

Nzira yekuita sei motokari yemoto kubva kune anti-submarine?

Sezvazvinowanzoitika, mishonga yakatanga kusikwa semotokari yehondo. Kubudirira kweiyi nzira ndeyekuti basa guru rinosimudzira basa rokufambisa rinoitwa nekubhadharisa bhajeti rezvidziviriro, uye muUSSR yakanga yakakura. Kuti uchinje ndege yakagadzirwa yakagadzirirwa, chokwadi, unoda kuchinja zvimwe purojekiti, asi mari yavariko haina kufanana nekusika iyo motokari yose. Imwe mienzaniso yaive ndiyo yezvinyorwa zvinopesana neAfmarine Ka-27, R & D yakatanga muna 1969, mugumisiro wavo waiva Ka-32, helicopter yakanyatsove yehurumende uye ine rugare. Injini ine simba uye chirongwa chakabudirira chakaita kuti zvikwanise kuigadzirisa kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvehupfumi hwenyika. Mukutaura kwenyika yose, kuvimbika uye unyanzvi hwehutano hwemafananidzi enyika, haana.

Device

Iko-screw co-axial scheme, tsika yeKamov, inobatsirawo Ka-32. Iyo helicopter iri nyore kutonga, magasi emakinjini emagetsi (maviri acho) kune 2 200 mafambisi anokonzerwa nhaka ye "hondo yapfuura", pamwe chete nehuipi hinged yekugadzirisa mashizha, achiita kuti vashandurwe kuderedza ngarava kana pane dutu uye kuderedza mari inotorwa. Maturo emasuo anovimbisa kukurumidza kwevashandi kugara kwezvigaro zvavo uye nyore kutakura nekudzikinura. Chassis ine masangano mana, pane zvingaita kuisa zvigadziri zvakakosha kana zvichifanira kugara pamvura. Pasi reKa-32 rine magadzirirwo ekufambisa anotarisirwa kuchengetedza mutoro unorema kusvika mamita mana mukati memukati yemotoro. Muzhinji, kufanana neKAM dzakawanda dzemotokari, dunhu rinoita kuti zvikwanise kushandisa nzvimbo yese iri shure kwekambani yekufamba-famba kusvika pakuguma kwemuswe uye pasi pesimba.

Ko-32 ingaitei?

Kune vadzidzisi vezvikepe, mikana inopiwa neKa-32 duku yava kushamiswa. Izvi zvinonakidza, zvine urefu hwefuselage hunopfuura mamita gumi nemaviri, inotora nyore kutakura mutoro unorema matani 3.7. Paunoshandisa kumira kwekunze, iyi parameter inogona kuwedzerwa kusvika maani mashanu. Uyu mishonga inomutsa zvakanyanya sekufambisa motokari pachokwadi chakaita mamita 15 m / s. Nhumbi yacho inogona kuendeswa chero ipi zvayo mukati meharai 900 km. Mufambi wevanhu vane vanhu 16. Nhanho inogona kunge yakaita seduku kune mumwe munhu, "chete" 230 kufamba kwemvura uye 260 km / h hurefu, asi mushure mokunge zvose zvigadzirwa zvisati zvasikwa nekuda kwekukwikwidza, uye kunyange yekutanga yeuto-antisubmarine version yeKa-27 yaive nechinangwa chekuwana zvombo zvemanheru, izvo zvinoda kuti zvishoma zvidimbu zvishoma . Asi denga rema 6,000 mamita rinopa kuchengetedzwa, kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma mukati memhepo.

Versions

Muchina wacho wakabudirira zvikuru zvokuti wakawana kushanda mumatavi akawanda ehupfumi hwenyika yeU.S., uyewo kune dzimwe nyika. Mabasa eKa-32 anogona kugadzirisa zvakasiyana-siyana. Pakutanga, helicopter yakatanga kuvakwa mumitauro miviri yakawanda, kutakura (Ka-32T) uye yaida kushanda pave hove uye nemapurisa emapurisa (Ka-32S). Panguva imwecheteyo, kuchinja kwekutakura kunogona kushanduka nyore nyore kuti iende ambulensi inobhururuka, nekuda kweizvi imba iyo yakagadzirirwa kuti iwanike zvigaro gumi kana zvigadziro zvina kune vakakuvadzwa, uye zvakakwana zvakasiyana-siyana zvakawanikwa.

Ka-32S yakagadzirirwa kukwidziridzwa kwea ice nekuchengetedzwa kwemakaravhani anotungamirirwa ne-icebreaker mu polar latitudes, zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuona mafirimu uye kufamba kwaiiswa pairi.

Imwe "ndege yakabhururuka" yakagadzirwa pachishandiswa Ka-32. MES aifarira mukukwanisa kwemichina iyi kusimudza zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana pachitsvaga uye ichiita zvakanyanya kunaka. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha nekambo, chakashongedzerwa nemichina yakanyanyisa inogadzirisa, inogadzirisa mafungiro akachenjerera kune zvose zvinopiwa kune rumwe rutivi yemotokari, uye izvi zvinogona kuva vanhu.

Ka-32 helicopter, fire fighting version

Mamiriyoni ebhadharo anogona kunwa mvura. Kudiwa kwemotokari inokwanisa kudzima moto munyika yedu yakakura, kunyanya ichipa kuwedzera kwemaitiro emakamuri akawanda ekuvaka. Mukuwedzera kumvura yakawanda, mhombwe inokosha inogona kuiswa mucheki yakakosha, yakasimudzwa panzvimbo yemutoro kana yevatakuri vemakamuri, yakagadzirirwa kuumba zvipingamupinyi zvinopisa moto. Mukuwedzera, mishonga inokwanisa kukwanisa vanhu vari mukutapwa kwemoto.

Ka-32 for export

Kubudirira kwekugadzirwa kwemotokari kunosimbiswa kubudirira kwaro kunofarira munyika mhepo yezviratidzo, umo Ka-32 helicopter yakaratidzwa uye yakaratidzwa. Mufananidzo we rotorcraft neSouth Korean, Canada, Malaysian kana Swiss zviratidzo hazvishamisi ani zvake. Chimwe chiitiko chemuenzaniso weSoviet neRussia chikoro chokuvaka ndege ndechekuti kuvimbika, nyore kwekutungamirira uye nyore nyore kudzidziswa kune dzimwe nyika.

Kuchinja uye kugadzirwa kwemazuva emotokari kwakakwirira, kunogona kuisa avionics yakawanda kupfuura iyo inooneka, inopa Ka-32 upenyu hurefu hwekudenga.