System chikwata: Kuronga uye huru unhu

Dzimwe nguva, kutaura pamusoro kombiyuta nyaya, vanhu kazhinji kunzi yekombiyuta Unit, uye izvi zvinokonzera mibvunzo yakawanda pamusoro murwiyo uye dzinokosha unhu mano zvose zvirimo. vanozvishandisa Vakawanda havazivi chinhu pamusoro functionality uye maumbirwo makombiyuta mudziyo, saka muverengi anodaidzwa kugadzirisa Makwanza zivo. Imwe nyaya panyaya: "System Unit: murwiyo uye chikuru maitiro" achabvumira anoishandisa kuti nguva dzose kuva savvy munyaya kombiyuta nyaya.

Metal mubhokisi zviedza

The muunganidzwa yose kombiyuta zvinoriumba, basa nokushanda pachedu kombiyuta, anonzi hurongwa. Saizvozvowo, pamwe dzose zvinhu chimwe chikuva anoita somunhu akazvimirira Unit, yainzi hurongwa chikwata. Achitaura mutauro nyore, zvose zviri simbi kana mupurasitiki dzimba, kusanganisira puranga pacharwo, inonzi ine hurongwa. The Kuronga pachake yekombiyuta hadzisisina aizivikanwa chero aishandisa CPU, motherboard, ndangariro, mavhidhiyo kadhi, simba wedzerai nezvimwe zvinoriumba.

Basic functionality pokugara haisi chete pamwe ose kombiyuta yacho zvinoriumba, asiwo kubata wakasununguka - ndiro mapindiro yenhengo zvose kune mumwe muviri. Pamisika kusiyanisa mutumbi wechinhu chinhu, izvo anosarudza kukura mudziyo (urefu, upamhi nokudzika). Mienzaniso chimiro chinhu: ETX, ATX, ATX-midle, Mini-ATX, Micro-ATX, Barabone, Notebook, Server, uye vamwe.

Mwoyo hurongwa

Anokosha chezvinonhuwira vanoshandisa zhinji kuwana processor kuti mutemo unoti chikamu PC chassis. maonero Izvi ndakanganisa. The chinhu ndiye CPU kubudiswa, kureva, kunzwisisa masvomhu: .. Kuwedzera, nokupesana, kubvisa, chokuwanziridza. mwoyo muchinangwa pauzima kombiyuta rine simba nerubatsiro kuti kwete chete anopa magetsi kuti zvinhu zvose pechikuva, asiwo anovimbisa madzidziro ayo zvitengeswa (voltage uye iyezvino).

Kana kutenga kombiyuta User runodiwa kuverenga simba kudyiwa yenhengo zvose wegadziriro chikwata uye wasarudza aida simba nerubatsiro, izvo zvichaita kukurira basa. Kurega dzinoenda ichi, pakuunganidza kuderedzwa yepamusoro simba romugove anogona kuparadza zvose ne kombiyuta. Sezvingatarisirwa, mari ine simba romugove kuenderana pamwe Nokurasikirwa pakuparwa kukundikana zvose kombiyuta zvikamu.

Basic chiyamuro / goho hurongwa

Hazvibviri kuvaka kombiyuta pasina motherboard, riri chikamu hurongwa chikwata. mudziyo izvi zvichiitirwa chokubatanidza zvose dzekuvamba pechikuva, uyewo kudzora operability kuti iiswe zvinoriumba. Muna motherboard riine software, anonzi Bios. Ndiye anopa mashoko pamusoro anodawo zvinhu zvakatipoteredza mukati hurongwa chikwata. Zvinoumba, Serial nhamba, zita uye nezvimwe zvakawanda zvinogona kuwanikwa software iyi.

The motherboard, kuwedzera ose controllers uye interfaces, revatema sensors siyana kuti kuongorora utano wegadziriro. Kana paine zvinetso mudziyo anogona kuona inodzidzisa ruzha anonongedzera, zvisinei, zviri akafunga pachiyero anokosha ruzha, izvo zvinogona decrypted chete IT nyanzvi (tiri kutaura pamusoro POST-Codes). Sezvo cabinet, motherboard chimiro chinhu uye pakutsvaga chete kukura uye nyora.

Features motherboard

Pamisika kombiyuta pane segmentation pakati zvinoumba mutengo uye kushandiswa. Saka, inodzidzisa kusarudza rweruzhinji kombiyuta yavo, kuwana zano akakodzera ari bhajeti mukirasi, uye vanoda-nyanyisa mitambo zvinofanira kusarudzwa zvikamu PC zvinodhura. The chikuru kusiyana huripo zvikamu zvose midziyo kombiyuta iri chikamu yekombiyuta Unit, ndiye kuita uye kugarisana.

Uyewo, motherboards anogona kuva zvinokosha uye revatema. Mukupera nyaya, anokosha controllers vari yakaiswa pamusoro hurongwa pamapuranga, zvinokwanisa kuita kuti vatevedzere peripheral mano (inzwi kadhi, mavhidhiyo kadhi, Wi-Fi-module, uye zvichingodaro. N.). Kusangana yenhengo zvikuru kunoderedza mari ezvinhu chikwata rose Zvisinei, haisi kutambirwa nevanhu vatengi, sokuvakira-mune zvinoumba vanoshandisa processor vanokwanisa, tava kuderera waivako kwayo.

kombiyuta uropi

Uchifunga inokosha mudziyo aisanganisira munyika Unit, inodzidzisa ndechechokwadi tinyatsoziva kuyeuka modules. chinoumba uyu kombiyuta processor mubatsiri. Kushanda sync, zvose mano vari kare kugadzira Masvomhu uye zvakazara Rinotarisira ose data, kusanganisira uchishandisa maitiro uye mafomu kumhanya. The kukuru chitsama ndangariro, kuti nokukurumidza kombiyuta.

Sami ndangariro modules akasiyana kugadzirwa technology (DDR4, DDR3, DDR2), uyewo mashoko mwero (akayera pa frequencies pamusoro 1333 MHz, 2133 MHz, etc.). The yepamusoro mutengo, asi nokukurumidza nokukurumidza, asi pane zvimwe zvavasingakwanisi kuita. It pachii kunonyanyisa kuita, ndangariro uye processor kushanda chete kakawanda (synchronous).

Warehouse ruzivo

Data pashure kurapwa dzinofanira kuchengetwa imwe nzvimbo, saizvozvo Zvinoumba yekombiyuta chikwata hazvo unosanganisira zvakaoma disk. Aggregators vane simba rinonzi magnetic uye rakasimba ehurumende uye akasiyana rinokwana date vhoriyamu uye nokukurumidza. Zvakangoitikawo kuti SSDs vane ichimhanya zvikuru, asi avo kugadzirwa zvemichina zvinodhura zvikuru, saka uwandu okuchengetera murombo. Magnetic disks sezvo isingadhuri kugadzira Zvisinei, vane zvakakomba yemararamiro kumhanya kushanda. Hazvina kukamurwa uku uye riri simba kubatana munyika yose chimwe.

Vakawanda akakurudzira nokubatanidza mhando mbiri Zvifambiso. Fast SSD-dhisiki kushandisa nokuda uchishandisa hurongwa, uye anononoka - HDD - kushandisa mashoko yokuchengetera. Chisarudzo ichi raionekwa chokwadi kubudikidza vanoshandisa zhinji.

Feedback kubva muridzi kombiyuta

Tsvakai kuti izvo mano vari chikamu hurongwa Unit, usakanganwa pamusoro Mubatanidzi unobvumira inodzidzisa kuti kudzora kombiyuta, uye kuona migumisiro yezviito zvavo. Tiri kutaura vhidhiyo adapteri kuti yakaiswa pamusoro nechigadziko mundiro uye anobvumira kuti kutumira-zvechokwadi nguva vhidhiyo pamusoro ruzivo vanoratidza (tarisisa, TV). Video Makadhi vari discrete uye Integrated uye vakasiyana vaita uye functionality.

Sezvingatarisirwa, imwe Integrated adapteri ane paanogumira pane zvaangaita uye inoshandiswa pakombiyuta kuratidza mifananidzo chidzitiro. Asi discrete mudziyo uri achiputa mukuru mubereko. Kuva kwako Graphics processor uye ndangariro, mudziyo anokwanisa kubudisa pachake Masvomhu ayo, izvo zvakafanira mumitambo zvose.

Global nyika Network

Mamiriro ezvinhu chikwata hazvo rinosanganisira nomumbure adapteri kuti vanogona revatema kuva hurongwa bhodhi kana kuva yakazvimirira mudziyo riri kuiswa iri kombiyuta kuva rinokosha connector. Market Muitiro ndechokuti revatema mhinduro ndewe sendi, varidzi dzakawanda tajairira pfungwa yokuti motherboard Network controller chete anofanira kuva.

Controllers pachavo wakasiyana pakati date mwero uye functionality. Kune zvitatu kumhanya mitemo: 10, 100 uye 1024 Mbps. A dzichipfekeka nezvokunetseka chete mamwe zvinhu: Network mutoro, kupa ruzivo pamusoro sei kukopa paIndaneti adapteri uye kure kuzvidzora.

Soundtrack

In kukurukura kuti chikamu hurongwa Unit, vanoshandisa zhinji kanganwa pamusoro inzwi kadhi, inova peripheral zano, uye kwete motherboard chikamu. The adhaputa ndiye anokonzera inzwi, uyewo discrete Graphics kadhi, akashongedzerwa pamwe yayo processor, ndangariro, uye zvakarekodhwa kugadzira controllers. Distantly soundcard chakafanana vakasiyana gudzazwi musha yemitambo mungarava iri uye mugamuchiri D convert.

Kusarudza hurongwa dzaishandiswa pamusoro pamusika, murwiyo izvo zvinosanganisira digital Audio adapteri, unofanira kuva vakagadzirira nokuda disproportionately kudhura of kombiyuta zvavo. Nokuti unhu nguva anouya nomutengo. Vagadziri vakawanda revatema kurira kadhi iri motherboard. Chisarudzo ichi vazhinji vanoshandisa nomufaro, sezvo kusiyana inzwi kana zvichienzaniswa anodhura mano, pasina nhaka nzeve mimhanzi haigoni kuonekwa.

Kuwedzera makadhi avo functionality

Kuti mutongere kuenda kombiyuta inogona kuva mukati ayo, zvakakodzera kubvisa dzimba pakavha uye kuona izvo mano vari chikamu hurongwa chikwata. Saka, muna Database Server, unogona kuwana zvizhinji dzakaoma Zvifambiso uye vakapararira controller. mudziyo uyu anokwanisa kuronga vakakoshesa Zvifambiso nokusika ravo maererano negadziriro yeparutivi okuchengetera.

The PC mupepeti, unogona kuwana vhidhiyo kubatwa kadhi kana nyanzvi TV tuner. mudziyo kwakadaro kunoita kutendeutsa akagamuchira chiratidzo muruoko mashoko uye kuchengeta navo zvakaoma disk. Isu gamers kuona discrete Graphics makadhi akawanda, uye gadziriro vakuru rwaizoda kuisa hurongwa ari Manyiminya drive vakawanda rezvebonde nemakadhi.

In mhedziso

Sezvo tsika inoratidza hapana kuoma iri kombiyuta hauna - zvisingatomboiti constructor, zvinosanganisira dzinokosha zvikamu (the fanira okunze) uye arikunze. Tinofanira chete kuziva chii chinofanira kuva wokupedzisira mugumisiro (the kuenda) uye ipapo hapana hakuzovi kwakaoma kuunganidza maitiro ake chikwata. Zvisinei, The akafanana, vachafanira kuona, inobva mikana mari, nekuti nepamusika kombiyuta kunoda upfumi vatengi.